श्रुत्वा धर्मं विजानाति श्रुत्वा त्यजति दुर्मतिम् ।
श्रुत्वा ज्ञानमवाप्नोति श्रुत्वा मोक्षमवाप्नुयात् ॥ ०१ ॥
srutva dharmam vijanati srutva tyajati durmatim ।
srutva jñanamavapnoti srutva moksamavapnuyat ॥ ०1 ॥
By means of hearing one understands dharma, malignity vanishes, knowledge is acquired, and liberation from material bondage is gained.
पक्षिणः काकश्चण्डालः पशूनां चैव कुक्कुरः ।
मुनीनां पापश्चण्डालः सर्वचाण्डालनिन्दकः ॥ ०२ ॥
paksinah kakaschandalah pasūnam chaiva kukkurah ।
muninam papaschandalah sarvachandalanindakah ॥ ०2 ॥
Among birds the crow is vile; among beasts the dog; the ascetic whose sins is abominable, but he who blasphemes others is the worst chandala.
भस्मना शुद्ध्यते कास्यं ताम्रमम्लेन शुद्ध्यति ।
रजसा शुद्ध्यते नारी नदी वेगेन शुद्ध्यति ॥ ०३ ॥
bhasmana suddhyate kasyam tamramamlena suddhyati ।
rajasa suddhyate nari nadi vegena suddhyati ॥ ०3 ॥
Brass is polished by ashes; copper is cleaned by tamarind; a woman, by her menses; and a river by its flow.
भ्रमन्सम्पूज्यते राजा भ्रमन्सम्पूज्यते द्विजः ।
भ्रमन्सम्पूज्यते योगी स्त्री भ्रमन्ती विनश्यति ॥ ०४ ॥
bhramansampūjyate raja bhramansampūjyate dvijah ।
bhramansampūjyate yogi stri bhramanti vinasyati ॥ ०4 ॥
The king, the brahmana, and the ascetic yogi who go abroad are respected; but the woman who wanders is utterly ruined.
यस्यार्थास्तस्य मित्राणि यस्यार्थास्तस्य बान्धवाः ।
यस्यार्थाः स पुमाँल्लोके यस्यार्थाः स च पण्डितः ॥ ०५ ॥
yasyarthastasya mitrani yasyarthastasya bandhavah ।
yasyarthah sa pumaँlloke yasyarthah sa cha panditah ॥ ०5 ॥
He who has wealth has friends. He who is wealthy has relatives. The rich one alone is called a man, and the affluent alone are respected as pandits.
तादृशी जायते बुद्धिर्व्यवसायोऽपि तादृशः ।
सहायास्तादृशा एव यादृशी भवितव्यता ॥ ०६ ॥
tadrsi jayate buddhirvyavasayo'pi tadrsah ।
sahayastadrsa eva yadrsi bhavitavyata ॥ ०6 ॥
As is the desire of Providence, so functions one's intellect; one's activities are also controlled by Providence; and by the will of Providence one is surrounded by helpers
कालः पचति भूतानि कालः संहरते प्रजाः ।
कालः सुप्तेषु जागर्ति कालो हि दुरतिक्रमः ॥ ०७ ॥
kalah pachati bhūtani kalah samharate prajah ।
kalah suptesu jagarti kalo hi duratikramah ॥ ०7 ॥
Time perfects all living beings as well as kills them; it alone is awake when all others are asleep. Time is insurmountable.
न पश्यति च जन्मान्धः कामान्धो नैव पश्यति ।
मदोन्मत्ता न पश्यन्ति अर्थी दोषं न पश्यति ॥ ०८ ॥
na pasyati cha janmandhah kamandho naiva pasyati ।
madonmatta na pasyanti arthi dosam na pasyati ॥ ०8 ॥
Those born blind cannot see; similarly blind are those in the grip of lust. Proud men have no perception of evil; and those bent on acquiring riches see no sin in their actions.
स्वयं कर्म करोत्यात्मा स्वयं तत्फलमश्नुते ।
स्वयं भ्रमति संसारे स्वयं तस्माद्विमुच्यते ॥ ०९ ॥
svayam karma karotyatma svayam tatphalamasnute ।
svayam bhramati samsare svayam tasmadvimuchyate ॥ ०9 ॥
The spirit soul goes through his own course of karma and he himself suffers the good and bad results thereby accrued. By his own actions he entangles himself in samsara, and by his own efforts he extricates himself.
राजा राष्ट्रकृतं पापं राज्ञः पापं पुरोहितः ।
भर्ता च स्त्रीकृतं पापं शिष्यपापं गुरुस्तथा ॥ १० ॥
raja rastrakrtam papam rajñah papam purohitah ।
bharta cha strikrtam papam sisyapapam gurustatha ॥ 1० ॥
The king is obliged to accept the sins of his subjects; the purohita suffers for those of the king; a husband suffers for those of his wife; and the guru suffers for those of his pupils.
ऋणकर्ता पिता शत्रुर्माता च व्यभिचारिणी ।
भार्या रूपवती शत्रुः पुत्रः शत्रुरपण्डितः ॥ ११ ॥
rnakarta pita satrurmata cha vyabhicharini ।
bharya rūpavati satruh putrah satrurapanditah ॥ 11 ॥
A father who is a chronic debtor, an adulterous mother, a beautiful wife, and an unlearned son are enemies in one's own home.
लुब्धमर्थेन गृह्णीयात् स्तब्धमञ्जलिकर्मणा ।
मूर्खं छन्दोऽनुवृत्त्या च यथार्थत्वेन पण्डितम् ॥ १२ ॥
lubdhamarthena grhniyat stabdhamañjalikarmana ।
mūrkham Chando'nuvrttya cha yatharthatvena panditam ॥ 12 ॥
Conciliate a covetous man by means of a gift, an obstinate man with folded hands in salutation, a fool by humouring him, and a learned man by truthful words.
वरं न राज्यं न कुराजराज्यं
वरं न मित्रं न कुमित्रमित्रम् ।
वरं न शिष्यो न कुशिष्यशिष्यो
वरं न दार न कुदरदारः ॥ १३ ॥
varam na rajyam na kurajarajyam
varam na mitram na kumitramitram ।
varam na sisyo na kusisyasisyo
varam na dara na kudaradarah ॥ 13 ॥
It is better to be without a kingdom than to rule over a petty one; better to be without a friend than to befriend a rascal; better to be without a disciple than to have a stupid one; and better to be without a wife than to have a bad one.
कुराजराज्येन कुतः प्रजासुखं
कुमित्रमित्रेण कुतोऽभिनिर्वृतिः ।
कुदारदारैश्च कुतो गृहे रतिः
कुशिष्यशिष्यमध्यापयतः कुतो यशः ॥ १४ ॥
kurajarajyena kutah prajasukham
kumitramitrena kuto'bhinirvrtih ।
kudaradaraischa kuto grhe ratih
kusisyasisyamadhyapayatah kuto yasah ॥ 14 ॥
How can people be made happy in a petty kingdom? What peace can we expect from a rascal friend? What happiness can we have at home in the company of a bad wife? How can renown be gained by instructing an unworthy disciple?
सिंहादेकं बकादेकं शिक्षेच्चत्वारि कुक्कुटात् ।
वायसात्पञ्च शिक्षेच्च षट्शुनस्त्रीणि गर्दभात् ॥ १५ ॥
simhadekam bakadekam siksechchatvari kukkutat ।
vayasatpañcha siksechcha satsunastrini gardabhat ॥ 15 ॥
Learn one thing from a lion; one from a crane; four from a cock; five from a crow; six from a dog; and three from a donkey
प्रभूतं कार्यमल्पं वा यन्नरः कर्तुमिच्छति ।
सर्वारम्भेण तत्कार्यं सिंहादेकं प्रचक्षते ॥ १६ ॥
prabhūtam karyamalpam va yannarah kartumichChati ।
sarvarambhena tatkaryam simhadekam prachaksate ॥ 16 ॥
The one excellent thing that can be learned from a lion is that whatever a man intends doing should be done by him with a whole-hearted and strenuous effort.
इन्द्रियाणि च संयम्य रागद्वेषविवर्जितः ।
समदुःखसुखः शान्तः तत्त्वज्ञः साधुरुच्यते ॥ १७ ॥
indriyani cha samyamya ragadvesavivarjitah ।
samaduhkhasukhah santah tattvajñah sadhuruchyate ॥ 17 ॥
The wise man should restrain his senses like the crane and accomplish his purpose with due knowledge of his place, time and ability.
प्रत्युत्थानं च युद्धं च संविभागं च बन्धुषु ।
स्वयमाक्रम्य भुक्तं च शिक्षेच्चत्वारि कुक्कुटात् ॥ १८ ॥
pratyutthanam cha yuddham cha samvibhagam cha bandhusu ।
svayamakramya bhuktam cha siksechchatvari kukkutat ॥ 18 ॥
To wake at the proper time; to take a bold stand and fight; to make a fair division of property among relations; and to earn one's own bread by personal exertion are the four excellent things to be learned from a cock
गूढमैथुनचारित्वं काले काले च सङ्ग्रहम् ।
अप्रमत्तमविश्वासं पञ्च शिक्षेच्च वायसात् ॥ १९ ॥
gūdhamaithunacharitvam kale kale cha saṅgraham ।
apramattamavisvasam pañcha siksechcha vayasat ॥ 19 ॥
Union in privacy (with one's wife); boldness; storing away useful items; watchfulness; and not easily trusting others; these five things are to be learned from a crow.
बह्वाशी स्वल्पसन्तुष्टः सनिद्रो लघुचेतनः ।
स्वामिभक्तश्च शूरश्च षडेते श्वानतो गुणाः ॥ २० ॥
bahvasi svalpasantustah sanidro laghuchetanah ।
svamibhaktascha sūrascha sadete svanato gunah ॥ 2० ॥
Contentment with little or nothing to eat although one may have a great appetite; to awaken instantly although one may be in a deep slumber; unflinching devotion to the master; and bravery; these six qualities should be learned from the dog.
सुश्रान्तोऽपि वहेद्भारं शीतोष्णं न च पश्यति ।
सन्तुष्टश्चरते नित्यं त्रीणि शिक्षेच्च गर्दभात् ॥ २१ ॥
susranto'pi vahedbharam sitosnam na cha pasyati ।
santustascharate nityam trini siksechcha gardabhat ॥ 21 ॥
Although an ass is tired, he continues to carry his burden; he is unmindful of cold and heat; and he is always contented; these three things should be learned from the donkey.
य एतान्विंशतिगुणानाचरिष्यति मानवः ।
कार्यावस्थासु सर्वासु अजेयः स भविष्यति ॥ २२ ॥
ya etanvimsatigunanacharisyati manavah ।
karyavasthasu sarvasu ajeyah sa bhavisyati ॥ 22 ॥
He who shall practice these twenty virtues shall become invincible in all his undertakings.
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