The Manu Smriti, also known as Manava Dharma Shastra, holds a prominent position as a central source of later Brahmanical Hinduism. Serving as the earliest post-Vedic writing, this law-book is a compilation of laws reflecting Hindu customs and beliefs during the Buddhist period. Its official name, Manava Dharma Shastra, translates to remembered law, and it is commonly referred to as the Code of Manu or Laws of Manu.

The book contains 2685 verses, indicating that it was written over an extended time frame and might be a collaborative effort of many minds.

Its content reflects the observances and practices of the Manavas, a group of Brahmans associated with the Yajur Veda, residing in North-West India between River Saraswati and River Drishadwati.

Manu Smriti addresses four main areas: Achara (immemorial practices related to caste observances), Vyavahara (practices of law and government, including legal procedures and civil and criminal law), Prayas-chitta (penitential exercises for expiation of sins), and Karma-phala (consequences of actions, leading to rewards or punishments in future lives).

Code of Manu played a crucial role in defining and solidifying the varna system. It clearly outlines the duties and obligations of the four main varna and seeks to perpetuate an organized varna hierarchy, with the Brahmans positioned at the top, wielding influence and control.

Manu Smriti continues to be a subject of intense debate, and numerous misconceptions surround its rules and code. Many intellectuals argue that it accentuates divisions among people based on caste and creed, but the truth lies deeper within its teachings. While the word 'caste' (जाती) is mentioned, it is essential to note that the primary reference is to 'Twice Born' (द्विजाती) and not 'Caste' (जाती).

In Conclusion,Manu Smriti, or Code of Manu, stands as an ancient law-book representing the customs, beliefs, and social structure of a specific period in Hindu history. It might also stand true for any society not just hindu based on 4 varnas and not caste.