4.1. Having dwelt with a teacher during the fourth part of (a man’s) life, a Brahmana shall live during the second
quarter (of his existence) in his house, after he has wedded a wife.
अद्रोहेणैव भूतानामल्पद्रोहेण वा पुनः । या वृत्तिस्तां समास्थाय विप्रो जीवेदनापदि ॥ ४.२॥
PADACHEDA
अद्रोहेण एव भूतानाम् अल्प-द्रोहेण वा पुनर् । या वृत्तिः ताम् समास्थाय विप्रः जीवेत् अनापदि ॥ ४।२॥
TRANSLITERATION
adroheṇa eva bhūtānām alpa-droheṇa vā punar . yā vṛttiḥ tām samāsthāya vipraḥ jīvet anāpadi .. 4.2..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.2. A Brahmana must seek a means of subsistence which either causes no, or at least little pain (to others), and live (by that) except in times of distress.
4.3. For the purpose of gaining bare subsistence, let him accumulate property by (following those) irreproachable occupations (which are prescribed for) his (caste), without (unduly) fatiguing his body.
ऋतामृताभ्यां जीवेत्तु मृतेन प्रमृतेन वा । सत्यानृताभ्यामपि वा न श्ववृत्त्या कदा चन ॥ ४.४॥
PADACHEDA
ऋत-अमृताभ्याम् जीवेत् तु मृतेन प्रमृतेन वा । सत्य-अनृताभ्याम् अपि वा न श्ववृत्त्या कदा चन ॥ ४।४॥
TRANSLITERATION
ṛta-amṛtābhyām jīvet tu mṛtena pramṛtena vā . satya-anṛtābhyām api vā na śvavṛttyā kadā cana .. 4.4..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.4. He may subsist by Rita (truth), and Amrita (ambrosia), or by Mrita (death) and by Pramrita (what causes many deaths); or even by (the mode) called Satyanrita (a mixture of truth and falsehood), but never by Svavritti (a dog’s mode of life).
ṛtam uñcha-śilam jñeyam amṛtam syāt a yācitam . mṛtam tu yācitam bhaikṣam pramṛtam karṣaṇam smṛtam .. 4.5..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.5. By Rita shall be understood the gleaning of corn; by Amrita, what is given unasked; by Mrita, food
obtained by begging and agriculture is declared to be Pramrita.
कुसूलधान्यको वा स्यात्कुम्भीधान्यक एव वा । त्र्यहेहिको वाऽपि भवेदश्वस्तनिक एव वा ॥ ४.७॥
PADACHEDA
कुसूलधान्यकः वा स्यात् कुम्भीधान्यकः एव वा । त्रि-अह-ईहिकः वा अपि भवेत् अश्वस्तनिकः एव वा ॥ ४।७॥
TRANSLITERATION
kusūladhānyakaḥ vā syāt kumbhīdhānyakaḥ eva vā . tri-aha-īhikaḥ vā api bhavet aśvastanikaḥ eva vā .. 4.7..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.7. He may either possess enough to fill a granary, or a store filling a grain-jar; or he may collect what suffices for three days, or make no provision for the morrow.
caturṇām api ca eteṣām dvijānām gṛhamedhinām . jyāyān paraḥ paraḥ jñeyaḥ dharmataḥ loka-jittamaḥ .. 4.8..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.8. Moreover, among these four Brahmana householders, each later-(named) must be considered more distinguished, and through his virtue to have conquered the world more completely.
4.10. He who maintains himself by picking up grains and ears of corn, must be always intent on (the performance of) the Agnihotra, and constantly offer those Ishtis only, which are prescribed for the days of the conjunction and opposition (of the moon), and for the solstices.
4.12. He who desires happiness must strive after a perfectly contented disposition and control himself; for happiness has contentment for its root, the root of unhappiness is the contrary (disposition).
atas anyatamayā vṛttyā jīvan tu snātakaḥ dvijaḥ . svargya-āyuṣya yaśasyāni vratāṇi imāni dhārayet .. 4.13..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.13. A Brahmana, who is a Snataka and subsists by one of the (above-mentioned) modes of life, must discharge the (following) duties which secure heavenly bliss, long life, and fame.
4.14. Let him, untired, perform daily the rites prescribed for him in the Veda; for he who performs those
according to his ability, attains to the highest state.
नैहेतार्थान् प्रसङ्गेन न विरुद्धेन कर्मणा । न कल्पमानेष्वर्थेषु नार्त्यामपि यतस्ततः ॥ ४.१५॥
PADACHEDA
न एहेत अर्थान् प्रसङ्गेन न विरुद्धेन कर्मणा । न कल्पमानेषु अर्थेषु न आर्त्याम् अपि यतस् ततस् ॥ ४।१५॥
TRANSLITERATION
na eheta arthān prasaṅgena na viruddhena karmaṇā . na kalpamāneṣu artheṣu na ārtyām api yatas tatas .. 4.15..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.15. Whether he be rich or even in distress, let him not seek wealth through pursuits to which men cleave, nor by forbidden occupations, nor (let him accept presents) from any (giver whosoever he may be).
इन्द्रिय-अर्थेषु सर्वेषु न प्रसज्येत कामतः । अति प्रसक्तिम् च एतेषाम् मनसा संनिवर्तयेत् ॥ ४।१६॥
TRANSLITERATION
indriya-artheṣu sarveṣu na prasajyeta kāmataḥ . ati prasaktim ca eteṣām manasā saṃnivartayet .. 4.16..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.16. Let him not, out of desire (for enjoyments), attach himself to any sensual pleasures, and let him carefully obviate an excessive attachment to them, by (reflecting on their worthlessness in) his heart.
सर्वान् परित्यजेत् अर्थान् स्वाध्यायस्य विरोधिनः । यथा तथा अध्यापयन् तु सा हि अस्य कृतकृत्य-ता ॥ ४।१७॥
TRANSLITERATION
sarvān parityajet arthān svādhyāyasya virodhinaḥ . yathā tathā adhyāpayan tu sā hi asya kṛtakṛtya-tā .. 4.17..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.17. Let him avoid all (means of acquiring) wealth which impede the study of the Veda; (let him maintain himself) anyhow, but study, because that (devotion to the Veda-study secures) the realisation of his aims.
4.18. Let him walk here (on earth), bringing his dress, speech, and thoughts to a conformity with his age, his occupation, his wealth, his sacred learning, and his race.
बुद्धिवृद्धिकराण्याशु धन्यानि च हितानि च । नित्यं शास्त्राण्यवेक्षेत निगमांश्चैव वैदिकान् ॥ ४.१९॥
PADACHEDA
बुद्धि-वृद्धि-कराणि आशु धन्यानि च हितानि च । नित्यम् शास्त्राणि अवेक्षेत निगमान् च एव वैदिकान् ॥ ४।१९॥
TRANSLITERATION
buddhi-vṛddhi-karāṇi āśu dhanyāni ca hitāni ca . nityam śāstrāṇi avekṣeta nigamān ca eva vaidikān .. 4.19..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.19. Let him daily pore over those Institutes of science which soon give increase of wisdom, those which teach the acquisition of wealth, those which are beneficial (for other worldly concerns), and likewise over the
Nigamas which explain the Veda.
etān eke mahāyajñān yajña-śāstra-vidaḥ janāḥ . an īhamānāḥ satatam indriyeṣu eva juhvati .. 4.22..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.22. Some men who know the ordinances for sacrificial rites, always offer these great sacrifices in their organs (of sensation), without any (external) effort.
वाच्येके जुह्वति प्राणं प्राणे वाचं च सर्वदा । वाचि प्राणे च पश्यन्तो यज्ञनिर्वृत्तिमक्षयाम् ॥ ४.२३॥
PADACHEDA
वाचि एके जुह्वति प्राणम् प्राणे वाचम् च सर्वदा । वाचि प्राणे च पश्यन्तः यज्ञ-निर्वृत्तिम् अक्षयाम् ॥ ४।२३॥
TRANSLITERATION
vāci eke juhvati prāṇam prāṇe vācam ca sarvadā . vāci prāṇe ca paśyantaḥ yajña-nirvṛttim akṣayām .. 4.23..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.23. Knowing that the (performance of the) sacrifice in their speech and their breath yields imperishable (rewards), some always offer their breath in their speech, and their speech in their breath.
jñānena eva apare viprāḥ yajante taiḥ makhaiḥ sadā. jñāna-mūlām kriyām eṣām paśyantaḥ jñāna-cakṣuṣā .. 4.24..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.24. Other Brahmanas, seeing with the eye of knowledge that the performance of those rites has knowledge for
its root, always perform them through knowledge alone.
अग्निहोत्रं च जुहुयादाद्यन्ते द्युनिशोः सदा । दर्शेन चार्धमासान्ते पौर्णमासेन चैव हि ॥ ४.२५॥
PADACHEDA
अग्निहोत्रम् च जुहुयात् आदि-अन्ते द्यु-निशोः सदा । दर्शेन च अर्ध-मास-अन्ते पौर्णमासेन च एव हि ॥ ४।२५॥
TRANSLITERATION
agnihotram ca juhuyāt ādi-ante dyu-niśoḥ sadā . darśena ca ardha-māsa-ante paurṇamāsena ca eva hi .. 4.25..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.25. A Brahmana shall always offer the Agnihotra at the beginning or at the end of the day and of the night, and the Darsa and Paurnamasa (Ishtis) at the end of each half-month,
4.26. When the old grain has been consumed the (Agrayana) Ishti with new grain, at the end of the (three) seasons the (Katurmasya-) sacrifices, at the solstices an animal (sacrifice), at the end of the year Soma- offerings.
न अन् इष्ट्वा नव-सस्य-इष्ट्या पशुना च अग्निमान् द्विजः । वा दीर्घम् आयुः जिजीविषुः ॥ ४।२७॥
TRANSLITERATION
na an iṣṭvā nava-sasya-iṣṭyā paśunā ca agnimān dvijaḥ . vā dīrgham āyuḥ jijīviṣuḥ .. 4.27..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.27. A Brahmana, who keeps sacred fires, shall, if he desires to live long, not eat new grain or meat, without
having offered the (Agrayana) Ishti with new grain and an animal-(sacrifice).
नवेन अनर्चिताः हि अस्य पशु-हव्येन च अग्नयः । प्राणान् एव अत्तुम् इच्छन्ति नव-अन्न-आमिष-गर्धिनः ॥ ४।२८॥
TRANSLITERATION
navena anarcitāḥ hi asya paśu-havyena ca agnayaḥ . prāṇān eva attum icchanti nava-anna-āmiṣa-gardhinaḥ .. 4.28..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.28. For his fires, not being worshipped by offerings of new grain and of an animal, seek to devour his vital
spirits, (because they are) greedy for new grain and flesh.
पाषण्डिनः विकर्म-स्थान् बैडालव्रतिकान् शठान् । हैतुकान् बकवृत्तीन् च वाच्-मात्रेण अपि न अर्चयेत् ॥ ४।३०॥
TRANSLITERATION
pāṣaṇḍinaḥ vikarma-sthān baiḍālavratikān śaṭhān . haitukān bakavṛttīn ca vāc-mātreṇa api na arcayet .. 4.30..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.30. Let him not honour, even by a greeting, heretics, men who follow forbidden occupations, men who live
like cats, rogues, logicians, (arguing against the Veda,) and those who live like herons.
4.31. Those who have become Snatakas after studying the Veda, or after completing their vows, (and) householders, who are Srotriyas, one must worship by (gifts of food) sacred to gods and manes, but one must avoid those who are different.
śaktitas apacamānebhyaḥ dātavyam gṛhamedhinā . saṃvibhāgaḥ ca bhūtebhyaḥ kartavyaḥ an uparodhataḥ .. 4.32..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.32. A householder must give (as much food) as he is able (to spare) to those who do not cook for themselves, and to all beings one must distribute (food) without detriment (to one’s own interest).
राजतः धनम् अन्विच्छेत् संसीदन् स्नातकः क्षुधा । याज्य-अन्तेवासिनोः वा अपि न तु अन्यतस् इति स्थितिः ॥ ४।३३॥
TRANSLITERATION
rājataḥ dhanam anvicchet saṃsīdan snātakaḥ kṣudhā . yājya-antevāsinoḥ vā api na tu anyatas iti sthitiḥ .. 4.33..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.33. A Snataka who pines with hunger, may beg wealth of a king, of one for whom he sacrifices, and of a pupil, but not of others; that is a settled rule.
कॢप्त-केश-नख-श्मश्रुः दान्तः शुक्ल-अम्बरः शुचिः । स्वाध्याये च एव युक्तः स्यात् नित्यम् आत्म-हितेषु च ॥ ४।३५॥
TRANSLITERATION
kḷpta-keśa-nakha-śmaśruḥ dāntaḥ śukla-ambaraḥ śuciḥ . svādhyāye ca eva yuktaḥ syāt nityam ātma-hiteṣu ca .. 4.35..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.35. Keeping his hair, nails, and beard clipped, subduing his passions by austerities, wearing white garments and (keeping himself) pure, he shall be always engaged in studying the Veda and (such acts as are) conducive to his welfare.
न लङ्घयेद्वत्सतन्त्रीं न प्रधावेच्च वर्षति । न चोदके निरीक्षेत स्वरूपमिति धारणा ॥ ४.३८॥
PADACHEDA
न लङ्घयेत् वत्स-तन्त्रीम् न प्रधावेत् च वर्षति । न च उदके निरीक्षेत स्व-रूपम् इति धारणा ॥ ४।३८॥
TRANSLITERATION
na laṅghayet vatsa-tantrīm na pradhāvet ca varṣati . na ca udake nirīkṣeta sva-rūpam iti dhāraṇā .. 4.38..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.38. Let him not step over a rope to which a calf is tied, let him not run when it rains, and let him not look at
his own image in water; that is a settled rule.
4.39. Let him pass by (a mound of) earth, a cow, an idol, a Brahmana, clarified butter, honey, a crossway, and well-known trees, turning his right hand towards them.
रजसा अभिप्लुताम् नारीम् नरस्य हि उपगच्छतः । प्रज्ञा तेजः बलम् चक्षुः आयुः च एव प्रहीयते ॥ ४।४१॥
TRANSLITERATION
rajasā abhiplutām nārīm narasya hi upagacchataḥ . prajñā tejaḥ balam cakṣuḥ āyuḥ ca eva prahīyate .. 4.41..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.41. For the wisdom, the energy, the strength, the sight, and the vitality of a man who approaches a woman covered with menstrual excretions, utterly perish.
नाञ्जयन्तीं स्वके नेत्रे न चाभ्यक्तामनावृताम् । न पश्येत्प्रसवन्तीं च तेजस्कामो द्विजोत्तमः ॥ ४.४४॥
PADACHEDA
न अञ्जयन्तीम् स्वके नेत्रे न च अभ्यक्ताम् अनावृताम् । न पश्येत् प्रसवन्तीम् च तेजस्कामः द्विजोत्तमः ॥ ४।४४॥
TRANSLITERATION
na añjayantīm svake netre na ca abhyaktām anāvṛtām . na paśyet prasavantīm ca tejaskāmaḥ dvijottamaḥ .. 4.44..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.44. A Brahmana who desires energy must not look at (a woman) who applies collyrium to her eyes, has anointed or uncovered herself or brings forth (a child).
4.49. He may ease himself, having covered (the ground) with sticks, clods, leaves, grass, and the like,
restraining his speech, (keeping himself) pure, wrapping up his body, and covering his head.
4.50. Let him void faeces and urine, in the daytime turning to the north, at night turning towards the south,
during the two twilights in the same (position) as by day.
4.51. In the shade or in darkness a Brahmana may, both by day and at night, do it, assuming any position he
pleases; likewise when his life is in danger.
नाग्निं मुखेनोपधमेन्नग्नां नैक्षेत च स्त्रियम् । नामेध्यं प्रक्षिपेदग्नौ न च पादौ प्रतापयेत् ॥ ४.५३॥
PADACHEDA
न अग्निम् मुखेन उपधमेत् नग्नाम् न ईक्षेत च स्त्रियम् । न अमेध्यम् प्रक्षिपेत् अग्नौ न च पादौ प्रतापयेत् ॥ ४।५३॥
TRANSLITERATION
na agnim mukhena upadhamet nagnām na īkṣeta ca striyam . na amedhyam prakṣipet agnau na ca pādau pratāpayet .. 4.53..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.53. Let him not blow a fire with his mouth; let him not look at a naked woman; let him not throw any impure substance into the fire, and let him not warm his feet at it.
अधस्तान्नोपदध्याच्च न चैनमभिलङ्घयेत् । न चैनं पादतः कुर्यान्न प्राणाबाधमाचरेत् ॥ ४.५४॥
PADACHEDA
अधस्तात् न उपदध्यात् च न च एनम् अभिलङ्घयेत् । न च एनम् पादतः कुर्यात् न प्राण-आबाधम् आचरेत् ॥ ४।५४॥
TRANSLITERATION
adhastāt na upadadhyāt ca na ca enam abhilaṅghayet . na ca enam pādataḥ kuryāt na prāṇa-ābādham ācaret .. 4.54..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.54. Let him not place (fire) under (a bed or the like); nor step over it, nor place it (when he sleeps) at the foot- (end of his bed); let him not torment living creatures.
4.56. Let him not throw urine or faeces into the water, nor saliva, nor (clothes) defiled by impure substances,
nor any other (impurity), nor blood, nor poisonous things.
न एकः शून्य-गृहे स्वप्यान् श्रेयांसम् प्रबोधयेत् । न उदक्यया अभिभाषेत यज्ञम् गच्छेत् न च अ वृतः ॥ ४।५७॥
TRANSLITERATION
na ekaḥ śūnya-gṛhe svapyān śreyāṃsam prabodhayet . na udakyayā abhibhāṣeta yajñam gacchet na ca a vṛtaḥ .. 4.57..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.57. Let him not sleep alone in a deserted dwelling; let him not wake (a superior) who is sleeping; let him not converse with a menstruating woman; nor let him go to a sacrifice, if he is not chosen (to be officiating priest).
अग्न्यगारे गवाम् गोष्ठे ब्राह्मणानाम् च संनिधौ । स्वाध्याये भोजने च एव दक्षिणम् पाणिम् उद्धरेत् ॥ ४।५८॥
TRANSLITERATION
agnyagāre gavām goṣṭhe brāhmaṇānām ca saṃnidhau . svādhyāye bhojane ca eva dakṣiṇam pāṇim uddharet .. 4.58..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.58. Let him keep his right arm uncovered in a place where a sacred fire is kept, in a cow-pen, in the presence of Brahmanas, during the private recitation of the Veda, and at meals.
न वारयेद्गां धयन्तीं न चाचक्षीत कस्य चित् । न दिवीन्द्रायुधं दृष्ट्वा कस्य चिद्दर्शयेद्बुधः ॥ ४.५९॥
PADACHEDA
न वारयेत् गाम् धयन्तीम् न च आचक्षीत कस्य चित् । न दिवि इन्द्रायुधम् दृष्ट्वा कस्य चित् दर्शयेत् बुधः ॥ ४।५९॥
TRANSLITERATION
na vārayet gām dhayantīm na ca ācakṣīta kasya cit . na divi indrāyudham dṛṣṭvā kasya cit darśayet budhaḥ .. 4.59..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.59. Let him not interrupt a cow who is suckling (her calf), nor tell anybody of it. A wise man, if he sees a rainbow in the sky, must not point it out to anybody.
नाधर्मिके वसेद्ग्रामे न व्याधिबहुले भृशम् । नैकः प्रपद्येताध्वानं न चिरं पर्वते वसेत् ॥ ४.६०॥
PADACHEDA
न आधर्मिके वसेत् ग्रामे न व्याधि-बहुले भृशम् । न एकः प्रपद्येत अध्वानम् न चिरम् पर्वते वसेत् ॥ ४।६०॥
TRANSLITERATION
na ādharmike vaset grāme na vyādhi-bahule bhṛśam . na ekaḥ prapadyeta adhvānam na ciram parvate vaset .. 4.60..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.60. Let him not dwell in a village where the sacred law is not obeyed, nor (stay) long where diseases are endemic; let him not go alone on a journey, nor reside long on a mountain.
न शूद्रराज्ये निवसेन्नाधार्मिकजनावृते । न पाषण्डिगणाक्रान्ते नोपस्षृटेऽन्त्यजैर्नृभिः ॥ ४.६१॥
PADACHEDA
न शूद्र-राज्ये निवसेत् न अधार्मिक-जन-आवृते । न पाषण्डि-गण-आक्रान्ते न उपसृष्टे अन्त्यजैः नृभिः ॥ ४।६१॥
TRANSLITERATION
na śūdra-rājye nivaset na adhārmika-jana-āvṛte . na pāṣaṇḍi-gaṇa-ākrānte na upasṛṣṭe antyajaiḥ nṛbhiḥ .. 4.61..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.61. Let him not dwell in a country where the rulers are Sudras, nor in one which is surrounded by unrighteous
men, nor in one which has become subject to heretics, nor in one swarming with men of the lowest castes.
न भुञ्जीतोद्धृतस्नेहं नातिसौहित्यमाचरेत् ॥नातिप्रगे नातिसायं न सायं प्रातराशितः ॥ ४.६२॥
PADACHEDA
न भुञ्जीत उद्धृत-स्नेहम् न अति सौहित्यम् आचरेत् ॥न अतिप्रगे न अति सायम् न सायम् प्रातर् आशितः ॥ ४।६२॥
TRANSLITERATION
na bhuñjīta uddhṛta-sneham na ati sauhityam ācaret ..na atiprage na ati sāyam na sāyam prātar āśitaḥ .. 4.62..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.62. Let him not eat anything from which the oil has been extracted; let him not be a glutton; let him not eat very early (in the morning), nor very late (in the evening), nor (take any food) in the evening, if he has eaten (his fill) in the morning.
न कुर्वीत वृथाचेष्टां न वार्यञ्जलिना पिबेत् । नोत्सङ्गे भक्षयेद्भक्ष्यान्न जातु स्यात्कुतूहली ॥ ४.६३॥
PADACHEDA
न कुर्वीत वृथा चेष्टाम् न वारि-अञ्जलिना पिबेत् । न उत्सङ्गे भक्षयेत् भक्ष्यात् न जातु स्यात् कुतूहली ॥ ४।६३॥
TRANSLITERATION
na kurvīta vṛthā ceṣṭām na vāri-añjalinā pibet . na utsaṅge bhakṣayet bhakṣyāt na jātu syāt kutūhalī .. 4.63..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.63. Let him not exert himself without a purpose; let him not drink water out of his joined palms; let him not eat food (placed) in his lap; let him not show (idle) curiosity.
न नृत्येदथ वा गायेन्न वादित्राणि वादयेत् । नास्फोटयेन्न च क्ष्वेडेन्न च रक्तो विरावयेत् ॥ ४.६४॥
PADACHEDA
न नृत्येत् अथ वा गायेत् न वादित्राणि वादयेत् । न आस्फोटयेत् न च क्ष्वेडेत् न च रक्तः विरावयेत् ॥ ४।६४॥
TRANSLITERATION
na nṛtyet atha vā gāyet na vāditrāṇi vādayet . na āsphoṭayet na ca kṣveḍet na ca raktaḥ virāvayet .. 4.64..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.64. Let him not dance, nor sing, nor play musical instruments, nor slap (his limbs), nor grind his teeth, nor let him make uncouth noises, though he be in a passion.
न पादौ धावयेत्कांस्ये कदा चिदपि भाजने । न भिन्नभाण्डे भुञ्जीत न भावप्रतिदूषिते ॥ ४.६५॥
PADACHEDA
न पादौ धावयेत् कांस्ये कदा चित् अपि भाजने । न भिन्न-भाण्डे भुञ्जीत न भाव-प्रतिदूषिते ॥ ४।६५॥
TRANSLITERATION
na pādau dhāvayet kāṃsye kadā cit api bhājane . na bhinna-bhāṇḍe bhuñjīta na bhāva-pratidūṣite .. 4.65..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.65. Let him never wash his feet in a vessel of white brass; let him not eat out of a broken (earthen) dish, nor out of one that (to judge) from its appearance (is) defiled.
नाविनीतैर्भजेद्धुर्यैर्न च क्षुध्व्याधिपीडितैः । न भिन्नशृङ्गाक्षिखुरैर्न वालधिविरूपितैः ॥ ४.६७॥
PADACHEDA
न अविनीतैः भजेत् धुर्यैः न च क्षुध्वी-आधि-पीडितैः । न भिन्न-शृङ्ग-अक्षि-खुरैः न वालधि-विरूपितैः ॥ ४।६७॥
TRANSLITERATION
na avinītaiḥ bhajet dhuryaiḥ na ca kṣudhvī-ādhi-pīḍitaiḥ . na bhinna-śṛṅga-akṣi-khuraiḥ na vāladhi-virūpitaiḥ .. 4.67..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.67. Let him not travel with untrained beasts of burden, nor with (animals) that are tormented by hunger or disease, or whose horns, eyes, and hoofs have been injured, or whose tails have been disfigured.
4.68. Let him always travel with (beasts) which are well broken in, swift, endowed with lucky marks, and
perfect in colour and form, without urging them much with the goad.
बाल-आतपः प्रेतधूमः वर्ज्यम् भिन्नम् तथा आसनम् । न छिन्द्यात् नख-रोमाणि दन्तैः न उत्पाटयेत् नखान् ॥ ४।६९॥
TRANSLITERATION
bāla-ātapaḥ pretadhūmaḥ varjyam bhinnam tathā āsanam . na chindyāt nakha-romāṇi dantaiḥ na utpāṭayet nakhān .. 4.69..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.69. The morning sun, the smoke rising from a (burning) corpse, and a broken seat must be avoided. Let him
not clip his nails or hair, and not tear his nails with his teeth.
न मृत्लोष्ठं च मृद्नीयान्न च्छिन्द्यात् करजैस्तृणम् । न कर्म निष्फलं कुर्यान्नायत्यामसुखोदयम् ॥ ४.७०॥
PADACHEDA
न मृद्-लोष्ठम् च मृद्नीयात् न छिन्द्यात् करजैः तृणम् । न कर्म निष्फलम् कुर्यात् न आयत्याम् असुख-उदयम् ॥ ४।७०॥
TRANSLITERATION
na mṛd-loṣṭham ca mṛdnīyāt na chindyāt karajaiḥ tṛṇam . na karma niṣphalam kuryāt na āyatyām asukha-udayam .. 4.70..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.70. Let him not crush earth or clods, nor tear off grass with his nails; let him not do anything that is useless or will have disagreeable results in the future.
लोष्ठमर्दी तृणच्छेदी नखखादी च यो नरः । स विनाशं व्रजत्याशु सूचकाऽशुचिरेव च ॥ ४.७१॥
PADACHEDA
लोष्ठ-मर्दी तृण-छेदी नख-खादी च यः नरः । स विनाशम् व्रजति आशु सूचक-अशुचिः एव च ॥ ४।७१॥
TRANSLITERATION
loṣṭha-mardī tṛṇa-chedī nakha-khādī ca yaḥ naraḥ . sa vināśam vrajati āśu sūcaka-aśuciḥ eva ca .. 4.71..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.71. A man who crushes clods, tears off grass, or bites his nails, goes soon to perdition, likewise an informer and he who neglects (the rules of) purification.
नाक्षैर्दीव्येत्कदा चित्तु स्वयं नोपानहौ हरेत् । शयनस्थो न भुञ्जीत न पाणिस्थं न चासने ॥ ४.७४॥
PADACHEDA
न अक्षैः दीव्येत् कदा चित् तु स्वयम् न उपानहौ हरेत् । शयन-स्थः न भुञ्जीत न पाणि-स्थम् न च आसने ॥ ४।७४॥
TRANSLITERATION
na akṣaiḥ dīvyet kadā cit tu svayam na upānahau haret . śayana-sthaḥ na bhuñjīta na pāṇi-stham na ca āsane .. 4.74..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.74. Let him never play with dice, nor himself take off his shoes; let him not eat, lying on a bed, nor what has been placed in his hand or on a seat.
ārdra-pādaḥ tu bhuñjīta na ārdra-pādaḥ tu saṃviśet . ārdra-pādaḥ tu bhuñjānaḥ dīrgham āyuḥ avāpnuyāt .. 4.76..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.76. Let him eat while his feet are (yet) wet (from the ablution), but let him not go to bed with wet feet. He
who eats while his feet are (still) wet, will attain long life.
अचक्षुर्विषयं दुर्गं न प्रपद्येत कर्हि चित् । न विण्मूत्रमुदीक्षेत न बाहुभ्यां नदीं तरेत् ॥ ४.७७॥
PADACHEDA
अ चक्षुः-विषयम् दुर्गम् न प्रपद्येत कर्हि चित् । न विष्-मूत्रम् उदीक्षेत न बाहुभ्याम् नदीम् तरेत् ॥ ४।७७॥
TRANSLITERATION
a cakṣuḥ-viṣayam durgam na prapadyeta karhi cit . na viṣ-mūtram udīkṣeta na bāhubhyām nadīm taret .. 4.77..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.77. Let him never enter a place, difficult of access, which is impervious to his eye; let him not look at urine or
ordure, nor cross a river (swimming) with his arms.
न संवसेच्च पतितैर्न चाण्डालैर्न पुल्कसैः । न मूर्खैर्नावलिप्तैश्च नान्त्यैर्नान्त्यावसायिभिः ॥ ४.७९॥
PADACHEDA
न संवसेत् च पतितैः न चाण्डालैः न पुल्कसैः । न मूर्खैः न अवलिप्तैः च न अन्त्यैः न अन्त्यावसायिभिः ॥ ४।७९॥
TRANSLITERATION
na saṃvaset ca patitaiḥ na cāṇḍālaiḥ na pulkasaiḥ . na mūrkhaiḥ na avaliptaiḥ ca na antyaiḥ na antyāvasāyibhiḥ .. 4.79..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.79. Let him not stay together with outcasts, nor with Kandalas, nor with Pukkasas, nor with fools, nor with
overbearing men, nor with low-caste men, nor with Antyavasayins.
न शूद्राय मतिं दद्यान्नोच्छिष्टं न हविष्कृतम् । न चास्योपदिशेद्धर्मं न चास्य व्रतमादिशेत् ॥ ४.८०॥
PADACHEDA
न शूद्राय मतिम् दद्यात् न उच्छिष्टम् न हविष्कृतम् । न च अस्य उपदिशेत् धर्मम् न च अस्य व्रतम् आदिशेत् ॥ ४।८०॥
TRANSLITERATION
na śūdrāya matim dadyāt na ucchiṣṭam na haviṣkṛtam . na ca asya upadiśet dharmam na ca asya vratam ādiśet .. 4.80..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.80. Let him not give to a Sudra advice, nor the remnants (of his meal), nor food offered to the gods; nor let him explain the sacred law (to such a man), nor impose (upon him) a penance.
यो ह्यस्य धर्ममाचष्टे यश्चैवादिशति व्रतम् । सोऽसंवृतं नाम तमः सह तेनैव मज्जति ॥ ४.८१॥
PADACHEDA
यः हि अस्य धर्मम् आचष्टे यः च एव आदिशति व्रतम् । सः असंवृतम् नाम तमः सह तेन एव मज्जति ॥ ४।८१॥
TRANSLITERATION
yaḥ hi asya dharmam ācaṣṭe yaḥ ca eva ādiśati vratam . saḥ asaṃvṛtam nāma tamaḥ saha tena eva majjati .. 4.81..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.81. For he who explains the sacred law (to a Sudra) or dictates to him a penance, will sink together with that (man) into the hell (called) Asamvrita.
केश-ग्रहान् प्रहारान् च शिरसि एतान् विवर्जयेत् । शिरः-स्नातः च तैलेन न अङ्गम् किम् चित् अपि स्पृशेत् ॥ ४।८३॥
TRANSLITERATION
keśa-grahān prahārān ca śirasi etān vivarjayet . śiraḥ-snātaḥ ca tailena na aṅgam kim cit api spṛśet .. 4.83..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.83. Let him avoid (in anger) to lay hold of (his own or other men’s) hair, or to strike (himself or others) on the head. When he has bathed (submerging) his head, he shall not touch any of his limbs with oil.
न राज्ञः प्रतिगृह्णीयादराजन्यप्रसूतितः । सूनाचक्रध्वजवतां वेशेनैव च जीवताम् ॥ ४.८४॥
PADACHEDA
न राज्ञः प्रतिगृह्णीयात् अराजन्य-प्रसूतितः । सूना-चक्र-ध्वजवताम् वेशेन एव च जीवताम् ॥ ४।८४॥
TRANSLITERATION
na rājñaḥ pratigṛhṇīyāt arājanya-prasūtitaḥ . sūnā-cakra-dhvajavatām veśena eva ca jīvatām .. 4.84..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.84. Let him not accept presents from a king who is not descended from the Kshatriya race, nor from butchers, oil-manufacturers, and publicans, nor from those who subsist by the gain of prostitutes.
4.85. One oil-press is as (bad) as ten slaughter-houses, one tavern as (bad as) ten oil-presses, one brothel as (bad as) ten taverns, one king as (bad as) ten brothels.
4.86. A king is declared to be equal (in wickedness) to a butcher who keeps a hundred thousand slaughter- houses; to accept presents from him is a terrible (crime).
4.87. He who accepts presents from an avaricious king who acts contrary to the Institutes (of the sacred law), will go in succession to the following twenty-one hells:
ब्राह्मे मुहूर्ते बुध्येत धर्म-अर्थौ च अनुचिन्तयेत् । काय-क्लेशान् च तद्-मूलान् वेद-तत्त्व-अर्थम् एव च ॥ ४।९२॥
TRANSLITERATION
brāhme muhūrte budhyeta dharma-arthau ca anucintayet . kāya-kleśān ca tad-mūlān veda-tattva-artham eva ca .. 4.92..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.92. Let him wake in the muhurta, sacred to Brahman, and think of (the acquisition of) spiritual merit and wealth, of the bodily fatigue arising therefrom, and of the true meaning of the Veda.
utthāya āvaśyakam kṛtvā kṛta-śaucaḥ samāhitaḥ . pūrvām saṃdhyām japan tiṣṭhet sva-kāle ca aparām ciram .. 4.93..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.93. When he has risen, has relieved the necessities of nature and carefully purified himself, let him stand during the morning twilight, muttering for a long time (the Gayatri), and at the proper time (he must similarly perform) the evening (devotion).
4.95. Having performed the Upakarman according to the prescribed rule on (the full moon of the month) Sravana, or on that of Praushthapada (Bhadrapada), a Brahmana shall diligently study the Vedas during four months and a hal
4.96. When the Pushya-day (of the month Pausha), or the first day of the bright half of Magha has come, a Brahmana shall perform in the forenoon the Utsargana of the Vedas.
yathāśāstram tu kṛtvā evam utsargam chandasām bahis . viramet pakṣiṇīm rātrim tat eva ekam aharniśam .. 4.97..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.97. Having performed the Utsarga outside (the village), as the Institutes (of the sacred law) prescribe, he shall stop reading during two days and the intervening night, or during that day (of the Utsarga) and (the following) night.
atas ūrdhvam tu chandāṃsi śukleṣu niyataḥ paṭhet . vedāṅgāni ca sarvāṇi kṛṣṇa-pakṣeṣu sampaṭhet .. 4.98..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.98. Afterwards he shall diligently recite the Vedas during the bright (halves of the months), and duly study all the Angas of the Vedas during the dark fortnights.
नाविस्पष्टमधीयीत न शूद्रजनसन्निधौ । न निशान्ते परिश्रान्तो ब्रह्माधीत्य पुनः स्वपेत् ॥ ४.९९॥
PADACHEDA
न अविस्पष्टम् अधीयीत न शूद्र-जन-सन्निधौ । न निशा-अन्ते परिश्रान्तः ब्रह्म अधीत्य पुनर् स्वपेत् ॥ ४।९९॥
TRANSLITERATION
na avispaṣṭam adhīyīta na śūdra-jana-sannidhau . na niśā-ante pariśrāntaḥ brahma adhītya punar svapet .. 4.99..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.99. Let him not recite (the texts) indistinctly, nor in the presence of Sudras; nor let him, if in the latter part of the night he is tired with reciting the Veda, go again to sleep.
यथा उदितेन विधिना नित्यम् छन्दस्कृतम् पठेत् । ब्रह्म छन्दस्कृतम् च एव द्विजः युक्तः हि अनापदि ॥ ४।१००॥
TRANSLITERATION
yathā uditena vidhinā nityam chandaskṛtam paṭhet . brahma chandaskṛtam ca eva dvijaḥ yuktaḥ hi anāpadi .. 4.100..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.100. According to the rule declared above, let him recite the daily (portion of the) Mantras, and a zealous Brahmana, (who is) not in distress, (shall study) the Brahmana and the Mantrasamhita.
4.101. Let him who studies always avoid (reading) on the following occasions when the Veda-study is forbidden, and (let) him who teaches pupils according to the prescribed rule (do it likewise).
4.102. Those who know the (rules of) recitation declare that in the rainy season the Veda-study must be stopped on these two (occasions), when the wind is audible at night, and when it whirls up the dust in the day-time.
4.103. Manu has stated, that when lightning, thunder, and rain (are observed together), or when large fiery meteors fall on all sides, the recitation must be interrupted until the same hour (on the next day, counting from
the occurrence of the event).
etān tu abhyuditān vidyāt yadā prāduṣkṛta-agniṣu . tadā vidyāt anadhyāyam anṛtau ca abhra-darśane .. 4.104..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.104. When one perceives these (phenomena) all together (in the twilight), after the sacred fires have been
made to blaze (for the performance of the Agnihotra), then one must know the recitation of the Veda to be forbidden, and also when clouds appear out of season.
nirghāte bhūmicalane jyotiṣām ca upasarjane . etān ākālikān vidyāt anadhyāyān ṛtau api .. 4.104..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.105. On (the occasion of) a preternatural sound from the sky, (of) an earthquake, and when the lights of heaven are surrounded by a halo, let him know that (the Veda-study must be) stopped until the same hour (on
the next day), even if (these phenomena happen) in the (rainy) season.
prāduṣkṛteṣu agniṣu tu vidyut-stanita-niḥsvane . sa jyotiḥ syāt anadhyāyaḥ śeṣe rātrau yathā divā .. 4.106..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.106. But when lightning and the roar of thunder (are observed) after the sacred fires have been made to blaze, the stoppage shall last as long as the light (of the sun or of the stars is visible); if the remaining (above-named
phenomenon, rain, occurs, the reading shall cease), both in the day-time and at night.
नित्यानध्याय एव स्याद्ग्रामेषु नगरेषु च । धर्मनैपुण्यकामानां पूतिगन्धे च सर्वदा ॥ ४.१०७॥ सर्वशः
PADACHEDA
नित्यानध्यायः एव स्यात् ग्रामेषु नगरेषु च । धर्म-नैपुण्य-कामानाम् पूति-गन्धे च सर्वदा ॥ ४।१०७॥ सर्वशस्
TRANSLITERATION
nityānadhyāyaḥ eva syāt grāmeṣu nagareṣu ca . dharma-naipuṇya-kāmānām pūti-gandhe ca sarvadā .. 4.107.. sarvaśas
ENGLISH MEANING
4.107. For those who wish to acquire exceedingiy great merit, a continual interruption of the Veda-study (is prescribed) in villages and in towns, and (the Veda-study must) always (cease) when any kind of foul smell (is
perceptible).
अन्तर्गतशवे ग्रामे वृषलस्य च सन्निधौ । अनध्यायो रुद्यमाने समवाये जनस्य च ॥ ४.१०८॥
PADACHEDA
अन्तर्गत-शवे ग्रामे वृषलस्य च सन्निधौ । अनध्यायः रुद्यमाने समवाये जनस्य च ॥ ४।१०८॥
TRANSLITERATION
antargata-śave grāme vṛṣalasya ca sannidhau . anadhyāyaḥ rudyamāne samavāye janasya ca .. 4.108..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.108. In a village where a corpse lies, in the presence of a (man who lives as unrighteously as a) Sudra, while
(the sound of) weeping (is heard), and in a crowd of men the (recitation of the Veda must be) stopped.
उदके मध्यरात्रे च विण्मूत्रस्य विसर्जने । उच्छिष्टः श्राद्धभुक्चैव मनसाऽपि न चिन्तयेत् ॥ ४.१०९॥
PADACHEDA
उदके मध्यरात्रे च विष्-मूत्रस्य विसर्जने । उच्छिष्टः श्राद्ध-भुज् च एव मनसा अपि न चिन्तयेत् ॥ ४।१०९॥
TRANSLITERATION
udake madhyarātre ca viṣ-mūtrasya visarjane . ucchiṣṭaḥ śrāddha-bhuj ca eva manasā api na cintayet .. 4.109..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.109. In water, during the middle part of the night, while he voids excrements, or is impure, and after he has partaken of a funeral dinner, a man must not even think in his heart (of the sacred texts).
प्रतिगृह्य द्विजः विद्वान् एकोद्दिष्टस्य केतनम् । त्रि-अहम् न कीर्तयेत् ब्रह्म राज्ञः राहोः च सूतके ॥ ४।११०॥
TRANSLITERATION
pratigṛhya dvijaḥ vidvān ekoddiṣṭasya ketanam . tri-aham na kīrtayet brahma rājñaḥ rāhoḥ ca sūtake .. 4.110..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.110. A learned Brahmana shall not recite the Veda during three days, when he has accepted an invitation to a (funeral rite) in honour of one ancestor (ekoddishta), or when the king has become impure through a birth or death in his family (sutaka), or when Rahu by an eclipse makes the moon impure.
यावत् एकानुदिष्टस्य गन्धः लेपः च तिष्ठति । विप्रस्य विदुषः देहे तावत् ब्रह्म न कीर्तयेत् ॥ ४।१११॥
TRANSLITERATION
yāvat ekānudiṣṭasya gandhaḥ lepaḥ ca tiṣṭhati . viprasya viduṣaḥ dehe tāvat brahma na kīrtayet .. 4.111..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.111. As long as the smell and the stains of the (food given) in honour of one ancestor remain on the body of a learned Brahmana, so long he must not recite the Veda.
शयानः प्रौढ-पादः च कृत्वा च एव अवसक्थिकाम् । न अधीयीत आमिषम् जग्ध्वा सूतकान्न-आद्यम् एव च ॥ ४।११२॥
TRANSLITERATION
śayānaḥ prauḍha-pādaḥ ca kṛtvā ca eva avasakthikām . na adhīyīta āmiṣam jagdhvā sūtakānna-ādyam eva ca .. 4.112..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.112. While lying on a bed, while his feet are raised (on a bench), while he sits on his hams with a cloth tied round his knees, let him not study, nor when he has eaten meat or food given by a person impure on account of a birth or a death,
नीहारे बाणशब्दे च संध्ययोरेव चोभयोः । अमावास्याचतुर्दश्योः पौर्णमास्य्ऽष्टकासु च ॥ ४.११३॥
PADACHEDA
नीहारे बाण-शब्दे च संध्ययोः एव च उभयोः । अमावास्या-चतुर्दश्योः पौर्णमासी-अष्टकासु च ॥ ४।११३॥
TRANSLITERATION
nīhāre bāṇa-śabde ca saṃdhyayoḥ eva ca ubhayoḥ . amāvāsyā-caturdaśyoḥ paurṇamāsī-aṣṭakāsu ca .. 4.113..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.113. Nor during a fog, nor while the sound of arrows is audible, nor during both the twilights, nor on the new- moon day, nor on the fourteenth and the eighth (days of each half-month), nor on the full-moon day.
4.114. The new-moon day destroys the teacher, the fourteenth (day) the pupil, the eighth and the full-moon days (destroy all remembrance of) the Veda; let him therefore avoid (reading on) those (days).
पांसुवर्षे दिशां दाहे गोमायुविरुते तथा । श्वखरोष्ट्रे च रुवति पङ्क्तो च न पठेद्द्विजः ॥ ४.११५॥
PADACHEDA
पांसु-वर्षे दिशाम् दाहे गोमायु-विरुते तथा । श्व-खर-उष्ट्रे च रुवति च न पठेत् द्विजः ॥ ४।११५॥
TRANSLITERATION
pāṃsu-varṣe diśām dāhe gomāyu-virute tathā . śva-khara-uṣṭre ca ruvati ca na paṭhet dvijaḥ .. 4.115..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.115. A Brahmana shall not recite (the Veda) during a dust-storm, nor while the sky is preternaturally red, nor while jackals howl, nor while the barking of dogs, the braying of donkeys, or the grunting of camels (is heard), nor while (he is seated) in a company.
नाधीयीत श्मशानान्ते ग्रामान्ते गोव्रजेऽपि वा । वसित्वा मैथुनं वासः श्राद्धिकं प्रतिगृह्य च ॥ ४.११६॥
PADACHEDA
न अधीयीत श्मशान-अन्ते ग्राम-अन्ते गो-व्रजे अपि वा । वसित्वा मैथुनम् वासः श्राद्धिकम् प्रतिगृह्य च ॥ ४।११६॥
TRANSLITERATION
na adhīyīta śmaśāna-ante grāma-ante go-vraje api vā . vasitvā maithunam vāsaḥ śrāddhikam pratigṛhya ca .. 4.116..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.116. Let him not study near a burial-ground, nor near a village, nor in a cow-pen, nor dressed in a garment which he wore during conjugal intercourse, nor after receiving a present at a funeral sacrifice.
प्राणि वा यदि वाऽप्राणि यत्किं चित्श्राद्धिकं भवेत् । तदालभ्याप्यनध्यायः पाण्यास्यो हि द्विजः स्मृतः ॥ ४.११७॥
PADACHEDA
प्राणि वा यदि वा अप्राणि यत् किम् चित्-श्राद्धिकम् भवेत् । तत् आलभ्य अपि अनध्यायः पाणि-आस्यः हि द्विजः स्मृतः ॥ ४।११७॥
TRANSLITERATION
prāṇi vā yadi vā aprāṇi yat kim cit-śrāddhikam bhavet . tat ālabhya api anadhyāyaḥ pāṇi-āsyaḥ hi dvijaḥ smṛtaḥ .. 4.117..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.117. Be it an animal or a thing inanimate, whatever be the (gift) at a Sraddha, let him not, having just accepted it, recite the Veda; for the hand of a Brahmana is his mouth.
चोरैरुपप्लुते सम्भ्रमे चाग्निकारिते । आकालिकमनध्यायं विद्यात्सर्वाद्भुतेषु च ॥ ४.११८॥
PADACHEDA
चोरैः उपप्लुते सम्भ्रमे च अग्नि-कारिते । आकालिकम् अनध्यायम् विद्यात् सर्व-अद्भुतेषु च ॥ ४।११८॥
TRANSLITERATION
coraiḥ upaplute sambhrame ca agni-kārite . ākālikam anadhyāyam vidyāt sarva-adbhuteṣu ca .. 4.118..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.118. When the village has been beset by robbers, and when an alarm has been raised by fire, let him know that (the Veda-study must be) interrupted until the same hour (on the next day), and on (the occurrence of) all portents.
उपाकर्मणि च उत्सर्गे त्रि-रात्रम् क्षेपणम् स्मृतम् । अष्टकासु तु अहोरात्रम् ऋतु-अन्तासु च रात्रिषु ॥ ४।११९॥
TRANSLITERATION
upākarmaṇi ca utsarge tri-rātram kṣepaṇam smṛtam . aṣṭakāsu tu ahorātram ṛtu-antāsu ca rātriṣu .. 4.119..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.119. On (the occasion of) the Upakarman and (of) the Vedotsarga an omission (of the Veda-study) for three days has been prescribed, but on the Ashtakas and on the last nights of the seasons for a day and a night.
नाधीयीताश्वमारूढो न वृक्षं न च हस्तिनम् । न नावं न खरं नोष्ट्रं नैरिणस्थो न यानगः ॥ ४.१२०॥
PADACHEDA
न अधीयीत अश्वम् आरूढः न वृक्षम् न च हस्तिनम् । न नावम् न खरम् न उष्ट्रम् न एरिण-स्थः न यान-गः ॥ ४।१२०॥
TRANSLITERATION
na adhīyīta aśvam ārūḍhaḥ na vṛkṣam na ca hastinam . na nāvam na kharam na uṣṭram na eriṇa-sthaḥ na yāna-gaḥ .. 4.120..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.120. Let him not recite the Veda on horseback, nor on a tree, nor on an elephant, nor in a boat (or ship), nor on a donkey, nor on camel, nor standing on barren ground, nor riding in a carriage,
न विवादे न कलहे न सेनायां न सङ्गरे । न भुक्तमात्रे नाजीर्णे न वमित्वा न शुक्तके ॥ ४.१२१॥
PADACHEDA
न विवादे न कलहे न सेनायाम् न सङ्गरे । न भुक्त-मात्रे न अजीर्णे न वमित्वा न शुक्तके ॥ ४।१२१॥
TRANSLITERATION
na vivāde na kalahe na senāyām na saṅgare . na bhukta-mātre na ajīrṇe na vamitvā na śuktake .. 4.121..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.121. Nor during a verbal altercation, nor during a mutual assault, nor in a camp, nor during a battle, nor when he has just eaten, nor during an indigestion, nor after vomiting, nor with sour eructations,
अतिथिं चाननुज्ञाप्य मारुते वाति वा भृशम् । रुधिरे च स्रुते गात्रात्शस्त्रेण च परिक्षते ॥ ४.१२२॥
PADACHEDA
अतिथिम् च अन् अनुज्ञाप्य मारुते वाति वा भृशम् । रुधिरे च स्रुते गात्रात् शस्त्रेण च परिक्षते ॥ ४।१२२॥
TRANSLITERATION
atithim ca an anujñāpya mārute vāti vā bhṛśam . rudhire ca srute gātrāt śastreṇa ca parikṣate .. 4.122..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.122. Nor without receiving permission from a guest (who stays in his house), nor while the wind blows
vehemently, nor while blood flows from his body, nor when he is wounded by a weapon.
सामध्वनावृग्यजुषी नाधीयीत कदा चन । वेदस्याधीत्य वाऽप्यन्तमारण्यकमधीत्य च ॥ ४.१२३॥
PADACHEDA
साम-ध्वना वृक्-यजुषी न अधीयीत कदा चन । वेदस्य अधीत्य वा अपि अन्तम् आरण्यकम् अधीत्य च ॥ ४।१२३॥
TRANSLITERATION
sāma-dhvanā vṛk-yajuṣī na adhīyīta kadā cana . vedasya adhītya vā api antam āraṇyakam adhītya ca .. 4.123..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.123. Let him never recite the Rig-veda or the Yagur-veda while the Saman (melodies) are heard; (let him stop
all Veda-study for a day and a night) after finishing a Veda or after reciting an Aranyaka.
4.124. The Rig-veda is declared to be sacred to the gods, the Yagur-veda sacred to men, and the Sama-veda sacred to the manes; hence the sound of the latter is impure (as it were).
4.126. Know that (the Veda-study must be) interrupted for a day and a night, when cattle, a frog, a cat, a dog, a snake, an ichneumon, or a rat pass between (the teacher and his pupil).
द्वौ एव वर्जयेत् नित्यम् अनध्यायौ प्रयत्नतः । स्वाध्याय-भूमिम् च अशुद्धम् आत्मानम् च अशुचिम् द्विजः ॥ ४।१२७॥
TRANSLITERATION
dvau eva varjayet nityam anadhyāyau prayatnataḥ . svādhyāya-bhūmim ca aśuddham ātmānam ca aśucim dvijaḥ .. 4.127..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.127. Let a twice-born man always carefully interrupt the Veda-study on two (occasions, viz.) when the place where he recites is impure, and when he himself is unpurified.
amāvāsyām aṣṭamīm ca paurṇamāsīm caturdaśīm . brahmacārī bhavet nityam api artau snātakaḥ dvijaḥ .. 4.128..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.128. A twice-born man who is a Snataka shall remain chaste on the new-moon day, on the eighth (lunar day of each half-month), on the full-moon day, and on the fourteenth, even (if they fall) in the period (proper for conjugal intercourse).
न स्नानमाचरेद्भुक्त्वा नातुरो न महानिशि । न वासोभिः सहाजस्रं नाविज्ञाते जलाशये ॥ ४.१२९॥
PADACHEDA
न स्नानम् आचरेत् भुक्त्वा न आतुरः न महानिशि । न वासोभिः सह अजस्रम् न अ विज्ञाते जलाशये ॥ ४।१२९॥
TRANSLITERATION
na snānam ācaret bhuktvā na āturaḥ na mahāniśi . na vāsobhiḥ saha ajasram na a vijñāte jalāśaye .. 4.129..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.129. Let him not bathe (immediately) after a meal, nor when he is sick, nor in the middle of the night, nor frequently dressed in all his garments, nor in a pool which he does not perfectly know.
देवतानाम् गुरोः राज्ञः स्नातक-आचार्ययोः तथा । न आक्रामेत् कामतः छायाम् बभ्रुणः दीक्षितस्य च ॥ ४।१३०॥
TRANSLITERATION
devatānām guroḥ rājñaḥ snātaka-ācāryayoḥ tathā . na ākrāmet kāmataḥ chāyām babhruṇaḥ dīkṣitasya ca .. 4.130..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.130. Let him not intentionally step on the shadow of (images of) the gods, of a Guru, of a king, of a Snataka, of his teacher, of a reddish-brown animal, or of one who has been initiated to the performance of a Srauta sacrifice (Dikshita).
उद्वर्तनमपस्नानं विण्मूत्रे रक्तमेव च । श्लेश्मनिष्ठ्यूतवान्तानि नाधितिष्ठेत्तु कामतः ॥ ४.१३२॥
PADACHEDA
उद्वर्तनम् अपस्नानम् विष्-मूत्रे रक्तम् एव च । श्लेश्म-निष्ठ्यूत-वान्तानि न अधितिष्ठेत् तु कामतः ॥ ४।१३२॥
TRANSLITERATION
udvartanam apasnānam viṣ-mūtre raktam eva ca . śleśma-niṣṭhyūta-vāntāni na adhitiṣṭhet tu kāmataḥ .. 4.132..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.132. Let him not step intentionally on things used for cleansing the body, on water used for a bath, on urine or ordure, on blood, on mucus, and on anything spat out or vomited.
सत्यम् ब्रूयात् प्रियम् ब्रूयात् न ब्रूयात् सत्यम् अप्रियम् । प्रियम् च न अनृतम् ब्रूयात् एष धर्मः सनातनः ॥ ४।१३८॥
TRANSLITERATION
satyam brūyāt priyam brūyāt na brūyāt satyam apriyam . priyam ca na anṛtam brūyāt eṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ .. 4.138..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.138. Let him say what is true, let him say what is pleasing, let him utter no disagreeable truth, and let him
utter no agreeable falsehood; that is the eternal law.
न अति कल्यम् न अति सायम् न अति मध्यंदिने स्थिते । न अज्ञातेन समम् गच्छेत् न एकः न वृषलैः सह ॥ ४।१४०॥
TRANSLITERATION
na ati kalyam na ati sāyam na ati madhyaṃdine sthite . na ajñātena samam gacchet na ekaḥ na vṛṣalaiḥ saha .. 4.140..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.140. Let him not journey too early in the morning, nor too late in the evening, nor just during the midday (heat), nor with an unknown (companion), nor alone, nor with Sudras.
हीन-अङ्ग-अनतिरिक्त-अङ्गान् विद्या-हीनान् वयः-अधिकान् । रूप-द्रविण-हीनान् च जाति-हीनान् च न आक्षिपेत् ॥ ४।१४१॥
TRANSLITERATION
hīna-aṅga-anatirikta-aṅgān vidyā-hīnān vayaḥ-adhikān . rūpa-draviṇa-hīnān ca jāti-hīnān ca na ākṣipet .. 4.141..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.141. Let him not insult those who have redundant limbs or are deficient in limbs, nor those destitute of knowledge, nor very aged men, nor those who have no beauty or wealth, nor those who are of low birth.
न स्पृशेत्पाणिनोच्छिष्टो विप्रो गोब्राह्मणानलाण् । न चापि पश्येदशुचिः सुस्थो ज्योतिर्गणान् दिवा ॥ ४.१४२॥
PADACHEDA
न स्पृशेत् पाणिना उच्छिष्टः विप्रः गो-ब्राह्मण-अनल-आण् । न च अपि पश्येत् अशुचिः सुस्थः ज्योतिः-गणान् दिवा ॥ ४।१४२॥
TRANSLITERATION
na spṛśet pāṇinā ucchiṣṭaḥ vipraḥ go-brāhmaṇa-anala-āṇ . na ca api paśyet aśuciḥ susthaḥ jyotiḥ-gaṇān divā .. 4.142..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.142. A Brahmana who is impure must not touch with his hand a cow, a Brahmana, or fire; nor, being in good
health, let him look at the luminaries in the sky, while he is impure.
मङ्गल-आचार-युक्तः स्यात् प्रयत-आत्मा जित-इन्द्रियः । जपेत् च जुहुयात् च एव नित्यम् अग्निम् अतन्द्रितः ॥ ४।१४५॥
TRANSLITERATION
maṅgala-ācāra-yuktaḥ syāt prayata-ātmā jita-indriyaḥ . japet ca juhuyāt ca eva nityam agnim atandritaḥ .. 4.145..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.145. Let him eagerly follow the (customs which are) auspicious and the rule of good conduct, be careful of purity, and control all his organs, let him mutter (prayers) and, untired, daily offer oblations in the fire.
मङ्गलाचारयुक्तानां नित्यं च प्रयतात्मनाम् । जपतां जुह्वतां चैव विनिपातो न विद्यते ॥ ४.१४६॥
PADACHEDA
मङ्गल-आचार-युक्तानाम् नित्यम् च प्रयत-आत्मनाम् । जपताम् जुह्वताम् च एव विनिपातः न विद्यते ॥ ४।१४६॥
TRANSLITERATION
maṅgala-ācāra-yuktānām nityam ca prayata-ātmanām . japatām juhvatām ca eva vinipātaḥ na vidyate .. 4.146..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.146. No calamity happens to those who eagerly follow auspicious customs and the rule of good conduct, to those who are always careful of purity, and to those who mutter (sacred texts) and offer burnt-oblations.
vedam eva abhyaset nityam yathākālam atandritaḥ . tam hi asya āhuḥ param dharmam upadharmaḥ anyaḥ ucyate .. 4.147..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.147. Let him, without tiring, daily mutter the Veda at the proper time; for they declare that to be one’s highest duty; (all) other (observances) are called secondary duties.
वेदाभ्यासेन सततं शौचेन तपसैव च । अद्रोहेण च भूतानां जातिं स्मरति पौर्विकीम् ॥ ४.१४८॥
PADACHEDA
वेद-अभ्यासेन सततम् शौचेन तपसा एव च । अद्रोहेण च भूतानाम् जातिम् स्मरति पौर्विकीम् ॥ ४।१४८॥
TRANSLITERATION
veda-abhyāsena satatam śaucena tapasā eva ca . adroheṇa ca bhūtānām jātim smarati paurvikīm .. 4.148..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.148. By daily reciting the Veda, by (the observance of the rules of) purification, by (practising) austerities,
and by doing no injury to created beings, one (obtains the faculty of) remembering former births.
सावित्रान् शान्तिहोमांश्च कुर्यात्पर्वसु नित्यशः । पितॄंश्चैवाष्टकास्वर्चेन्नित्यमन्वष्टकासु च ॥ ४.१५०॥
PADACHEDA
सावित्रान् शान्ति-होमान् च कुर्यात् पर्वसु नित्यशस् । पितॄन् च एव अष्टकासु अर्चेत् नित्यम् अन्वष्टकासु च ॥ ४।१५०॥
TRANSLITERATION
sāvitrān śānti-homān ca kuryāt parvasu nityaśas . pitṝn ca eva aṣṭakāsu arcet nityam anvaṣṭakāsu ca .. 4.150..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.150. Let him always offer on the Parva-days oblations to Savitri and such as avert evil omens, and on the Ashtakas and Anvashtakas let him constantly worship the manes.
dūrāt āvasathāt mūtram dūrāt pāda-avasecanam . ucchiṣṭa-anna-niṣekam ca dūrāt eva samācaret .. 4.151..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.151. Far from his dwelling let him remove urine (and ordure), far (let him remove) the water used for washing his feet, and far the remnants of food and the water from his bath.
दैवतानि अभिगच्छेत् तु धार्मिकान् च द्विजोत्तमान् । ईश्वरम् च एव रक्षा-अर्थम् गुरून् एव च पर्वसु ॥ ४।१५३॥
TRANSLITERATION
daivatāni abhigacchet tu dhārmikān ca dvijottamān . īśvaram ca eva rakṣā-artham gurūn eva ca parvasu .. 4.153..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.153. But on the Parva-days let him go to visit the (images of the) gods, and virtuous Brahmanas, and the ruler (of the country), for the sake of protection, as well as his Gurus.
अभिवादयेत् वृद्धान् च दद्यात् च एव आसनम् स्वकम् । कृताञ्जलिः उपासीत गच्छतः पृष्ठतस् अन्वियात् ॥ ४।१५४॥
TRANSLITERATION
abhivādayet vṛddhān ca dadyāt ca eva āsanam svakam . kṛtāñjaliḥ upāsīta gacchataḥ pṛṣṭhatas anviyāt .. 4.154..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.154. Let him reverentially salute venerable men (who visit him), give them his own seat, let him sit near them with joined hands and, when they leave, (accompany them), walking behind them.
4.155. Let him, untired, follow the conduct of virtuous men, connected with his occupations, which has been fully declared in the revealed texts and in the sacred tradition (Smriti) and is the root of the sacred law.
4.156. Through virtuous conduct he obtains long life, through virtuous conduct desirable offspring, through virtuous conduct imperishable wealth; virtuous conduct destroys (the effect of) inauspicious marks.
sarva-lakṣaṇa-hīnaḥ api yaḥ sat-ācāravān naraḥ . śraddadhānaḥ anasūyaḥ ca śatam varṣāṇi jīvati .. 4.158..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.158. A man who follows the conduct of the virtuous, has faith and is free from envy, lives a hundred years, though he be entirely destitute of auspicious marks.
yat yat paravaśam karma tat tat yatnena varjayet ..yat yat ātma-vaśam tu syāt tat tat seveta yatnataḥ .. 4.159..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.159. Let him carefully avoid all undertakings (the success of) which depends on others; but let him eagerly pursue that (the accomplishment of) which depends on himself.
4.160. Everything that depends on others (gives) pain, everything that depends on oneself (gives) pleasure; know that this is the short definition of pleasure and pain.
आचार्यं च प्रवक्तारं पितरं मातरं गुरुम् । न हिंस्याद्ब्राह्मणान् गाश्च सर्वांश्चैव तपस्विनः ॥ ४.१६२॥
PADACHEDA
आचार्यम् च प्रवक्तारम् पितरम् मातरम् गुरुम् । न हिंस्यात् ब्राह्मणान् गाः च सर्वान् च एव तपस्विनः ॥ ४।१६२॥
TRANSLITERATION
ācāryam ca pravaktāram pitaram mātaram gurum . na hiṃsyāt brāhmaṇān gāḥ ca sarvān ca eva tapasvinaḥ .. 4.162..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.162. Let him never offend the teacher who initiated him, nor him who explained the Veda, nor his father and mother, nor (any other) Guru, nor cows, nor Brahmanas, nor any men performing austerities.
परस्य दण्डम् न उद्यच्छेत् क्रुद्धः न एनम् निपातयेत् । अन्यत्र पुत्रात् शिष्यात् वा शिष्टि-अर्थम् ताडयेत् तु तौ ॥ ४।१६४॥
TRANSLITERATION
parasya daṇḍam na udyacchet kruddhaḥ na enam nipātayet . anyatra putrāt śiṣyāt vā śiṣṭi-artham tāḍayet tu tau .. 4.164..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.164. Let him, when angry, not raise a stick against another man, nor strike (anybody) except a son or a pupil; those two he may beat in order to correct them.
4.165. A twice-born man who has merely threatened a Brahmana with the intention of (doing him) a corporal injury, will wander about for a hundred years in the Tamisra hell.
4.166. Having intentionally struck him in anger, even with a blade of grass, he will be born during twenty-one existences in the wombs (of such beings where men are born in punishment of their) sins.
a yudhyamānasya utpādya brāhmaṇasya asṛj aṅgataḥ . duḥkham su mahat āpnoti pretya aprājña-tayā naraḥ .. 4.167..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.167. A man who in his folly caused blood to flow from the body of a Brahmana who does not attack him, will suffer after death exceedingly great pain.
4.168. As many particles of dust as the blood takes up from the ground, during so many years the spiller of the
blood will be devoured by other (animals) in the next world.
अधार्मिको नरो यो हि यस्य चाप्यनृतं धनम् । हिंसारतिश् यो नित्यं नैहासौ सुखमेधते ॥ ४.१७०॥
PADACHEDA
अधार्मिकः नरः यः हि यस्य च अपि अनृतम् धनम् । हिंसा-रतिः यः नित्यम् न एह असौ सुखम् एधते ॥ ४।१७०॥
TRANSLITERATION
adhārmikaḥ naraḥ yaḥ hi yasya ca api anṛtam dhanam . hiṃsā-ratiḥ yaḥ nityam na eha asau sukham edhate .. 4.170..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.170. Neither a man who (lives) unrighteously, nor he who (acquires) wealth (by telling) falsehoods, nor he
who always delights in doing injury, ever attain happiness in this world.
na sīdan api dharmeṇa manaḥ adharme niveśayet . adhārmikānām pāpānām āśu paśyan viparyayam .. 4.171..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.171. Let him, though suffering in consequence of his righteousness, never turn his heart to unrighteousness;
for he will see the speedy overthrow of unrighteous, wicked men.
na adharmaḥ caritaḥ loke sadyas phalati gauḥ iva . śanais āvartyamānaḥ tu kartuḥ mūlāni kṛntati .. 4.172..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.172. Unrighteousness, practised in this world, does not at once produce its fruit, like a cow; but, advancing
slowly, it cuts off the roots of him who committed it.
यदि नात्मनि पुत्रेषु न चेत्पुत्रेषु नप्तृषु । न त्वेव तु कृतोऽधर्मः कर्तुर्भवति निष्फलः ॥ ४.१७३॥
PADACHEDA
यदि न आत्मनि पुत्रेषु न चेद् पुत्रेषु नप्तृषु । न तु एव तु कृतः अधर्मः कर्तुः भवति निष्फलः ॥ ४।१७३॥
TRANSLITERATION
yadi na ātmani putreṣu na ced putreṣu naptṛṣu . na tu eva tu kṛtaḥ adharmaḥ kartuḥ bhavati niṣphalaḥ .. 4.173..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.173. If (the punishment falls) not on (the offender) himself, (it falls) on his sons, if not on the sons, (at least)
on his grandsons; but an iniquity (once) committed, never fails to produce fruit to him who wrought it.
4.174. He prospers for a while through unrighteousness, then he gains great good fortune, next he conquers his
enemies, but (at last) he perishes (branch and) root.
सत्य-धर्म-आर्य-वृत्तेषु शौचे च एव आरमेत् सदा । शिष्यान् च शिष्यात् धर्मेण वाच्। बाहु-उदर-संयतः ॥ ४।१७५॥
TRANSLITERATION
satya-dharma-ārya-vṛtteṣu śauce ca eva āramet sadā . śiṣyān ca śiṣyāt dharmeṇa vāc. bāhu-udara-saṃyataḥ .. 4.175..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.175. Let him always delight in truthfulness, (obedience to) the sacred law, conduct worthy of an Aryan, and purity; let him chastise his pupils according to the sacred law; let him keep his speech, his arms, and his belly
under control.
परित्यजेत् अर्थ-कामौ यौ स्याताम् धर्म-वर्जितौ । धर्मम् च अपि असुख-उदर्कम् लोक-सङ्क्रुष्टम् एव च ॥ ४।१७६॥
TRANSLITERATION
parityajet artha-kāmau yau syātām dharma-varjitau . dharmam ca api asukha-udarkam loka-saṅkruṣṭam eva ca .. 4.176..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.176. Let him avoid (the acquisition of) wealth and (the gratification of his) desires, if they are opposed to the sacred law, and even lawful acts which may cause pain in the future or are offensive to men.
न पाणिपादचपलो न नेत्रचपलोऽनृजुः । न स्याद्वाक्चपलश्चैव न परद्रोहकर्मधीः ॥ ४.१७७॥
PADACHEDA
न पाणि-पाद-चपलः न नेत्र-चपलः अनृजुः । न स्यात् वाच्-चपलः च एव न पर-द्रोह-कर्म-धीः ॥ ४।१७७॥
TRANSLITERATION
na pāṇi-pāda-capalaḥ na netra-capalaḥ anṛjuḥ . na syāt vāc-capalaḥ ca eva na para-droha-karma-dhīḥ .. 4.177..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.177. Let him not be uselessly active with his hands and feet, or with his eyes, nor crooked (in his ways), nor talk idly, nor injure others by deeds or even think of it.
4.179. With an officiating or a domestic priest, with a teacher, with a maternal uncle, a guest and a dependant, with infants, aged and sick men, with learned men, with his paternal relatives, connexions by marriage and
maternal relatives,
4.180. With his father and his mother, with female relatives, with a brother, with his son and his wife, with his daughter and with his slaves, let him not have quarrels.
4.181. If he avoids quarrels with these persons, he will be freed from all sins, and by suppressing (all) such (quarrels) a householder conquers all the following worlds.
आचार्यः ब्रह्म-लोक-ऐशः प्राजापत्ये पिता प्रभुः । अतिथिः तु इन्द्र-लोक-ईशः देव-लोकस्य च ऋत्विजः ॥ ४।१८२॥
TRANSLITERATION
ācāryaḥ brahma-loka-aiśaḥ prājāpatye pitā prabhuḥ . atithiḥ tu indra-loka-īśaḥ deva-lokasya ca ṛtvijaḥ .. 4.182..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.182. The teacher is the lord of the world of Brahman, the father has power over the world of the Lord of created beings (Pragapati), a guest rules over the world of Indra, and the priests over the world of the gods.
4.183. The female relatives (have power) over the world of the Apsarases, the maternal relatives over that of the Visve Devas, the connexions by marriage over that of the waters, the mother and the maternal uncle over the earth.
4.184. Infants, aged, poor and sick men must be considered as rulers of the middle sphere, the eldest brother as equal to one’s father, one’s wife and one’s son as one’s own body,
4.185. One’s slaves as one’s shadow, one’s daughter as the highest object of tenderness; hence if one is offended by (any one of) these, one must bear it without resentment.
pratigraha-samarthaḥ api prasaṅgam tatra varjayet . pratigraheṇa hi asya āśu brāhmam tejaḥ praśāmyati .. 4.186..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.186. Though (by his learning and sanctity) he may be entitled to accept presents, let him not attach himself (too much) to that (habit); for through his accepting (many) presents the divine light in him is soon extinguished.
na dravyāṇām a vijñāya vidhim dharmyam pratigrahe . prājñaḥ pratigraham kuryāt avasīdan api kṣudhā .. 4.187..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.187. Without a full knowledge of the rules, prescribed by the sacred law for the acceptance of presents, a wise man should not take anything, even though he may pine with hunger.
hiraṇyam bhūmim aśvam gām annam vāsaḥ tilān ghṛtam . pratigṛhṇan a vidvān tu bhasmībhavati dāru-vat .. 4.188..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.188. But an ignorant (man) who accepts gold, land, a horse, a cow, food, a dress, sesamum-grains, (or)
clarified butter, is reduced to ashes like (a piece of) wood.
हिरण्यम् आयुः अन्नम् च भूर्गोः च अपि ओषतः तनुम् । अश्वः चक्षुः त्वचम् वासः घृतम् तेजः तिलाः प्रजाः ॥ ४।१८९॥
TRANSLITERATION
hiraṇyam āyuḥ annam ca bhūrgoḥ ca api oṣataḥ tanum . aśvaḥ cakṣuḥ tvacam vāsaḥ ghṛtam tejaḥ tilāḥ prajāḥ .. 4.189..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.189. Gold and food destroy his longevity, land and a cow his body, a horse his eye (sight), a garment his skin, clarified butter his energy, sesamum-grains his offspring.
atapāḥ tu an adhīyānaḥ pratigraha-ruciḥ dvijaḥ . ambhasi aśma-plavena eva saha tena eva majjati .. 4.190..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.190. A Brahmana who neither performs austerities nor studies the Veda, yet delights in accepting gifts, sinks with the (donor into hell), just as (he who attempts to cross over in) a boat made of stone (is submerged) in the water.
tasmāt a vidvān bibhiyāt yasmāt tasmāt pratigrahāt . su alpakena api a vidvān hi paṅke gauḥ iva sīdati .. 4.191..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.191. Hence an ignorant (man) should be afraid of accepting any presents; for by reason of a very small (gift) even a fool sinks (into hell) as a cow into a morass.
न वार्यपि प्रयच्छेत्तु बैडालव्रतिके द्विजे । न बकव्रतिके पापे नावेदविदि धर्मवित् ॥ ४.१९२॥
PADACHEDA
न वारि अपि प्रयच्छेत् तु बैडालव्रतिके द्विजे । न बकव्रतिके पापे न अ वेद-विदि धर्म-विद् ॥ ४।१९२॥
TRANSLITERATION
na vāri api prayacchet tu baiḍālavratike dvije . na bakavratike pāpe na a veda-vidi dharma-vid .. 4.192..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.192. (A man) who knows the law should not offer even water to a Brahmana who acts like a cat, nor to a Brahmana who acts like a heron, nor to one who is unacquainted with the Veda.
त्रिष्वप्येतेषु दत्तं हि विधिनाऽप्यर्जितं धनम् । दातुर्भवत्यनर्थाय परत्रादातुरेव च ॥ ४.१९३॥
PADACHEDA
त्रिषु अपि एतेषु दत्तम् हि विधिना अपि अर्जितम् धनम् । दातुः भवति अनर्थाय परत्र अदातुः एव च ॥ ४।१९३॥
TRANSLITERATION
triṣu api eteṣu dattam hi vidhinā api arjitam dhanam . dātuḥ bhavati anarthāya paratra adātuḥ eva ca .. 4.193..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.193. For property, though earned in accordance with prescribed rules, which is given to these three (persons), causes in the next world misery both to the giver and to the recipient.
4.195. (A man) who, ever covetous, displays the flag of virtue, (who is) a hypocrite, a deceiver of the people, intent on doing injury, (and) a detractor (from the merits) of all men, one must know to be one who acts like a cat.
4.196. That Brahmana, who with downcast look, of a cruel disposition, is solely intent on attaining his own ends, dishonest and falsely gentle, is one who acts like a heron.
ये बकव्रतिनो विप्रा ये च मार्जारलिङ्गिनः । ते पतन्त्यन्धतामिस्रे तेन पापेन कर्मणा ॥ ४.१९७॥
PADACHEDA
ये बकव्रतिनः विप्राः ये च मार्जारलिङ्गिनः । ते पतन्ति अन्धतामिस्रे तेन पापेन कर्मणा ॥ ४।१९७॥
TRANSLITERATION
ye bakavratinaḥ viprāḥ ye ca mārjāraliṅginaḥ . te patanti andhatāmisre tena pāpena karmaṇā .. 4.197..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.197. Those Brahmanas who act like herons, and those who display the characteristics of cats, fall in consequence of that wicked mode of acting into (the hell called) Andhatamisra.
4.198. When he has committed a sin, let him not perform a penance under the pretence (that the act is intended to gain) spiritual merit, (thus) hiding his sin under (the pretext of) a vow and deceiving women and Sudras.
प्रेत्य इह च ईदृशाः विप्राः गर्ह्यन्ते ब्रह्म-वादिभिः । छद्मना चरितम् यत् च व्रतम् रक्षांसि गच्छति ॥ ४।१९९॥
TRANSLITERATION
pretya iha ca īdṛśāḥ viprāḥ garhyante brahma-vādibhiḥ . chadmanā caritam yat ca vratam rakṣāṃsi gacchati .. 4.199..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.199. Such Brahmanas are reprehended after death and in this (life) by those who expound the Veda, and a vow, performed under a false pretence, goes to the Rakshasas.
अलिङ्गी लिङ्गिवेषेण यो वृत्तिमुपजीवति । स लिङ्गिनां हरत्येनस्तिर्यग्योनौ च जायते ॥ ४.२००॥
PADACHEDA
अलिङ्गी लिङ्गि-वेषेण यः वृत्तिम् उपजीवति । स लिङ्गिनाम् हरति एनः तिर्यग्योनौ च जायते ॥ ४।२००॥
TRANSLITERATION
aliṅgī liṅgi-veṣeṇa yaḥ vṛttim upajīvati . sa liṅginām harati enaḥ tiryagyonau ca jāyate .. 4.200..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.200. He who, without being a student, gains his livelihood by (wearing) the dress of a student, takes upon himself the guilt of (all) students and is born again in the womb of an animal.
परकीय-निपानेषु न स्नायात् च कदा चन । निपान-कर्तुः स्नात्वा तु दुष्कृत-अंशेन लिप्यते ॥ ४।२०१॥
TRANSLITERATION
parakīya-nipāneṣu na snāyāt ca kadā cana . nipāna-kartuḥ snātvā tu duṣkṛta-aṃśena lipyate .. 4.201..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.201. Let him never bathe in tanks belonging to other men; if he bathes (in such a one), he is tainted by a
portion of the guilt of him who made the tank.
yāna-śayyā-āsanāni asya kūpa-udyāna-gṛhāṇi ca . adattāni upayuñjānaḥ enasaḥ syāt turīya-bhāj .. 4.202..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.202. He who uses without permission a carriage, a bed, a seat, a well, a garden or a house belonging to an
(other man), takes upon himself one fourth of (the owner’s) guilt.
4.204. A wise man should constantly discharge the paramount duties (called yama), but not always the minor ones (called niyama); for he who does not discharge the former, while he obeys the latter alone, becomes an outcast.
नाश्रोत्रियतते यज्ञे ग्रामयाजिकृते तथा । स्त्रिया क्लीबेन च हुते भुञ्जीत ब्राह्मणः क्व चित् ॥ ४.२०५॥
PADACHEDA
न अ श्रोत्रिय-तते यज्ञे ग्राम-याजि-कृते तथा । स्त्रिया क्लीबेन च हुते भुञ्जीत ब्राह्मणः क्व चित् ॥ ४।२०५॥
TRANSLITERATION
na a śrotriya-tate yajñe grāma-yāji-kṛte tathā . striyā klībena ca hute bhuñjīta brāhmaṇaḥ kva cit .. 4.205..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.205. A Brahmana must never eat (a dinner given) at a sacrifice that is offered by one who is not a Srotriya, by one who sacrifices for a multitude of men, by a woman, or by a eunuch.
मत्तक्रुद्धातुराणां च न भुञ्जीत कदा चन । केशकीटावपन्नं च पदा स्पृष्टं च कामतः ॥ ४.२०७॥
PADACHEDA
मत्त-क्रुद्ध-आतुराणाम् च न भुञ्जीत कदा चन । केश-कीट-अवपन्नम् च पदा स्पृष्टम् च कामतः ॥ ४।२०७॥
TRANSLITERATION
matta-kruddha-āturāṇām ca na bhuñjīta kadā cana . keśa-kīṭa-avapannam ca padā spṛṣṭam ca kāmataḥ .. 4.207..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.207. Let him never eat (food given) by intoxicated, angry, or sick (men), nor that in which hair or insects are
found, nor what has been touched intentionally with the foot,
भ्रूणघ्नावेक्षितं चैव संस्पृष्टं चाप्युदक्यया । पतत्रिणावलीढं च शुना संस्पृष्टमेव च ॥ ४.२०८॥
PADACHEDA
भ्रूण-घ्न-अवेक्षितम् च एव संस्पृष्टम् च अपि उदक्यया । पतत्रिणा अवलीढम् च शुना संस्पृष्टम् एव च ॥ ४।२०८॥
TRANSLITERATION
bhrūṇa-ghna-avekṣitam ca eva saṃspṛṣṭam ca api udakyayā . patatriṇā avalīḍham ca śunā saṃspṛṣṭam eva ca .. 4.208..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.208. Nor that at which the slayer of a learned Brahmana has looked, nor that which has been touched by a
menstruating woman, nor that which has been pecked at by birds or touched by a dog,
गवा चान्नमुपघ्रातं घुष्टान्नं च विशेषतः । गणान्नं गणिकान्नं च विदुषा च जुगुप्सितम् ॥ ४.२०९॥
PADACHEDA
गवा च अन्नम् उपघ्रातम् घुष्टान्नम् च विशेषतः । गण-अन्नम् गणिका-अन्नम् च विदुषा च जुगुप्सितम् ॥ ४।२०९॥
TRANSLITERATION
gavā ca annam upaghrātam ghuṣṭānnam ca viśeṣataḥ . gaṇa-annam gaṇikā-annam ca viduṣā ca jugupsitam .. 4.209..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.209. Nor food at which a cow has smelt, nor particularly that which has been offered by an invitation to all comers, nor that (given) by a multitude or by harlots, nor that which is declared to be had by a learned (man),
स्तेनगायनयोश्चान्नं तक्ष्ह्णो वार्धुषिकस्य च । दीक्षितस्य कदर्यस्य बद्धस्य निगडस्य च ॥ ४.२१०॥
PADACHEDA
स्तेन-गायनयोः च अन्नम् तक्ष्ह्णः वार्धुषिकस्य च । दीक्षितस्य कदर्यस्य बद्धस्य निगडस्य च ॥ ४।२१०॥
TRANSLITERATION
stena-gāyanayoḥ ca annam takṣhṇaḥ vārdhuṣikasya ca . dīkṣitasya kadaryasya baddhasya nigaḍasya ca .. 4.210..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.210. Nor the food (given) by a thief, a musician, a carpenter, a usurer, one who has been initiated (for the performance of a Srauta sacrifice), a miser, one bound with fetters,
अभिशस्तस्य षण्ढस्य पुंश्चल्या दाम्भिकस्य च । शुक्तं पर्युषितं चैव शूद्रस्योच्छिष्टमेव च ॥ ४.२११॥
PADACHEDA
अभिशस्तस्य षण्ढस्य पुंश्चल्याः दाम्भिकस्य च । शुक्तम् पर्युषितम् च एव शूद्रस्य उच्छिष्टम् एव च ॥ ४।२११॥
TRANSLITERATION
abhiśastasya ṣaṇḍhasya puṃścalyāḥ dāmbhikasya ca . śuktam paryuṣitam ca eva śūdrasya ucchiṣṭam eva ca .. 4.211..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.211. By one accused of a mortal sin (Abhisasta), a hermaphrodite, an unchaste woman, or a hypocrite, nor (any sweet thing) that has turned sour, nor what has been kept a whole night, nor (the food) of a Sudra, nor the
leavings (of another man),
4.212. Nor (the food given) by a physician, a hunter, a cruel man, one who eats the fragments (of another’s meal), nor the food of an Ugra, nor that prepared for a woman in childbed, nor that (given at a dinner) where (a
guest rises) prematurely (and) sips water, nor that (given by a woman) whose ten days of impurity have not elapsed,
4.213. Nor (food) given without due respect, nor (that which contains) meat eaten for no sacred purpose, nor (that given) by a female who has no male (relatives), nor the food of an enemy, nor that (given) by the lord of a town, nor that (given) by outcasts, nor that on which anybody has sneezed;
पिशुनानृतिनोश्चान्नं क्रतुविक्रयकस्य च ॥ । शैलूषतुन्नवायान्नं कृतघ्नस्यान्नमेव च ॥ ४.२१४॥
PADACHEDA
पिशुन-अनृतिनोः च अन्नम् क्रतु-विक्रयकस्य च ॥ । शैलूष-तुन्नवाय-अन्नम् कृतघ्नस्य अन्नम् एव च ॥ ४।२१४॥
TRANSLITERATION
piśuna-anṛtinoḥ ca annam kratu-vikrayakasya ca .. . śailūṣa-tunnavāya-annam kṛtaghnasya annam eva ca .. 4.214..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.214. Nor the food (given) by an informer, by one who habitually tells falsehoods, or by one who sells (the rewards for) sacrifices, nor the food (given) by an actor, a tailor, or an ungrateful (man),
मृष्यन्ति ये चोपपतिं स्त्रीजितानां च सर्वशः । अनिर्दशं च प्रेतान्नमतुष्टिकरमेव च ॥ ४.२१७॥
PADACHEDA
मृष्यन्ति ये च उपपतिम् स्त्री-जितानाम् च सर्वशस् । अनिर्दशम् च प्रेत-अन्नम् अतुष्टि-करम् एव च ॥ ४।२१७॥
TRANSLITERATION
mṛṣyanti ye ca upapatim strī-jitānām ca sarvaśas . anirdaśam ca preta-annam atuṣṭi-karam eva ca .. 4.217..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.217. Nor (the food given) by those who knowingly bear with paramours (of their wives), and by those who in all matters are ruled by women, nor food (given by men) whose ten days of impurity on account of a death have not passed, nor that which is unpalatable.
4.218. The food of a king impairs his vigour, the food of a Sudra his excellence in sacred learning, the food of a goldsmith his longevity, that of a leather-cutter his fame;
कारुकान्नं प्रजां हन्ति बलं निर्णेजकस्य च । गणान्नं गणिकान्नं च लोकेभ्यः परिकृन्तति ॥ ४.२१९॥
PADACHEDA
कारुका-अन्नम् प्रजाम् हन्ति बलम् निर्णेजकस्य च । गण-अन्नम् गणिका-अन्नम् च लोकेभ्यः परिकृन्तति ॥ ४।२१९॥
TRANSLITERATION
kārukā-annam prajām hanti balam nirṇejakasya ca . gaṇa-annam gaṇikā-annam ca lokebhyaḥ parikṛntati .. 4.219..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.219. The food of an artisan destroys his offspring, that of a washerman his (bodily) strength; the food of a multitude and of harlots excludes him from (the higher) worlds.
pūyam cikitsakasya annam puṃścalyāḥ tu annam indriyam . viṣṭhā vārdhuṣikasya annam śastra-vikrayiṇaḥ malam .. 4.220..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.220. The food of a physician (is as vile as) pus, that of an unchaste woman (equal to) semen, that of a usurer (as vile as) ordure, and that of a dealer in weapons (as bad as) dirt.
ye ete anye tu abhojya-annāḥ kramaśas parikīrtitāḥ . teṣām tvac-asthi-romāṇi vadanti annam manīṣiṇaḥ .. 4.221..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.221. The food of those other persons who have been successively enumerated as such whose food must not be eaten, the wise declare (to be as impure as) skin, bones, and hair.
bhuktvā atas anyatamasya annam amatyā kṣapaṇam tri-aham . matyā bhuktvā a caret kṛcchram retaḥ-viṣ-mūtram eva ca .. 4.222..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.222. If he has unwittingly eaten the food of one of those, (he must) fast for three days; if he has eaten it intentionally, or (has swallowed) semen, ordure, or urine, he must perform a Krikkhra penance.
na adyāt śūdrasya pakva-annam vidvān aśrāddhinaḥ dvijaḥ . ādadīta āmam eva asmāt avṛttau eka-rātrikam .. 4.223..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.223. A Brahmana who knows (the law) must not eat cooked food (given) by a Sudra who performs no Sraddhas; but, on failure of (other) means of subsistence, he may accept raw (grain), sufficient for one night (and day).
4.224. The gods, having considered (the respective merits) of a niggardly Srotriya and of a liberal usurer,
declared the food of both to be equal (in quality).
4.225. The Lord of created beings (Pragapati) came and spake to them, ’Do not make that equal, which is unequal. The food of that liberal (usurer) is purified by faith; (that of the) of the) other (man) is defiled by a want of faith.’
श्रद्धयेष्टं च पूर्तं च नित्यं कुर्यादतन्द्रितः । श्रद्धाकृते ह्यक्षये ते भवतः स्वागतैर्धनैः ॥ ४.२२६॥
PADACHEDA
श्रद्धया इष्टम् च पूर्तम् च नित्यम् कुर्यात् अतन्द्रितः । श्रद्धा-कृते हि अक्षये ते भवतः स्वागतैः धनैः ॥ ४।२२६॥
TRANSLITERATION
śraddhayā iṣṭam ca pūrtam ca nityam kuryāt atandritaḥ . śraddhā-kṛte hi akṣaye te bhavataḥ svāgataiḥ dhanaiḥ .. 4.226..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.226. Let him, without tiring, always offer sacrifices and perform works of charity with faith; for offerings and charitable works made with faith and with lawfully-earned money, (procure) endless rewards.
4.227. Let him always practise, according to his ability, with a cheerful heart, the duty of liberality, both by sacrifices and by charitable works, if he finds a worthy recipient (for his gifts.)
yat kim cit api dātavyam yācitena anasūyayā . utpatsyate hi tat pātram yat tārayati sarvatas .. 4.228..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.228. If he is asked, let him always give something, be it ever so little, without grudging; for a worthy recipient will (perhaps) be found who saves him from all (guilt).
4.229. A giver of water obtains the satisfaction (of his hunger and thirst), a giver of food imperishable happiness, a giver of sesamum desirable offspring, a giver of a lamp a most excellent eyesight.
4.230. A giver of land obtains land, a giver of gold long life, a giver of a house most excellent mansions, a giver
of silver (rupya) exquisite beauty (rupa),
4.231. A giver of a garment a place in the world of the moon, a giver of a horse (asva) a place in the world of
the Asvins, a giver of a draught-ox great good fortune, a giver of a cow the world of the sun;
4.232. A giver of a carriage or of a bed a wife, a giver of protection supreme dominion, a giver of grain eternal bliss, a giver of the Veda (brahman) union with Brahman;
न विस्मयेत तपसा वदेदिष्ट्वा च नानृतम् । नार्तोऽप्यपवदेद्विप्रान्न दत्वा परिकीर्तयेत् ॥ ४.२३६॥
PADACHEDA
न विस्मयेत तपसा वदेत् इष्ट्वा च न अनृतम् । न आर्तः अपि अपवदेत् विप्रान् न द-त्वा परिकीर्तयेत् ॥ ४।२३६॥
TRANSLITERATION
na vismayeta tapasā vadet iṣṭvā ca na anṛtam . na ārtaḥ api apavadet viprān na da-tvā parikīrtayet .. 4.236..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.236. Let him not be proud of his austerities; let him not utter a falsehood after he has offered a sacrifice; let him not speak ill of Brahmanas, though he be tormented (by them); when he has bestowed (a gift), let him not boast of it.
4.237. By falsehood a sacrifice becomes vain, by self-complacency (the reward for) austerities is lost, longevity by speaking evil of Brahmanas, and (the reward of) a gift by boasting.
4.238. Giving no pain to any creature, let him slowly accumulate spiritual merit, for the sake (of acquiring) a companion to the next world, just as the white ant (gradually raises its) hill.
नामुत्र हि सहायार्थं पिता माता च तिष्ठतः । न पुत्रदारं न ज्ञातिर्धर्मस्तिष्ठति केवलः ॥ ४.२३९॥
PADACHEDA
न अमुत्र हि सहाय-अर्थम् पिता माता च तिष्ठतः । न पुत्र-दारम् न ज्ञातिः धर्मः तिष्ठति केवलः ॥ ४।२३९॥
TRANSLITERATION
na amutra hi sahāya-artham pitā mātā ca tiṣṭhataḥ . na putra-dāram na jñātiḥ dharmaḥ tiṣṭhati kevalaḥ .. 4.239..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.239. For in the next world neither father, nor mother, nor wife, nor sons, nor relations stay to be his
companions; spiritual merit alone remains (with him).
4.241. Leaving the dead body on the ground like a log of wood, or a clod of earth, the relatives depart with
averted faces; but spiritual merit follows the (soul).
4.242. Let him therefore always slowly accumulate spiritual merit, in order (that it may be his) companion (after
death); for with merit as his companion he will traverse a gloom difficult to traverse.
4.243. (That companion) speedily conducts the man who is devoted to duty and effaces his sins by austerities, to
the next world, radiant and clothed with an ethereal body.
uttamān uttamān eva gacchan hīnān tu varjayan . brāhmaṇaḥ śreṣṭha-tām eti pratyavāyena śūdra-tām .. 4.245..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.245. A Brahmana who always connects himself with the most excellent (ones), and shuns all inferior ones, (himself) becomes most distinguished; by an opposite conduct he becomes a Sudra.
4.246. He who is persevering, gentle, (and) patient, shuns the company of men of cruel conduct, and does no
injury (to living creatures), gains, if he constantly lives in that manner, by controlling his organs and by liberality, heavenly bliss.
4.247. He may accept from any (man), fuel, water, roots, fruit, food offered without asking, and honey, likewise
a gift (which consists in) a promise of protection.
āhṛta-abhyudyatām bhikṣām purastāt a pracoditām . mene prajāpatiḥ grāhyām api duṣkṛta-karmaṇaḥ .. 4.248..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.248. The Lord of created beings (Pragapati) has declared that alms freely offered and brought (by the giver himself) may be accepted even from a sinful man, provided (the gift) had not been (asked for or) promised beforehand.
नाश्नन्ति पितरस्तस्य दशवर्षाणि पञ्च च ॥न च हव्यं वहत्यग्निर्यस्तामभ्यवमन्यते ॥ ४.२४९॥
PADACHEDA
न अश्नन्ति पितरः तस्य दश-वर्षाणि पञ्च च ॥न च हव्यम् वहति अग्निः यः ताम् अभ्यवमन्यते ॥ ४।२४९॥
TRANSLITERATION
na aśnanti pitaraḥ tasya daśa-varṣāṇi pañca ca ..na ca havyam vahati agniḥ yaḥ tām abhyavamanyate .. 4.249..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.249. During fifteen years the manes do not eat (the food) of that man who disdains a (freely-offered gift), nor does the fire carry his offerings (to the gods).
शय्याम् गृहान् कुशान् गन्धान् अपः पुष्पम् मणीन् दधि । धानाः मत्स्यान् पयः मांसम् शाकम् च एव न निर्णुदेत् ॥ ४।२५०॥
TRANSLITERATION
śayyām gṛhān kuśān gandhān apaḥ puṣpam maṇīn dadhi . dhānāḥ matsyān payaḥ māṃsam śākam ca eva na nirṇudet .. 4.250..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.250. A couch, a house, Kusa grass, perfumes, water, flowers, jewels, sour milk, grain, fish, sweet milk, meat,
and vegetables let him not reject, (if they are voluntarily offered.)
गुरून् भृत्यान् च उज्जिहीर्षन् अर्चिष्यन् देवता-अतिथीन् । सर्वतस् प्रतिगृह्णीयात् न तु तृप्येत् स्वयम् ततस् ॥ ४।२५१॥
TRANSLITERATION
gurūn bhṛtyān ca ujjihīrṣan arciṣyan devatā-atithīn . sarvatas pratigṛhṇīyāt na tu tṛpyet svayam tatas .. 4.251..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.251. He who desires to relieve his Gurus and those whom he is bound to maintain, or wishes to honour the gods and guests, may accept (gifts) from anybody; but he must not satisfy his (own hunger) with such (presents).
4.252. But if his Gurus are dead, or if he lives separate from them in (another) house, let him, when he seeks a subsistence, accept (presents) from good men alone.
आर्धिकः कुल-मित्रम् च गोपालः दास-नापितौ । एते शूद्रेषु भोज्य-अन्नाः याः च आत्मानम् निवेदयेत् ॥ ४।२५३॥
TRANSLITERATION
ārdhikaḥ kula-mitram ca gopālaḥ dāsa-nāpitau . ete śūdreṣu bhojya-annāḥ yāḥ ca ātmānam nivedayet .. 4.253..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.253. His labourer in tillage, a friend of his family, his cow-herd, his slave, and his barber are, among Sudras, those whose food he may eat, likewise (a poor man) who offers himself (to be his slave).
यादृशः अस्य भवेत् आत्मा यादृशम् च चिकीर्षितम् । यथा च औपचरेत् एनम् तथा आत्मानम् निवेदयेत् ॥ ४।२५४॥
TRANSLITERATION
yādṛśaḥ asya bhavet ātmā yādṛśam ca cikīrṣitam . yathā ca aupacaret enam tathā ātmānam nivedayet .. 4.254..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.254. As his character is, as the work is which he desires to perform, and as the manner is in which he means to serve, even so (a voluntary slave) must offer himself.
4.255. He who describes himself to virtuous (men), in a manner contrary to truth, is the most sinful (wretch) in this world; he is a thief who makes away with his own self.
vāci arthāḥ niyatāḥ sarve vāc-mūlāḥ vāc-viniḥsṛtāḥ . tān tu yaḥ stenayet vācam sa sarva-steya-kṛt naraḥ .. 4.256..
ENGLISH MEANING
4.256. All things (have their nature) determined by speech; speech is their root, and from speech they proceed; but he who is dishonest with respect to speech, is dishonest in everything.
4.257. When he has paid, according to the law, his debts to the great sages, to the manes, and to the gods, let him make over everything to his son and dwell (in his house), not caring for any worldly concerns.
4.259. Thus have been declared the means by which a Brahmana householder must always subsist, and the summary of the ordinances for a Snataka, which cause an increase of holiness and are praiseworthy.
4.260. A Brahmana who, being learned in the lore of the Vedas, conducts himself in this manner and daily destroys his sins, will be exalted in Brahman’s world.
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