5.2. ’How can Death have power over Brahmanas who know the sacred science, the Veda, (and) who fulfil their
duties as they have been explained (by thee), O Lord? ’
5.3. Righteous Bhrigu, the son of Manu, (thus) answered the great sages: ’Hear, (in punishment) of what faults Death seeks to shorten the lives of Brahmanas!’
अनभ्यासेन वेदानामाचारस्य च वर्जनात् । आलस्यादन्नदोषाच्च मृत्युर्विप्राञ्जिघांसति ॥ ५.४॥
PADACHEDA
अनभ्यासेन वेदानाम् आचारस्य च वर्जनात् । आलस्यात् अन्न-दोषात् च मृत्युः विप्रान् जिघांसति ॥ ५।४॥
TRANSLITERATION
anabhyāsena vedānām ācārasya ca varjanāt . ālasyāt anna-doṣāt ca mṛtyuḥ viprān jighāṃsati .. 5.4..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.4. ’Through neglect of the Veda-study, through deviation from the rule of conduct, through remissness (in the fulfilment of duties), and through faults (committed by eating forbidden) food, Death becomes eager to shorten the lives of Brahmanas.
5.6. One should carefully avoid red exudations from trees and (juices) flowing from incisions, the Selu (fruit), and the thickened milk of a cow (which she gives after calving).
वृथा कृसरसंयावं पायसापूपमेव च । अनुपाकृतमांसानि देवान्नानि हवींषि च ॥ ५.७॥
PADACHEDA
वृथा कृसर-संयावम् पायस-अपूपम् एव च । अन् उपाकृत-मांसानि देव-अन्नानि हवींषि च ॥ ५।७॥
TRANSLITERATION
vṛthā kṛsara-saṃyāvam pāyasa-apūpam eva ca . an upākṛta-māṃsāni deva-annāni havīṃṣi ca .. 5.7..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.7. Rice boiled with sesamum, wheat mixed with butter, milk and sugar, milk-rice and flour-cakes which are not prepared for a sacrifice, meat which has not been sprinkled with water while sacred texts were recited, food offered to the gods and sacrificial viands,
5.8. The milk of a cow (or other female animal) within ten days after her calving, that of camels, of one-hoofed
animals, of sheep, of a cow in heat, or of one that has no calf with her,
दधि भक्ष्यं च शुक्तेषु सर्वं च दधिसम्भवम् । यानि चैवाभिषूयन्ते पुष्पमूलफलैः शुभैः ॥ ५.१०॥
PADACHEDA
दधि भक्ष्यम् च शुक्तेषु सर्वम् च दधि-सम्भवम् । यानि च एव अभिषूयन्ते पुष्प-मूल-फलैः शुभैः ॥ ५।१०॥
TRANSLITERATION
dadhi bhakṣyam ca śukteṣu sarvam ca dadhi-sambhavam . yāni ca eva abhiṣūyante puṣpa-mūla-phalaiḥ śubhaiḥ .. 5.10..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.10. Among (things turned) sour, sour milk, and all (food) prepared of it may be eaten, likewise what is
extracted from pure flowers, roots, and fruit.
क्रव्यादः शकुनीन् सर्वान् तथा ग्राम-निवासिनः । अ निर्दिष्टान् च इकशफान् टिट्टिभम् च विवर्जयेत् ॥ ५।११॥
TRANSLITERATION
kravyādaḥ śakunīn sarvān tathā grāma-nivāsinaḥ . a nirdiṣṭān ca ikaśaphān ṭiṭṭibham ca vivarjayet .. 5.11..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.11. Let him avoid all carnivorous birds and those living in villages, and one-hoofed animals which are not specially permitted (to be eaten), and the Tittibha (Parra Jacana),
5.12. The sparrow, the Plava, the Hamsa, the Brahmani duck, the village-cock, the Sarasa crane, the Raggudala, the woodpecker, the parrot, and the starling
प्रतुदाञ्जालपादांश्च कोयष्टिनखविष्किरान् । प्रतुदान्निमज्जतश्च मत्स्यादान् सौनं वल्लूरमेव च ॥ ५.१३॥
PADACHEDA
प्रतुदान् जालपादान् च कोयष्टि-नखविष्किरान् । प्रतुदान् निमज्जतः च मत्स्य-आदान् सौनम् वल्लूरम् एव च ॥ ५।१३॥
TRANSLITERATION
pratudān jālapādān ca koyaṣṭi-nakhaviṣkirān . pratudān nimajjataḥ ca matsya-ādān saunam vallūram eva ca .. 5.13..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.13. Those which feed striking with their beaks, web-footed birds, the Koyashti, those which scratch with their
toes, those which dive and live on fish, meat from a slaughter-house and dried meat,
5.15. He who eats the flesh of any (animal) is called the eater of the flesh of that (particular creature), he who
eats fish is an eater of every (kind of) flesh; let him therefore avoid fish.
पाठीन-रोहितौ आद्यौ नियुक्तौ हव्य-कव्ययोः । राजीवाः सिंहतुण्डाः च स शल्काः च एव सर्वशस् ॥ ५।१६॥
TRANSLITERATION
pāṭhīna-rohitau ādyau niyuktau havya-kavyayoḥ . rājīvāḥ siṃhatuṇḍāḥ ca sa śalkāḥ ca eva sarvaśas .. 5.16..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.16. (But the fish called) Pathina and (that called) Rohita may be eaten, if used for offerings to the gods or to the manes; (one may eat) likewise Ragivas, Simhatundas, and Sasalkas on all (occasions).
न भक्षयेदेकचरानज्ञातांश्च मृगद्विजान् । भक्ष्येष्वपि समुद्दिष्टान् सर्वान् पञ्चनखांस्तथा ॥ ५.१७॥
PADACHEDA
न भक्षयेत् एकचरान् अज्ञातान् च मृग-द्विजान् । भक्ष्येषु अपि समुद्दिष्टान् सर्वान् पञ्चनखान् तथा ॥ ५।१७॥
TRANSLITERATION
na bhakṣayet ekacarān ajñātān ca mṛga-dvijān . bhakṣyeṣu api samuddiṣṭān sarvān pañcanakhān tathā .. 5.17..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.17. Let him not eat solitary or unknown beasts and birds, though they may fall under (the categories of) eatable (creatures), nor any five-toed (animals).
श्वाविधम् शल्यकम् गोधाम् खड्ग-कूर्म-शशान् तथा । भक्ष्यान् पञ्चनखेषु आहुः अन् उष्ट्रान् च एकतोदतः ॥ ५।१८॥
TRANSLITERATION
śvāvidham śalyakam godhām khaḍga-kūrma-śaśān tathā . bhakṣyān pañcanakheṣu āhuḥ an uṣṭrān ca ekatodataḥ .. 5.18..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.18. The porcupine, the hedgehog, the iguana, the rhinoceros, the tortoise, and the hare they declare to be eatable; likewise those (domestic animals) that have teeth in one jaw only, excepting camels.
5.20. He who unwittingly partakes of (any of) these six, shall perform a Samtapana (Krikkhra) or the lunar penance (Kandrayana) of ascetics; in case (he who has eaten) any other (kind of forbidden food) he shall fast for one day (and a night ).
saṃvatsarasya ekam api caret kṛcchram dvijottamaḥ . ajñāta-bhukta-śuddhi-artham jñātasya tu viśeṣataḥ .. 5.21..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.21. Once a year a Brahmana must perform a Krikkhra penance, in order to atone for unintentionally eating (forbidden food) but for intentionally (eating forbidden food he must perform the penances prescribed) specially.
यज्ञ-अर्थम् ब्राह्मणैः वध्याः प्रशस्ताः मृग-पक्षिणः । भृत्यानाम् च एव वृत्ति-अर्थम् अगस्त्यः हि आचरत् पुरा ॥ ५।२२॥
TRANSLITERATION
yajña-artham brāhmaṇaiḥ vadhyāḥ praśastāḥ mṛga-pakṣiṇaḥ . bhṛtyānām ca eva vṛtti-artham agastyaḥ hi ācarat purā .. 5.22..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.22. Beasts and birds recommended (for consumption) may be slain by Brahmanas for sacrifices, and in order
to feed those whom they are bound to maintain; for Agastya did this of old.
बभूवुर्हि पुरोडाशा भक्ष्याणां मृगपक्षिणाम् । पुराणेष्वृषियज्ञेषु ब्रह्मक्षत्रसवेषु च ॥ ५.२३॥
PADACHEDA
बभूवुः हि पुरोडाशाः भक्ष्याणाम् मृग-पक्षिणाम् । पुराणेषु ऋषि-यज्ञेषु ब्रह्म-क्षत्र-सवेषु च ॥ ५।२३॥
TRANSLITERATION
babhūvuḥ hi puroḍāśāḥ bhakṣyāṇām mṛga-pakṣiṇām . purāṇeṣu ṛṣi-yajñeṣu brahma-kṣatra-saveṣu ca .. 5.23..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.23. For in ancient (times) the sacrificial cakes were (made of the flesh) of eatable beasts and birds at the
sacrifices offered by Brahmanas and Kshatriyas.
yat kim cit-sneha-saṃyuktam bhakṣyam bhojyam agarhitam . tat paryuṣitam api ādyam haviḥ-śeṣam ca yat bhavet .. 5.24..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.24. All lawful hard or soft food may be eaten, though stale, (after having been) mixed with fatty (substances), and so may the remains of sacrificial viands.
cira-sthitam api tu ādyam asneha-aktam dvijātibhiḥ . yava-godhūma-jam sarvam payasaḥ ca eva vikriyā .. 5.25..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.25. But all preparations of barley and wheat, as well as preparations of milk, may be eaten by twice-born men without being mixed with fatty (substances), though they may have stood for a long time.
प्रोक्षितम् भक्षयेत् मांसम् ब्राह्मणानाम् च काम्यया । यथाविधि नियुक्तः तु प्राणानाम् एव च अत्यये ॥ ५।२७॥
TRANSLITERATION
prokṣitam bhakṣayet māṃsam brāhmaṇānām ca kāmyayā . yathāvidhi niyuktaḥ tu prāṇānām eva ca atyaye .. 5.27..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.27. One may eat meat when it has been sprinkled with water, while Mantras were recited, when Brahmanas desire (one’s doing it), when one is engaged (in the performance of a rite) according to the law, and when one’s life is in danger.
prāṇasya annam idam sarvam prajāpatiḥ akalpayat . sthāvaram jaṅgamam ca eva sarvam prāṇasya bhojanam .. 5.28..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.28. The Lord of creatures (Pragapati) created this whole (world to be) the sustenance of the vital spirit; both the immovable and the movable (creation is) the food of the vital spirit.
चराणाम् अन्नम् अचराः दंष्ट्रिणाम् अपि अदंष्ट्रिणः । अहस्ताः च स हस्तानाम् शूराणाम् च एव भीरवः ॥ ५।२९॥
TRANSLITERATION
carāṇām annam acarāḥ daṃṣṭriṇām api adaṃṣṭriṇaḥ . ahastāḥ ca sa hastānām śūrāṇām ca eva bhīravaḥ .. 5.29..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.29. What is destitute of motion is the food of those endowed with locomotion; (animals) without fangs (are the food) of those with fangs, those without hands of those who possess hands, and the timid of the bold.
न अत्ता दुष्यति अद्-अन्नाद्यान् प्राणिनः अहनि अहनि अपि । धात्रा एव सृष्टाः हि आद्याः च प्राणिनः अत्तारः एव च ॥ ५।३०॥
TRANSLITERATION
na attā duṣyati ad-annādyān prāṇinaḥ ahani ahani api . dhātrā eva sṛṣṭāḥ hi ādyāḥ ca prāṇinaḥ attāraḥ eva ca .. 5.30..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.30. The eater who daily even devours those destined to be his food, commits no sin; for the creator himself created both the eaters and those who are to be eaten (for those special purposes).
yajñāya jagdhiḥ māṃsasya iti eṣa daivaḥ vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ . atas anyathā pravṛttiḥ tu rākṣasaḥ vidhiḥ ucyate .. 5.31..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.31. ’The consumption of meat (is befitting) for sacrifices,’ that is declared to be a rule made by the gods; but to persist (in using it) on other (occasions) is said to be a proceeding worthy of Rakshasas.
क्रीत्वा स्वयं वाऽप्युत्पाद्य परोपकृतमेव वा । देवान् पितॄंश्चार्चयित्वा खादन् मांसं न दुष्यति ॥ ५.३२॥
PADACHEDA
क्रीत्वा स्वयम् वा अपि उत्पाद्य पर-उपकृतम् एव वा । देवान् पितॄन् च अर्चयित्वा खादन् मांसम् न दुष्यति ॥ ५।३२॥
TRANSLITERATION
krītvā svayam vā api utpādya para-upakṛtam eva vā . devān pitṝn ca arcayitvā khādan māṃsam na duṣyati .. 5.32..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.32. He who eats meat, when he honours the gods and manes, commits no sin, whether he has bought it, or himself has killed (the animal), or has received it as a present from others.
न अद्यात् अविधिना मांसम् विधि-ज्ञः अनापदि द्विजः । जग्ध्वा हि अविधिना मांसम् प्रेतः तैः अद्यते अवशः ॥ ५।३३॥
TRANSLITERATION
na adyāt avidhinā māṃsam vidhi-jñaḥ anāpadi dvijaḥ . jagdhvā hi avidhinā māṃsam pretaḥ taiḥ adyate avaśaḥ .. 5.33..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.33. A twice-born man who knows the law, must not eat meat except in conformity with the law; for if he has eaten it unlawfully, he will, unable to save himself, be eaten after death by his (victims).
नियुक्तस्तु यथान्यायं यो मांसं नात्ति मानवः । स प्रेत्य पशुतां याति सम्भवानेकविंशतिम् ॥ ५.३५॥
PADACHEDA
नियुक्तः तु यथान्यायम् यः मांसम् न अत्ति मानवः । स प्रेत्य पशु-ताम् याति सम्भवान् एकविंशतिम् ॥ ५।३५॥
TRANSLITERATION
niyuktaḥ tu yathānyāyam yaḥ māṃsam na atti mānavaḥ . sa pretya paśu-tām yāti sambhavān ekaviṃśatim .. 5.35..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.35. But a man who, being duly engaged (to officiate or to dine at a sacred rite), refuses to eat meat, becomes after death an animal during twenty-one existences.
a saṃskṛtān paśūn mantraiḥ na adyāt vipraḥ kadā cana . mantraiḥ tu saṃskṛtān adyāt śāśvatam vidhim āsthitaḥ .. 5.36..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.36. A Brahmana must never eat (the flesh of animals unhallowed by Mantras; but, obedient to the primeval law, he may eat it, consecrated with Vedic texts.
कुर्याद्घृतपशुं सङ्गे कुर्यात्पिष्टपशुं तथा । न त्वेव तु वृथा हन्तुं पशुमिच्छेत्कदा चन ॥ ५.३७॥
PADACHEDA
कुर्यात् घृतपशुम् सङ्गे कुर्यात् पिष्टपशुम् तथा । न तु एव तु वृथा हन्तुम् पशुम् इच्छेत् कदा चन ॥ ५।३७॥
TRANSLITERATION
kuryāt ghṛtapaśum saṅge kuryāt piṣṭapaśum tathā . na tu eva tu vṛthā hantum paśum icchet kadā cana .. 5.37..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.37. If he has a strong desire (for meat) he may make an animal of clarified butter or one of flour, (and eat
that); but let him never seek to destroy an animal without a (lawful) reason.
yajña-artham paśavaḥ sṛṣṭāḥ svayam eva svayambhuvā . yajñaḥ asya bhūtyai sarvasya tasmāt yajñe vadhaḥ a vadhaḥ .. 5.39..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.39. Svayambhu (the Self-existent) himself created animals for the sake of sacrifices; sacrifices (have been instituted) for the good of this whole (world); hence the slaughtering (of beasts) for sacrifices is not slaughtering (in the ordinary sense of the word).
मधुपर्के च यज्ञे च पितृदैवतकर्मणि । अत्रैव पशवो हिंस्या नान्यत्रैत्यब्रवीन् मनुः ॥ ५.४१॥
PADACHEDA
मधुपर्के च यज्ञे च पितृ-दैवत-कर्मणि । अत्र एव पशवः हिंस्याः न अन्यत्र एति अब्रवीत् मनुः ॥ ५।४१॥
TRANSLITERATION
madhuparke ca yajñe ca pitṛ-daivata-karmaṇi . atra eva paśavaḥ hiṃsyāḥ na anyatra eti abravīt manuḥ .. 5.41..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.41. On offering the honey-mixture (to a guest), at a sacrifice and at the rites in honour of the manes, but on these occasions only, may an animal be slain; that (rule) Manu proclaimed.
एषु अर्थेषु पशून् हिंसन् वेद-तत्त्व-अर्थ-विद् द्विजः । आत्मानम् च पशुम् च एव गमयति उत्तमम् गतिम् ॥ ५।४२॥
TRANSLITERATION
eṣu artheṣu paśūn hiṃsan veda-tattva-artha-vid dvijaḥ . ātmānam ca paśum ca eva gamayati uttamam gatim .. 5.42..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.42. A twice-born man who, knowing the true meaning of the Veda, slays an animal for these purposes, causes both himself and the animal to enter a most blessed state.
गृहे गुरौ अरण्ये वा निवसन् आत्मवान् द्विजः । न अ वेद-विहिताम् हिंसाम् आपदि अपि समाचरेत् ॥ ५।४३॥
TRANSLITERATION
gṛhe gurau araṇye vā nivasan ātmavān dvijaḥ . na a veda-vihitām hiṃsām āpadi api samācaret .. 5.43..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.43. A twice-born man of virtuous disposition, whether he dwells in (his own) house, with a teacher, or in the forest, must never, even in times of distress, cause an injury (to any creature) which is not sanctioned by the Veda.
या वेदविहिता हिंसा नियताऽस्मिंश्चराचरे । अहिंसामेव तां विद्याद्वेदाद्धर्मो हि निर्बभौ ॥ ५.४४॥
PADACHEDA
या वेद-विहिता हिंसा नियता अस्मिन् चराचरे । अहिंसाम् एव ताम् विद्यात् वेदात् धर्मः हि निर्बभौ ॥ ५।४४॥
TRANSLITERATION
yā veda-vihitā hiṃsā niyatā asmin carācare . ahiṃsām eva tām vidyāt vedāt dharmaḥ hi nirbabhau .. 5.44..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.44. Know that the injury to moving creatures and to those destitute of motion, which the Veda has prescribed for certain occasions, is no injury at all; for the sacred law shone forth from the Veda.
यो बन्धनवधक्लेशान् प्राणिनां न चिकीर्षति । स सर्वस्य हितप्रेप्सुः सुखमत्यन्तमश्नुते ॥ ५.४६॥
PADACHEDA
यः बन्धन-वध-क्लेशान् प्राणिनाम् न चिकीर्षति । स सर्वस्य हित-प्रेप्सुः सुखम् अत्यन्तम् अश्नुते ॥ ५।४६॥
TRANSLITERATION
yaḥ bandhana-vadha-kleśān prāṇinām na cikīrṣati . sa sarvasya hita-prepsuḥ sukham atyantam aśnute .. 5.46..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.46. He who does not seek to cause the sufferings of bonds and death to living creatures, (but) desires the good of all (beings), obtains endless bliss.
नाकृत्वा प्राणिनां हिंसां मांसमुत्पद्यते क्व चित् । न च प्राणिवधः स्वर्ग्यस्तस्मान् मांसं विवर्जयेत् ॥ ५.४८॥
PADACHEDA
न अ कृत्वा प्राणिनाम् हिंसाम् मांसम् उत्पद्यते क्व चित् । न च प्राणि-वधः स्वर्ग्यः तस्मात् मांसम् विवर्जयेत् ॥ ५।४८॥
TRANSLITERATION
na a kṛtvā prāṇinām hiṃsām māṃsam utpadyate kva cit . na ca prāṇi-vadhaḥ svargyaḥ tasmāt māṃsam vivarjayet .. 5.48..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.48. Meat can never be obtained without injury to living creatures, and injury to sentient beings is detrimental
to (the attainment of) heavenly bliss; let him therefore shun (the use of) meat.
समुत्पत्तिं च मांसस्य वधबन्धौ च देहिनाम् । प्रसमीक्ष्य निवर्तेत सर्वमांसस्य भक्षणात् ॥ ५.४९॥
PADACHEDA
समुत्पत्तिम् च मांसस्य वध-बन्धौ च देहिनाम् । प्रसमीक्ष्य निवर्तेत सर्व-मांसस्य भक्षणात् ॥ ५।४९॥
TRANSLITERATION
samutpattim ca māṃsasya vadha-bandhau ca dehinām . prasamīkṣya nivarteta sarva-māṃsasya bhakṣaṇāt .. 5.49..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.49. Having well considered the (disgusting) origin of flesh and the (cruelty of) fettering and slaying corporeal
beings, let him entirely abstain from eating flesh.
अनुमन्ता विशसिता निहन्ता क्रय-विक्रयी । संस्कर्ता च उपहर्ता च खादकः च इति घातकाः ॥ ५।५१॥
TRANSLITERATION
anumantā viśasitā nihantā kraya-vikrayī . saṃskartā ca upahartā ca khādakaḥ ca iti ghātakāḥ .. 5.51..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.51. He who permits (the slaughter of an animal), he who cuts it up, he who kills it, he who buys or sells (meat), he who cooks it, he who serves it up, and he who eats it, (must all be considered as) the slayers (of the animal).
sva-māṃsam para-māṃsena yaḥ vardhayitum icchati . an abhyarcya pitṝn devān tatas anyaḥ nā asti apuṇya-kṛt .. 5.52..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.52. There is no greater sinner than that (man) who, though not worshipping the gods or the manes, seeks to increase (the bulk of) his own flesh by the flesh of other (beings).
वर्षे वर्षेऽश्वमेधेन यो यजेत शतं समाः । मांसानि च न खादेद्यस्तयोः पुण्यफलं समम् ॥ ५.५३॥
PADACHEDA
वर्षे वर्षे अश्वमेधेन यः यजेत शतम् समाः । मांसानि च न खादेत् यः तयोः पुण्य-फलम् समम् ॥ ५।५३॥
TRANSLITERATION
varṣe varṣe aśvamedhena yaḥ yajeta śatam samāḥ . māṃsāni ca na khādet yaḥ tayoḥ puṇya-phalam samam .. 5.53..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.53. He who during a hundred years annually offers a horse-sacrifice, and he who entirely abstains from meat, obtain the same reward for their meritorious (conduct).
फलमूलाशनैर्मेध्यैर्मुन्यन्नानां च भोजनैः । न तत्फलमवाप्नोति यत्मांसपरिवर्जनात् ॥ ५.५४॥
PADACHEDA
फल-मूल-अशनैः मेध्यैः मुनि-अन्नानाम् च भोजनैः । न तत् फलम् अवाप्नोति यत् मांस-परिवर्जनात् ॥ ५।५४॥
TRANSLITERATION
phala-mūla-aśanaiḥ medhyaiḥ muni-annānām ca bhojanaiḥ . na tat phalam avāpnoti yat māṃsa-parivarjanāt .. 5.54..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.54. By subsisting on pure fruit and roots, and by eating food fit for ascetics (in the forest), one does not gain
(so great) a reward as by entirely avoiding (the use of) flesh.
5.55. ’Me he (mam sah)’ will devour in the next (world), whose flesh I eat in this (life); the wise declare this (to
be) the real meaning of the word ’flesh’ (mamsah).
न मांसभक्षणे दोषो न मद्ये न च मैथुने । प्रवृत्तिरेषा भूतानां निवृत्तिस्तु महाफला ॥ ५.५६॥
PADACHEDA
न मांस-भक्षणे दोषः न मद्ये न च मैथुने । प्रवृत्तिः एषा भूतानाम् निवृत्तिः तु महा-फला ॥ ५।५६॥
TRANSLITERATION
na māṃsa-bhakṣaṇe doṣaḥ na madye na ca maithune . pravṛttiḥ eṣā bhūtānām nivṛttiḥ tu mahā-phalā .. 5.56..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.56. There is no sin in eating meat, in (drinking) spirituous liquor, and in carnal intercourse, for that is the natural way of created beings, but abstention brings great rewards.
दन्तजातेऽनुजाते च कृतचूडे च संस्थिते । अशुद्धा बान्धवाः सर्वे सूतके च तथौच्यते ॥ ५.५८॥
PADACHEDA
दन्त-जाते अनुजाते च कृत-चूडे च संस्थिते । अशुद्धाः बान्धवाः सर्वे सूतके च तथा उच्यते ॥ ५।५८॥
TRANSLITERATION
danta-jāte anujāte ca kṛta-cūḍe ca saṃsthite . aśuddhāḥ bāndhavāḥ sarve sūtake ca tathā ucyate .. 5.58..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.58. When (a child) dies that has teethed, or that before teething has received (the sacrament of) the tonsure (Kudakarana) or (of the initiation), all relatives (become) impure, and on the birth (of a child) the same (rule) is prescribed.
5.59. It is ordained (that) among Sapindas the impurity on account of a death (shall last) ten days, (or) until the bones have been collected, (or) three days or one day only.
sapiṇḍa-tā tu puruṣe saptame vinivartate . samānodaka-bhāvaḥ tu janma-nāmnoḥ avedane .. 5.60..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.60. But the Sapinda-relationship ceases with the seventh person (in the ascending and descending lines), the Samanodaka-relationship when the (common) origin and the (existence of a common family)-name are no (longer) known.
yathā edam śāvam āśaucam sapiṇḍeṣu vidhīyate . janane api evam eva syāt nipuṇam śuddhim icchatām .. 5.61..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.61. As this impurity on account of a death is prescribed for (all) Sapindas, even so it shall be (held) on a birth by those who desire to be absolutely pure.
sarveṣām śāvam āśaucam mātā-pitroḥ tu sūtakam . sūtakam mātuḥ eva syāt upaspṛśya pitā śuciḥ .. 5.62..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.62. (Or while) the impurity on account of a death is common to all (Sapindas), that caused by a birth (falls) on the parents alone; (or) it shall fall on the mother alone, and the father shall become pure by bathing;
nirasya tu pumān śukram upaspṛsya eva śudhyati . baijikāt abhisambandhāt anurundhyāt agham tri-aham .. 5.63..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.63. But a man, having spent his strength, is purified merely by bathing; after begetting a child (on a remarried female), he shall retain the impurity during three days.
अह्ना चैकेन रात्र्या च त्रिरात्रैरेव च त्रिभिः । शवस्पृशो विशुध्यन्ति त्र्यहादुदकदायिनः ॥ ५.६४॥
PADACHEDA
अह्ना च एकेन रात्र्या च त्रिरात्रैः एव च त्रिभिः । शव-स्पृशः विशुध्यन्ति त्रि-अहात् उदक-दायिनः ॥ ५।६४॥
TRANSLITERATION
ahnā ca ekena rātryā ca trirātraiḥ eva ca tribhiḥ . śava-spṛśaḥ viśudhyanti tri-ahāt udaka-dāyinaḥ .. 5.64..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.64. Those who have touched a corpse are purified after one day and night (added to) three periods of three days; those who give libations of water, after three days.
guroḥ pretasya śiṣyaḥ tu pitṛmedham samācaran . preta-āhāraiḥ samam tatra daśa-rātreṇa śudhyati .. 5.65..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.65. A pupil who performs the Pitrimedha for his deceased teacher, becomes also pure after ten days, just like those who carry the corpse out (to the burial-ground).
5.66. (A woman) is purified on a miscarriage in as many (days and) nights as months (elapsed after conception), and a menstruating female becomes pure by bathing after the menstrual secretion has ceased (to flow).
5.67. (On the death) of children whose tonsure (Kudakarman) has not been performed, the (Sapindas) are declared to become pure in one (day and) night; (on the death) of those who have received the tonsure (but not
the initiation, the law) ordains (that) the purification (takes place) after three days.
5.68. A child that has died before the completion of its second year, the relatives shall carry out (of the village),
decked (with flowers, and bury it) in pure ground, without collecting the bones (afterwards).
नास्य कार्योऽग्निसंस्कारो न च कार्यौदकक्रिया । अरण्ये काष्ठवत्त्यक्त्वा क्षपेत त्र्यहमेव च ॥ ५.६९॥
PADACHEDA
न अस्य कार्यः अग्निसंस्कारः न च कार्या औदक-क्रिया । अरण्ये काष्ठ-वत् त्यक्त्वा क्षपेत त्रि-अहम् एव च ॥ ५।६९॥
TRANSLITERATION
na asya kāryaḥ agnisaṃskāraḥ na ca kāryā audaka-kriyā . araṇye kāṣṭha-vat tyaktvā kṣapeta tri-aham eva ca .. 5.69..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.69. Such (a child) shall not be burnt with fire, and no libations of water shall be offered to it; leaving it like a
(log of) wood in the forest, (the relatives) shall remain impure during three days only.
न अ त्रिवर्षस्य कर्तव्या बान्धवैः उदकक्रिया । जात-दन्तस्य वा कुर्युः नाम्नि वा अपि कृते सति ॥ ५।७०॥
TRANSLITERATION
na a trivarṣasya kartavyā bāndhavaiḥ udakakriyā . jāta-dantasya vā kuryuḥ nāmni vā api kṛte sati .. 5.70..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.70. The relatives shall not offer libations to (a child) that has not reached the third year; but if it had teeth, or
the ceremony of naming it (Namakarman) had been performed, (the offering of water is) optional.
5.71. If a fellow-student has died, the Smriti prescribes an impurity of one day; on a birth the purification of the
Samanodakas is declared (to take place) after three (days and) nights.
strīṇām asaṃskṛtānām tu tri-ahāt śudhyanti bāndhavāḥ . yathā uktena eva kalpena śudhyanti tu sanābhayaḥ .. 5.72..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.72. (On the death) of females (betrothed but) not married (the bridegroom and his) relatives are purified after three days, and the paternal relatives become pure according to the same rule.
5.74. The above rule regarding impurity on account of a death has been prescribed (for cases where the kinsmen live) near (the deceased); (Sapinda) kinsmen and (Samanodaka) relatives must know the following rule (to refer to cases where deceased lived) at a distance (from them).
vigatam tu videśa-stham śṛṇuyāt yaḥ hi anirdaśam . yat śeṣam daśa-rātrasya tāvat eva aśuciḥ bhavet .. 5.75..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.75. He who may hear that (a relative) residing in a distant country has died, before ten (days after his death have elapsed), shall be impure for the remainder of the period of ten (days and) nights only.
atikrānte daśa-ahe ca tri-rātram aśuciḥ bhavet . saṃvatsare vyatīte tu spṛṣṭvā eva apaḥ viśudhyati .. 5.76..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.76. If the ten days have passed, he shall be impure during three (days and) nights; but if a year has elapsed (since the occurrence of the death), he becomes pure merely by bathing.
निर्दशं ज्ञातिमरणं श्रुत्वा पुत्रस्य जन्म च । सवासा जलमाप्लुत्य शुद्धो भवति मानवः ॥ ५.७७॥
PADACHEDA
निर्दशम् ज्ञाति-मरणम् श्रुत्वा पुत्रस्य जन्म च । स वासाः जलम् आप्लुत्य शुद्धः भवति मानवः ॥ ५।७७॥
TRANSLITERATION
nirdaśam jñāti-maraṇam śrutvā putrasya janma ca . sa vāsāḥ jalam āplutya śuddhaḥ bhavati mānavaḥ .. 5.77..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.77. A man who hears of a (Sapinda) relative’s death, or of the birth of a son after the ten days (of impurity have passed), becomes pure by bathing, dressed in his garments.
बाले देशान्तरस्थे च पृथक्पिण्डे च संस्थिते । सवासा जलमाप्लुत्य सद्य एव विशुध्यति ॥ ५.७८॥
PADACHEDA
बाले देश-अन्तर-स्थे च पृथक् पिण्डे च संस्थिते । स वासाः जलम् आप्लुत्य सद्यस् एव विशुध्यति ॥ ५।७८॥
TRANSLITERATION
bāle deśa-antara-sthe ca pṛthak piṇḍe ca saṃsthite . sa vāsāḥ jalam āplutya sadyas eva viśudhyati .. 5.78..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.78. If an infant (that has not teethed), or a (grownup relative who is) not a Sapinda, die in a distant country, one becomes at once pure after bathing in one’s clothes.
5.79. If within the ten days (of impurity) another birth or death happens, a Brahmana shall remain impure only until the (first) period of ten days has expired.
त्रिरात्रमाहुराशौचमाचार्ये संस्थिते सति । तस्य पुत्रे च पत्न्यां च दिवारात्रमिति स्थितिः ॥ ५.८०॥
PADACHEDA
त्रि-रात्रम् आहुः आशौचम् आचार्ये संस्थिते सति । तस्य पुत्रे च पत्न्याम् च दिवारात्रम् इति स्थितिः ॥ ५।८०॥
TRANSLITERATION
tri-rātram āhuḥ āśaucam ācārye saṃsthite sati . tasya putre ca patnyām ca divārātram iti sthitiḥ .. 5.80..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.80. They declare that, when the teacher (akarya) has died, the impurity (lasts) three days; if the (teacher’s) son
or wife (is dead, it lasts) a day and a night; that is a settled (rule).
śrotriye tu upasampanne tri-rātram aśuciḥ bhavet . mātule pakṣiṇīm rātrim śiṣya-ṛtvij-bāndhaveṣu ca .. 5.81..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.81. For a Srotriya who resides with (him out of affection), a man shall be impure for three days; for a maternal uncle, a pupil, an officiating priest, or a maternal relative, for one night together with the preceding and following days.
5.82. If the king in whose realm he resides is dead, (he shall be impure) as long as the light (of the sun or stars shines), but for (an intimate friend) who is not a Srotriya (the impurity lasts) for a whole day, likewise for a Guru who knows the Veda and the Angas.
न वर्धयेदघाहानि प्रत्यूहेन्नाग्निषु क्रियाः । न च तत्कर्म कुर्वाणः सनाभ्योऽप्यशुचिर्भवेत् ॥ ५.८४॥
PADACHEDA
न वर्धयेत् अघ-अहानि प्रत्यूहेत् न अग्निषु क्रियाः । न च तत् कर्म कुर्वाणः सनाभ्यः अपि अशुचिः भवेत् ॥ ५।८४॥
TRANSLITERATION
na vardhayet agha-ahāni pratyūhet na agniṣu kriyāḥ . na ca tat karma kurvāṇaḥ sanābhyaḥ api aśuciḥ bhavet .. 5.84..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.84. Let him not (unnecessarily) lengthen the period of impurity, nor interrupt the rites to be performed with the sacred fires; for he who performs that (Agnihotra) rite will not be impure, though (he be) a (Sapinda) relative.
दिवाकीर्तिमुदक्यां च पतितं सूतिकां तथा । शवं तत्स्पृष्टिनं चैव स्पृष्ट्वा स्नानेन शुध्यति ॥ ५.८५॥
PADACHEDA
दिवाकीर्तिम् उदक्याम् च पतितम् सूतिकाम् तथा । शवम् तद्-स्पृष्टिनम् च एव स्पृष्ट्वा स्नानेन शुध्यति ॥ ५।८५॥
TRANSLITERATION
divākīrtim udakyām ca patitam sūtikām tathā . śavam tad-spṛṣṭinam ca eva spṛṣṭvā snānena śudhyati .. 5.85..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.85. When he has touched a Kandala, a menstruating woman, an outcast, a woman in childbed, a corpse, or one
who has touched a (corpse), he becomes pure by bathing.
5.86. He who has purified himself by sipping water shall, on seeing any impure (thing or person), always mutter
the sacred texts, addressed to Surya, and the Pavamani (verses).
नारम् स्पृष्ट्वा अस्थि स स्नेहम् स्नात्वा विप्रः विशुध्यति । आचम्य एव तु निःस्नेहम् गाम् आलभ्य अर्कम् ईक्ष्य वा ॥ ५।८७॥
TRANSLITERATION
nāram spṛṣṭvā asthi sa sneham snātvā vipraḥ viśudhyati . ācamya eva tu niḥsneham gām ālabhya arkam īkṣya vā .. 5.87..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.87. A Brahmana who has touched a human bone to which fat adheres, becomes pure by bathing; if it be free
from fat, by sipping water and by touching (afterwards) a cow or looking at the sun.
आदिष्टी न उदकम् कुर्यात् आ व्रतस्य समापनात् । समाप्ते तु उदकम् कृत्वा त्रि-रात्रेण एव शुध्यति ॥ ५।८८॥
TRANSLITERATION
ādiṣṭī na udakam kuryāt ā vratasya samāpanāt . samāpte tu udakam kṛtvā tri-rātreṇa eva śudhyati .. 5.88..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.88. He who has undertaken the performance of a vow shall not pour out libations (to the dead) until the vow has been completed; but when he has offered water after its completion, he becomes pure in three days only.
वृथासङ्करजातानां प्रव्रज्यासु च तिष्ठताम् ॥आत्मनस्त्यागिनां चैव निवर्तेतोदकक्रिया ॥ ५.८९॥
PADACHEDA
वृथा सङ्कर-जातानाम् प्रव्रज्यासु च तिष्ठताम् ॥आत्मनः त्यागिनाम् च एव निवर्तेत उदकक्रिया ॥ ५।८९॥
TRANSLITERATION
vṛthā saṅkara-jātānām pravrajyāsu ca tiṣṭhatām ..ātmanaḥ tyāginām ca eva nivarteta udakakriyā .. 5.89..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.89. Libations of water shall not be offered to those who (neglect the prescribed rites and may be said to) have been born in vain, to those born in consequence of an illegal mixture of the castes, to those who are ascetics (of
heretical sects), and to those who have committed suicide,
पाषण्डमाश्रितानां च चरन्तीनां च कामतः । गर्भभर्तृद्रुहां चैव सुरापीनां च योषिताम् ॥ ५.९०॥
PADACHEDA
पाषण्डम् आश्रितानाम् च चरन्तीनाम् च कामतः । गर्भ-भर्तृ-द्रुहाम् च एव सुरापीनाम् च योषिताम् ॥ ५।९०॥
TRANSLITERATION
pāṣaṇḍam āśritānām ca carantīnām ca kāmataḥ . garbha-bhartṛ-druhām ca eva surāpīnām ca yoṣitām .. 5.90..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.90. To women who have joined a heretical sect, who through lust live (with many men), who have caused an abortion, have killed their husbands, or drink spirituous liquor
ācāryam svam upādhyāyam pitaram mātaram gurum . nirhṛtya tu vratī pretāt na vratena viyujyate .. 5.91..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.91. A student does not break his vow by carrying out (to the place of cremation) his own dead teacher (akarya), sub-teacher (upadhyaya), father, mother, or Guru.
5.92. Let him carry out a dead Sudra by the southern gate of the town, but (the corpses of) twice-born men, as is proper, by the western, northern, or eastern (gates).
न राज्ञामघदोषोऽस्ति व्रतिनां न च सत्त्रिणाम् । ऐन्द्रं स्थानमुपासीना ब्रह्मभूता हि ते सदा ॥ ५.९३॥
PADACHEDA
न राज्ञाम् अघ-दोषः अस्ति व्रतिनाम् न च सत्त्रिणाम् । ऐन्द्रम् स्थानम् उपासीनाः ब्रह्म-भूताः हि ते सदा ॥ ५।९३॥
TRANSLITERATION
na rājñām agha-doṣaḥ asti vratinām na ca sattriṇām . aindram sthānam upāsīnāḥ brahma-bhūtāḥ hi te sadā .. 5.93..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.93. The taint of impurity does not fall on kings, and those engaged in the performance of a vow, or of a Sattra;
for the (first are) seated on the throne of Indra, and the (last two are) ever pure like Brahman.
5.94. For a king, on the throne of magnanimity, immediate purification is prescribed, and the reason for that is
that he is seated (there) for the protection of (his) subjects.
डिम्बाहवहतानां च विद्युता पार्थिवेन च । गोब्राह्मणस्य चेवार्थे यस्य चैच्छति पार्थिवः ॥ ५.९५॥
PADACHEDA
डिम्ब-आहव-हतानाम् च विद्युता पार्थिवेन च । गो-ब्राह्मणस्य च इव अर्थे यस्य च एच्छति पार्थिवः ॥ ५।९५॥
TRANSLITERATION
ḍimba-āhava-hatānām ca vidyutā pārthivena ca . go-brāhmaṇasya ca iva arthe yasya ca ecchati pārthivaḥ .. 5.95..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.95. (The same rule applies to the kinsmen) of those who have fallen in a riot or a battle, (of those who have been killed) by lightning or by the king, and (of those who perished fighting) for cows and Brahmanas, and to those whom the king wishes (to be pure).
5.96. A king is an incarnation of the eight guardian deities of the world, the Moon, the Fire, the Sun, the Wind, Indra, the Lords of wealth and water (Kubera and Varuna), and Yama.
लोकेशाधिष्ठितो राजा नास्याशौचं विधीयते । शौचाशौचं हि मर्त्यानां लोकेभ्यः प्रभवाप्ययौ ॥ ५.९७॥
PADACHEDA
लोकेश-अधिष्ठितः राजा न अस्य आशौचम् विधीयते । शौच-आशौचम् हि मर्त्यानाम् लोकेभ्यः प्रभव-अप्ययौ ॥ ५।९७॥
TRANSLITERATION
lokeśa-adhiṣṭhitaḥ rājā na asya āśaucam vidhīyate . śauca-āśaucam hi martyānām lokebhyaḥ prabhava-apyayau .. 5.97..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.97. Because the king is pervaded by those lords of the world, no impurity is ordained for him; for purity and impurity of mortals is caused and removed by (those) lords of the world.
5.98. By him who is slain in battle with brandished weapons according to the law of the Kshatriyas, a (Srauta) sacrifice is instantly completed, and so is the period of impurity (caused by his death); that is a settled rule.
5.99. (At the end of the period of impurity) a Brahmana who has performed the necessary rites, becomes pure by touching water, a Kshatriya by touching the animal on which he rides, and his weapons, a Vaisya by touching his goad or the nose-string (of his oxen), a Sudra by touching his staff.
5.100. Thus the purification (required) on (the death of) Sapindas has been explained to you, O best of twice- born men; hear now the manner in which men are purified on the death of any (relative who is) not a Sapinda.
5.101. A Brahmana, having carried out a dead Brahmana who is not a Sapinda, as (if he were) a (near) relative, or a near relative of his mother, becomes pure after three days;
यदि अन्नम् अत्ति तेषाम् तु दश-अहेन एव शुध्यति । अनदान् अन्नम् अह्ना एव न चेद् तस्मिन् गृहे वसेत् ॥ ५।१०२॥
TRANSLITERATION
yadi annam atti teṣām tu daśa-ahena eva śudhyati . anadān annam ahnā eva na ced tasmin gṛhe vaset .. 5.102..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.102. But if he eats the food of the (Sapindas of the deceased), he is purified in ten days, (but) in one day, if he does not eat their food nor dwells in their house.
anugamya icchayā pretam jñātim ajñātim eva vā. snātvā sa cailam spṛṣṭvā agnim ghṛtam prāśya viśuddhi-ati .. 5.103..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.103. Having voluntarily followed a corpse, whether (that of) a paternal kinsman or (of) a stranger, he becomes
pure by bathing, dressed in his clothes, by touching fire and eating clarified butter.
न विप्रम् स्वेषु तिष्ठत्सु मृतम् शूद्रेण नाययेत् । अस्वर्ग्या हि आहुतिः सा स्यात् शूद्र-संस्पर्श-दूषिता ॥ ५।१०४॥
TRANSLITERATION
na vipram sveṣu tiṣṭhatsu mṛtam śūdreṇa nāyayet . asvargyā hi āhutiḥ sā syāt śūdra-saṃsparśa-dūṣitā .. 5.104..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.104. Let him not allow a dead Brahmana to be carried out by a Sudra, while men of the same caste are at hand; for that burnt-offering which is defiled by a Sudra’s touch is detrimental to (the deceased’s passage to)
heaven.
5.105. The knowledge (of Brahman) austerities, fire, (holy) food, earth, (restraint of) the internal organ, water,
smearing (with cowdung), the wind, sacred rites, the sun, and time are the purifiers of corporeal (beings).
सर्वेषाम् एव शौचानाम् अर्थ-शौचम् परम् स्मृतम् । यः अर्थे शुचिः हि स शुचिः न मृद्-वारि-शुचिः शुचिः ॥ ५।१०६॥
TRANSLITERATION
sarveṣām eva śaucānām artha-śaucam param smṛtam . yaḥ arthe śuciḥ hi sa śuciḥ na mṛd-vāri-śuciḥ śuciḥ .. 5.106..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.106. Among all modes of purification, purity in (the acquisition of) wealth is declared to be the best; for he is pure who gains wealth with clean hands, not he who purifies himself with earth and water.
5.107. The learned are purified by a forgiving disposition, those who have committed forbidden actions by liberality, secret sinners by muttering (sacred texts), and those who best know the Veda by austerities.
5.108. By earth and water is purified what ought to be made pure, a river by its current, a woman whose thoughts have been impure by the menstrual secretion, a Brahmana by abandoning the world (samnyasa).
5.109. The body is cleansed by water, the internal organ is purified by truthfulness, the individual soul by sacred
learning and austerities, the intellect by (true) knowledge.
5.110. Thus the precise rules for the purification of the body have been declared to you; hear now the decision
(of the law) regarding the purification of the various (inanimate) things.
निर्लेपम् काञ्चनम् भाण्डम् अद्भिः एव विशुद्धि-अति । अब्जम् अश्म-मयम् च एव राजतम् च अनुपस्कृतम् ॥ ५।११२॥
TRANSLITERATION
nirlepam kāñcanam bhāṇḍam adbhiḥ eva viśuddhi-ati . abjam aśma-mayam ca eva rājatam ca anupaskṛtam .. 5.112..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.112. A golden vessel which shows no stains, becomes pure with water alone, likewise what is produced in water (as shells and coral), what is made of stone, and a silver (vessel) not enchased.
अपाम् अग्नेः च संयोगात् हैमम् रौप्यम् च निर्बभौ । तस्मात् तयोः स्व-योन्या एव निर्णेकः गुणवत्तरः ॥ ५।११३॥
TRANSLITERATION
apām agneḥ ca saṃyogāt haimam raupyam ca nirbabhau . tasmāt tayoḥ sva-yonyā eva nirṇekaḥ guṇavattaraḥ .. 5.113..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.113. From the union of water and fire arose the glittering gold and silver; those two, therefore, are best purified by (the elements) from which they sprang.
5.114. Copper, iron, brass, pewter, tin, and lead must be cleansed, as may be suitable (for each particular case), by alkaline (substances), acids or water.
द्रवाणां चैव सर्वेषां शुद्धिरुत्पवनं स्मृतम् । प्रोक्षणं संहतानां च दारवाणां च तक्षणम् ॥ ५.११५॥
PADACHEDA
द्रवाणाम् च एव सर्वेषाम् शुद्धिः उत्पवनम् स्मृतम् । प्रोक्षणम् संहतानाम् च दारवाणाम् च तक्षणम् ॥ ५।११५॥
TRANSLITERATION
dravāṇām ca eva sarveṣām śuddhiḥ utpavanam smṛtam . prokṣaṇam saṃhatānām ca dāravāṇām ca takṣaṇam .. 5.115..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.115. The purification prescribed for all (sorts of) liquids is by passing two blades of Kusa grass through them, for solid things by sprinkling (them with water), for (objects) made of wood by planing them.
mārjanam yajña-pātrāṇām pāṇinā yajña-karmaṇi . camasānām grahāṇām ca śuddhiḥ prakṣālanena tu .. 5.116..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.116. At sacrifices the purification of (the Soma cups called) Kamasas and Grahas, and of (other) sacrificial vessels (takes place) by rubbing (them) with the hand, and (afterwards) rinsing (them with water).
चरूणां स्रुक्स्रुवाणां च शुद्धिरुष्णेन वारिणा । स्फ्यशूर्पशकटानां च मुसलौलूखलस्य च ॥ ५.११७॥
PADACHEDA
चरूणाम् स्रुच्-स्रुवाणाम् च शुद्धिः उष्णेन वारिणा । स्फ्य-शूर्प-शकटानाम् च मुसल-औलूखलस्य च ॥ ५।११७॥
TRANSLITERATION
carūṇām sruc-sruvāṇām ca śuddhiḥ uṣṇena vāriṇā . sphya-śūrpa-śakaṭānām ca musala-aulūkhalasya ca .. 5.117..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.117. The Karu and (the spoons called) Sruk and Sruva must be cleaned with hot water, likewise (the wooden sword, called) Sphya, the winnowing-basket (Surpa), the cart (for bringing the grain), the pestle and the mortar.
adbhiḥ tu prokṣaṇam śaucam bahūnām dhānya-vāsasām . prakṣālanena tu alpānām adbhiḥ śaucam vidhīyate .. 5.118..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.118. The manner of purifying large quantities of grain and of cloth is to sprinkle them with water; but the purification of small quantities is prescribed (to take place) by washing them.
5.120. Silk and woollen stuffs with alkaline earth; blankets with pounded Arishta (fruit); Amsupattas with Bel fruit; linen cloth with (a paste of) yellow mustard.
प्रोक्षणात् तृण-काष्ठम् च पलालम् च एव शुध्यति । मार्जन-औपाञ्जनैः वेश्म पुनःपाकेन मृण्मयम् ॥ ५।१२२॥
TRANSLITERATION
prokṣaṇāt tṛṇa-kāṣṭham ca palālam ca eva śudhyati . mārjana-aupāñjanaiḥ veśma punaḥpākena mṛṇmayam .. 5.122..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.122. Grass, wood, and straw become pure by being sprinkled (with water), a house by sweeping and smearing (it with cowdung or whitewash), an earthen (vessel) by a second burning.
संमार्जनौपाञ्जनेन सेकेनौल्लेखनेन च । गवां च परिवासेन भूमिः शुद्ध्यति पञ्चभिः ॥ ५.१२४॥
PADACHEDA
संमार्जन-औपाञ्जनेन सेकेन औल्लेखनेन च । गवाम् च परिवासेन भूमिः शुद्धि-अति पञ्चभिः ॥ ५।१२४॥
TRANSLITERATION
saṃmārjana-aupāñjanena sekena aullekhanena ca . gavām ca parivāsena bhūmiḥ śuddhi-ati pañcabhiḥ .. 5.124..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.124. Land is purified by (the following) five (modes, viz.) by sweeping, by smearing (it with cowdung), by sprinkling (it with cows’ urine or milk), by scraping, and by cows staying (on it during a day and night).
5.125. (Food) which has been pecked at by birds, smelt at by cows, touched (with the foot), sneezed on, or
defiled by hair or insects, becomes pure by scattering earth (over it).
यावत् न अपेति अमेध्य-अक्तात् गन्धः लेपः च तद्-कृतः । तावत् मृद्-वारि च आदेयम् सर्वासु द्रव्य-शुद्धिषु ॥ ५।१२६॥
TRANSLITERATION
yāvat na apeti amedhya-aktāt gandhaḥ lepaḥ ca tad-kṛtaḥ . tāvat mṛd-vāri ca ādeyam sarvāsu dravya-śuddhiṣu .. 5.126..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.126. As long as the (foul) smell does not leave an (object) defiled by impure substances, and the stain caused
by them (does not disappear), so long must earth and water be applied in cleansing (inanimate) things.
5.127. The gods declared three things (to be) pure to Brahmanas, that (on which) no (taint is) visible, what has
been washed with water, and what has been commended (as pure) by the word (of a Brahmana).
5.128. Water, sufficient (in quantity) in order to slake the thirst of a cow, possessing the (proper) smell, colour,
and taste, and unmixed with impure substances, is pure, if it is collected on (pure) ground.
5.129. The hand of an artisan is always pure, so is (every vendible commodity) exposed for sale in the market,
and food obtained by begging which a student holds (in his hand) is always fit for use; that is a settled rule.
5.130. The mouth of a woman is always pure, likewise a bird when he causes a fruit to fall; a calf is pure on the
flowing of the milk, and a dog when he catches a deer.
श्वभिः हतस्य यत् मांसम् शुचि तत् मनुः अब्रवीत् । क्रव्याद्भिः च हतस्य अन्यैः चण्डाल-आद्यैः च दस्युभिः ॥ ५।१३१॥
TRANSLITERATION
śvabhiḥ hatasya yat māṃsam śuci tat manuḥ abravīt . kravyādbhiḥ ca hatasya anyaiḥ caṇḍāla-ādyaiḥ ca dasyubhiḥ .. 5.131..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.131. Manu has declared that the flesh (of an animal) killed by dogs is pure, likewise (that) of a (beast) slain by carnivorous (animals) or by men of low caste (Dasyu), such as Kandalas.
ūrdhvam nābheḥ yāni khāni tāni medhyāni sarvaśas . yāni adhas tāni amedhyāni dehāt ca eva malāḥ cyutāḥ .. 5.132..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.132. All those cavities (of the body) which lie above the navel are pure, (but) those which are below the navel are impure, as well as excretions that fall from the body.
viṣ-mūtra-utsarga-śuddhi-artham mṛd-vāri ādeyam artha-vat . daihikānām malānām ca śuddhiṣu dvādaśasu api .. 5.134..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.134. In order to cleanse (the organs) by which urine and faeces are ejected, earth and water must be used, as
they may be required, likewise in removing the (remaining ones among) twelve impurities of the body.
5.135. Oily exudations, semen, blood, (the fatty substance of the) brain, urine, faeces, the mucus of the nose, ear-wax, phlegm, tears, the rheum of the eyes, and sweat are the twelve impurities of human (bodies).
5.136. He who desires to be pure, must clean the organ by one (application of) earth, the anus by (applying earth) three (times), the (left) hand alone by (applying it) ten (times), and both (hands) by (applying it) seven (times).
कृत्वा मूत्रम् पुरीषम् वा खानि आचान्तः उपस्पृशेत् । वेदम् अध्येष्यमाणः च अन्नम् अश्नन् च सर्वदा ॥ ५।१३८॥
TRANSLITERATION
kṛtvā mūtram purīṣam vā khāni ācāntaḥ upaspṛśet . vedam adhyeṣyamāṇaḥ ca annam aśnan ca sarvadā .. 5.138..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.138. When he has voided urine or faeces, let him, after sipping water, sprinkle the cavities, likewise when he is going to recite the Veda, and always before he takes food.
त्रिराचामेदपः पूर्वं द्विः प्रमृज्यात्ततो मुखम् । शरीरं शौचमिच्छन् हि स्त्री शूद्रस्तु सकृत्सकृत् ॥ ५.१३९॥
PADACHEDA
त्रिस् आचामेत् अपः पूर्वम् द्विस् प्रमृज्यात् ततस् मुखम् । शरीरम् शौचम् इच्छन् हि स्त्री शूद्रः तु सकृत् सकृत् ॥ ५।१३९॥
TRANSLITERATION
tris ācāmet apaḥ pūrvam dvis pramṛjyāt tatas mukham . śarīram śaucam icchan hi strī śūdraḥ tu sakṛt sakṛt .. 5.139..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.139. Let him who desires bodily purity first sip water three times, and then twice wipe his mouth; but a woman and a Sudra (shall perform each act) once (only).
शूद्राणाम् मासिकम् कार्यम् वपनम् न्याय-वर्तिनाम् । वैश्य-वत् शौच-कल्पः च द्विज-उच्छिष्टम् च भोजनम् ॥ ५।१४०॥
TRANSLITERATION
śūdrāṇām māsikam kāryam vapanam nyāya-vartinām . vaiśya-vat śauca-kalpaḥ ca dvija-ucchiṣṭam ca bhojanam .. 5.140..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.140. Sudras who live according to the law, shall each month shave (their heads); their mode of purification
(shall be) the same as that of Vaisyas, and their food the fragments of an Aryan’s meal.
नोच्छिष्टं कुर्वते मुख्या विप्रुषोऽङ्गं न यान्ति याः । न श्मश्रूणि गतान्यास्यं न दन्तान्तरधिष्ठितम् ॥ ५.१४१॥
PADACHEDA
न उच्छिष्टम् कुर्वते मुख्याः विप्रुषः अङ्गम् न यान्ति याः । न श्मश्रूणि गतानि आस्यम् न दन्त-अन्तर् अधिष्ठितम् ॥ ५।१४१॥
TRANSLITERATION
na ucchiṣṭam kurvate mukhyāḥ vipruṣaḥ aṅgam na yānti yāḥ . na śmaśrūṇi gatāni āsyam na danta-antar adhiṣṭhitam .. 5.141..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.141. Drops (of water) from the mouth which do not fall on a limb, do not make (a man) impure, nor the hair
of the moustache entering the mouth, nor what adheres to the teeth.
स्पृशन्ति बिन्दवः पादौ ये आचामयतः परान् । भौमिकैः ते समाः ज्ञेयाः न अप्रयतः भवेत् ॥ ५।१४२॥
TRANSLITERATION
spṛśanti bindavaḥ pādau ye ācāmayataḥ parān . bhaumikaiḥ te samāḥ jñeyāḥ na aprayataḥ bhavet .. 5.142..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.142. Drops which trickle on the feet of him who offers water for sipping to others, must be considered as equal to (water collected on the ground; they render him not impure.
ucchiṣṭena tu saṃspṛṣṭaḥ dravya-hastaḥ katham cana . a nidhāya eva tat dravyam ācāntaḥ śuci-tām iyāt .. 5.143..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.143. He who, while carrying anything in any manner, is touched by an impure (person or thing), shall become pure, if he performs an ablution, without putting down that object.
vāntaḥ viriktaḥ snātvā tu ghṛtaprāśanam ācaret . ācāmet eva bhuktvā annam snānam maithuninaḥ smṛtam .. 5.144..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.144. He who has vomited or purged shall bathe, and afterwards eat clarified butter; but if (the attack comes on) after he has eaten, let him only sip water; bathing is prescribed for him who has had intercourse with a
woman.
सुप्त्वा क्षुत्वा च भुक्त्वा च निष्ठीव्यौक्त्वाऽनृतानि च । पीत्वाऽपोऽध्येष्यमाणश्च आचामेत्प्रयतोऽपि सन् ॥ ५.१४५॥
PADACHEDA
सुप्त्वा क्षुत्वा च भुक्त्वा च निष्ठीव्य ओक्त्वा अनृतानि च । पीत्वा अपः अध्येष्यमाणः च आचामेत् प्रयतः अपि सन् ॥ ५।१४५॥
TRANSLITERATION
suptvā kṣutvā ca bhuktvā ca niṣṭhīvya oktvā anṛtāni ca . pītvā apaḥ adhyeṣyamāṇaḥ ca ācāmet prayataḥ api san .. 5.145..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.145. Though he may be (already) pure, let him sip water after sleeping, sneezing, eating, spitting, telling untruths, and drinking water, likewise when he is going to study the Veda.
एष शौच-विधिः कृत्स्नः द्रव्य-शुद्धिः तथा एव च । उक्तः वः सर्व-वर्णानाम् स्त्रीणाम् धर्मान् निबोधत ॥ ५।१४६॥
TRANSLITERATION
eṣa śauca-vidhiḥ kṛtsnaḥ dravya-śuddhiḥ tathā eva ca . uktaḥ vaḥ sarva-varṇānām strīṇām dharmān nibodhata .. 5.146..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.146. Thus the rules of personal purification for men of all castes, and those for cleaning (inanimate) things, have been fully declared to you: hear now the duties of women.
5.148. In childhood a female must be subject to her father, in youth to her husband, when her lord is dead to her sons; a woman must never be independent.
पित्रा भर्त्रा सुतैर्वाऽपि नेच्छेद्विरहमात्मनः । एषां हि विरहेण स्त्री गर्ह्ये कुर्यादुभे कुले ॥ ५.१४९॥
PADACHEDA
पित्रा भर्त्रा सुतैः वा अपि न इच्छेत् विरहम् आत्मनः । एषाम् हि विरहेण स्त्री गर्ह्ये कुर्यात् उभे कुले ॥ ५।१४९॥
TRANSLITERATION
pitrā bhartrā sutaiḥ vā api na icchet viraham ātmanaḥ . eṣām hi viraheṇa strī garhye kuryāt ubhe kule .. 5.149..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.149. She must not seek to separate herself from her father, husband, or sons; by leaving them she would make both (her own and her husband’s) families contemptible.
सदा प्रहृष्टया भाव्यं गृहकार्ये च दक्षया । सुसंस्कृतोपस्करया व्यये चामुक्तहस्तया ॥ ५.१५०॥
PADACHEDA
सदा प्रहृष्टया भाव्यम् गृह-कार्ये च दक्षया । सु संस्कृत-उपस्करया व्यये च अमुक्तहस्तया ॥ ५।१५०॥
TRANSLITERATION
sadā prahṛṣṭayā bhāvyam gṛha-kārye ca dakṣayā . su saṃskṛta-upaskarayā vyaye ca amuktahastayā .. 5.150..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.150. She must always be cheerful, clever in (the management of her) household affairs, careful in cleaning her utensils, and economical in expenditure.
यस्मै दद्यात्पिता त्वेनां भ्राता वाऽनुमते पितुः । तं शुश्रूषेत जीवन्तं संस्थितं च न लङ्घयेत् ॥ ५.१५१॥
PADACHEDA
यस्मै दद्यात् पिता तु एनाम् भ्राता वा अनुमते पितुः । तम् शुश्रूषेत जीवन्तम् संस्थितम् च न लङ्घयेत् ॥ ५।१५१॥
TRANSLITERATION
yasmai dadyāt pitā tu enām bhrātā vā anumate pituḥ . tam śuśrūṣeta jīvantam saṃsthitam ca na laṅghayet .. 5.151..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.151. Him to whom her father may give her, or her brother with the father’s permission, she shall obey as long as he lives, and when he is dead, she must not insult (his memory).
maṅgala-artham svastyayanam yajñaḥ ca āsām prajāpateḥ . prayujyate vivāhe tu pradānam svāmya-kāraṇam .. 5.152..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.152. For the sake of procuring good fortune to (brides), the recitation of benedictory texts (svastyayana), and the sacrifice to the Lord of creatures (Pragapati) are used at weddings; (but) the betrothal (by the father or guardian) is the cause of (the husband’s) dominion (over his wife).
अनृतावृतुकाले च मन्त्रसंस्कारकृत्पतिः । सुखस्य नित्यं दातैह परलोके च योषितः ॥ ५.१५३॥
PADACHEDA
अनृतौ ऋतु-काले च मन्त्र-संस्कार-कृत् पतिः । सुखस्य नित्यम् दाता इह पर-लोके च योषितः ॥ ५।१५३॥
TRANSLITERATION
anṛtau ṛtu-kāle ca mantra-saṃskāra-kṛt patiḥ . sukhasya nityam dātā iha para-loke ca yoṣitaḥ .. 5.153..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.153. The husband who wedded her with sacred texts, always gives happiness to his wife, both in season and out of season, in this world and in the next.
5.154. Though destitute of virtue, or seeking pleasure (elsewhere), or devoid of good qualities, (yet) a husband must be constantly worshipped as a god by a faithful wife.
न अस्ति स्त्रीणाम् पृथक् यज्ञः न व्रतम् न आप्यः उपोषितम्। पतिम् शुश्रूषते येन तेन स्वर्गे महीयते ॥ ५।१५५॥
TRANSLITERATION
na asti strīṇām pṛthak yajñaḥ na vratam na āpyaḥ upoṣitam. patim śuśrūṣate yena tena svarge mahīyate .. 5.155..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.155. No sacrifice, no vow, no fast must be performed by women apart (from their husbands); if a wife obeys her husband, she will for that (reason alone) be exalted in heaven.
5.156. A faithful wife, who desires to dwell (after death) with her husband, must never do anything that might displease him who took her hand, whether he be alive or dead.
कामम् तु क्षपयेत् देहम् पुष्प-मूल-फलैः शुभैः । न तु नाम अपि गृह्णीयात् पत्यौ प्रेते परस्य तु ॥ ५।१५७॥
TRANSLITERATION
kāmam tu kṣapayet deham puṣpa-mūla-phalaiḥ śubhaiḥ . na tu nāma api gṛhṇīyāt patyau prete parasya tu .. 5.157..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.157. At her pleasure let her emaciate her body by (living on) pure flowers, roots, and fruit; but she must never even mention the name of another man after her husband has died.
5.158. Until death let her be patient (of hardships), self-controlled, and chaste, and strive (to fulfil) that most excellent duty which (is prescribed) for wives who have one husband only.
मृते भर्तरि साध्वी स्त्री ब्रह्मचर्ये व्यवस्थिता । स्वर्गं गच्छत्यपुत्राऽपि यथा ते ब्रह्मचारिणः ॥ ५.१६०॥
PADACHEDA
मृते भर्तरि साध्वी स्त्री ब्रह्मचर्ये व्यवस्थिता । स्वर्गम् गच्छति अपुत्रा अपि यथा ते ब्रह्मचारिणः ॥ ५।१६०॥
TRANSLITERATION
mṛte bhartari sādhvī strī brahmacarye vyavasthitā . svargam gacchati aputrā api yathā te brahmacāriṇaḥ .. 5.160..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.160. A virtuous wife who after the death of her husband constantly remains chaste, reaches heaven, though she have no son, just like those chaste men.
अपत्य-लोभ-आद्या तु स्त्री भर्तारम् अतिवर्तते । सा इह निन्दाम् अवाप्नोति पर-लोकात् च हीयते ॥ ५।१६१॥
TRANSLITERATION
apatya-lobha-ādyā tu strī bhartāram ativartate . sā iha nindām avāpnoti para-lokāt ca hīyate .. 5.161..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.161. But a woman who from a desire to have offspring violates her duty towards her (deceased) husband, brings on herself disgrace in this world, and loses her place with her husband (in heaven).
नान्योत्पन्ना प्रजाऽस्तीह न चान्यस्य परिग्रहे । न द्वितीयश्च साध्वीनां क्व चिद्भर्तोपदिश्यते ॥ ५.१६२॥
PADACHEDA
न अन्य-उत्पन्ना प्रजा अस्ति इह न च अन्यस्य परिग्रहे । न द्वितीयः च साध्वीनाम् क्व चित् भर्ता उपदिश्यते ॥ ५।१६२॥
TRANSLITERATION
na anya-utpannā prajā asti iha na ca anyasya parigrahe . na dvitīyaḥ ca sādhvīnām kva cit bhartā upadiśyate .. 5.162..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.162. Offspring begotten by another man is here not (considered lawful), nor (does offspring begotten) on another man’s wife (belong to the begetter), nor is a second husband anywhere prescribed for virtuous women.
पतिम् हित्वा अवकृष्टम् स्वम् उत्कृष्टम् या निषेवते । निन्द्या एव सा भवेत् लोके परपूर्वा एति च उच्यते ॥ ५।१६३॥
TRANSLITERATION
patim hitvā avakṛṣṭam svam utkṛṣṭam yā niṣevate . nindyā eva sā bhavet loke parapūrvā eti ca ucyate .. 5.163..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.163. She who cohabits with a man of higher caste, forsaking her own husband who belongs to a lower one, will become contemptible in this world, and is called a remarried woman (parapurva).
व्यभिचारे तु भर्तुः स्त्री लोके प्राप्नोति निन्द्य-ताम् । शृगाल-योनिम् प्राप्नोति पाप-रोगैः च पीड्यते ॥ ५।१६४॥
TRANSLITERATION
vyabhicāre tu bhartuḥ strī loke prāpnoti nindya-tām . śṛgāla-yonim prāpnoti pāpa-rogaiḥ ca pīḍyate .. 5.164..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.164. By violating her duty towards her husband, a wife is disgraced in this world, (after death) she enters the womb of a jackal, and is tormented by diseases (the punishment of) her sin.
पतिम् या न अभिचरति मनः-वाच्-देह-संयता । सा भर्तृ-लोकम् आप्नोति सद्भिः साध्वी इति च उच्यते ॥ ५।१६५॥
TRANSLITERATION
patim yā na abhicarati manaḥ-vāc-deha-saṃyatā . sā bhartṛ-lokam āpnoti sadbhiḥ sādhvī iti ca ucyate .. 5.165..
ENGLISH MEANING
5.165. She who, controlling her thoughts, words, and deeds, never slights her lord, resides (after death) with her husband (in heaven), and is called a virtuous (wife).
5.166. In reward of such conduct, a female who controls her thoughts, speech, and actions, gains in this (life) highest renown, and in the next (world) a place near her husband.
5.167. A twice-born man, versed in the sacred law, shall burn a wife of equal caste who conducts herself thus
and dies before him, with (the sacred fires used for) the Agnihotra, and with the sacrificial implements.
5.169. (Living) according to the (preceding) rules, he must never neglect the five (great) sacrifices, and, having
taken a wife, he must dwell in (his own) house during the second period of his life.
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