om śam naḥ mitraḥ śam varuṇaḥ . śam naḥ bhavatu aryamā . śam naḥ indraḥ bṛhaspatiḥ . śam naḥ viṣṇuḥ urukramaḥ . namaḥ brahmaṇe . namaḥ te vāyo . tvam eva pratyakṣam brahma asi . tvām eva pratyakṣam brahma vadiṣyāmi . ṛtam vadiṣyāmi . satyam vadiṣyāmi . tat mām avatu . tat vaktāram avatu . avatu mām . avatu vaktāram . om śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
May Mitra be blissful to us. May Varuna be blissful to us. May Aryaman be blissful to us. May Indra and Brihaspati be blissful to us. May Vishnu, of long strides, be blissful to us. Salutation to Brahman. Salutation to you, O Vayu. You, indeed, are the immediate Brahman. You alone I shall call the direct Brahman. I shall call you righteousness. I shall call you truth. May He protect me; May He protect the teacher; May He protect me; May He protect the teacher; Om, peace, peace, peace!
We shall speak of the science of pronunciation. (The things to learn are) the alphabet, accent, measure, emphasis, uniformity, juxtaposition. Thus has been spoken the chapter on pronunciation.
May we both attain fame together. May spiritual pre-eminence be vouchsafed to both of us together. Now therefore, we shall state the meditation on juxtaposition through five categories - relating to the worlds, to the shining things, to knowledge, to progeny, and to the body. These, they call the great juxtapositions. Now then, as regards the meditation on the worlds. The earth is the first letter. Heaven is the last letter. The sky is the meeting-place.
Vayu is the link. This is the meditation with regard to the worlds. Then follows the meditation with regard to the shining things. Fire is the first letter. The sun is the last letter. Water is the rallying point. Lightning is the link. This is the meditation with regard to the shining things. Then follows the meditation with regard to knowledge. The teacher is the first letter.
The student is the last letter. Knowledge is the meeting-place. Instruction is the link. This is the meditation with regard to knowledge. Then follows the meditation with regard to progeny. The mother is the first letter. The father is the last letter. The progeny is the focal point. Generation is the link. This is the meditation with regard to progeny.
Then follows the meditation with regard to the (individual) body.The lower jaw is the first letter. The upper jaw is the last letter. Speech is the meeting-place. The tongue is the link. This is the meditation with regard to the (individual) body. These are the great juxtapositions. Anyone who meditates on these great juxtapositions, as they are explained, becomes conjoined with progeny, animals, the splendour of holiness, edible food, and the heavenly world.
मेधादिसिद्ध्यर्था आवहन्तीहोममन्त्राःयश्छन्दसामृषभो विश्वरूपः । छन्दोभ्योऽध्यमृतात्सम्बभूव । स मेन्द्रो मेधया स्पृणोतु । अमृतस्य देव धारणो भूयासम् । शरीरं मे विचर्षणम् । जिह्वा मे मधुमत्तमा । कर्णाभ्यां भूरिविश्रुवम् । ब्रह्मणः कोशोऽसि मेधया पिहितः । श्रुतं मे गोपाय । आवहन्ती वितन्वाना ॥ १॥
PADACHEDA
मेध-आदि-सिद्धि-अर्थाः आवहन्ती-होम-मन्त्राः यः छन्दसाम् ऋषभः विश्व-रूपः । छन्दोभ्यः अधि अमृतात् सम्बभूव । स मा इन्द्रः मेधया स्पृणोतु । अमृतस्य देव धारणः भूयासम् । शरीरम् मे विचर्षणम् । जिह्वा मे मधुमत्तमा । कर्णाभ्याम् भूरि-विश्रुवम् । ब्रह्मणः कोशः असि मेधया पिहितः । श्रुतम् मे गोपाय । आवहन्ती वितन्वाना ॥ १॥
TRANSLITERATION
medha-ādi-siddhi-arthāḥ āvahantī-homa-mantrāḥ yaḥ chandasām ṛṣabhaḥ viśva-rūpaḥ . chandobhyaḥ adhi amṛtāt sambabhūva . sa mā indraḥ medhayā spṛṇotu . amṛtasya deva dhāraṇaḥ bhūyāsam . śarīram me vicarṣaṇam . jihvā me madhumattamā . karṇābhyām bhūri-viśruvam . brahmaṇaḥ kośaḥ asi medhayā pihitaḥ . śrutam me gopāya . āvahantī vitanvānā .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
The Om that is the most exalted in the Vedas, that pervades all worlds, and that emerged from the immortal Vedas as their quintessence, may he (Om that is Indra), the supreme Lord, gratify me with intelligence. O Lord, may I be the receptacle of immortality. May my body be fit; may my tongue be surpassingly sweet; may I hear much through the ears. You are the sheath of Brahman: you are covered by (worldly) wisdom. Protect what I have heard.
kurvāṇā a cīram ātmanaḥ . vāsām̐si mama gāvaḥ ca . anna-pāne ca sarvadā . tatas me śriyam āvaha . lomaśām paśubhiḥ saha svāhā . brahmacāriṇaḥ svāhā . vimā āyantu brahmacāriṇaḥ svāhā . pramā ā īyantu brahmacāriṇaḥ svāhā . damāyantu brahmacāriṇaḥ svāhā . śamāyantu brahmacāriṇaḥ svāhā .. 2..
ENGLISH MEANING
Then vouchsafe to me who am her (i.e. Prosperity's) own, that Prosperity which brings, increases, and accomplishes quickly for me clothes, cattle, food, and drink for ever, and which is associated with furry and other animals. Svaha. May the Brahmacharins (i.e. students) come to me from all sides. Svaha. May the Brahmacharins come to me in various ways. Svaha. May the Brahmacharins come to me in the proper way. Svaha. May the Brahmacharins have physical self-control. Svaha. May the Brahmacharins have mental self-control. Svaha.
May I become famous among people. Svaha. May I become praiseworthy among the wealthy. Svaha. O adorable One, may I enter into you, such as you are. Svaha. O venerable One, you, such as you are, enter into me. Svaha. O adorable One, who are greatly diversified, may I purify my sins in you. Svaha. As water flows down a slope, as months roll into a year, similarly O Lord, may the students come to me from all quarters. Svaha. You are like a resting house, so you become revealed to me, you reach me through and through.
Bhuh, Bhuvah, Suvah - these three, indeed, are the Vyahritis. Of them Mahacamasya knew a fourth one - Maha by name. It is Brahman; it is the Self. The other gods are the limbs. Bhuh, indeed, is this world. Bhuvah is the intermediate space. Suvah is the other world.
Maha is the sun; through the sun, indeed, do all the worlds flourish. Bhuh, indeed is the fire. Bhuvah is the air. Suvah is the sun. Maha is the moon; through the moon, indeed, all the luminaries flourish. Bhuh, indeed, is the Rig-Veda. Bhuvah is the Sama-Veda. Suvah is the Yajur-Veda.
Maha is Brahman (i.e. Om), for by Brahman (Om), indeed, are all the Vedas nourished. Bhuh, indeed, is Prana; Bhuvah is Apana; Suvah is Vyana; Maha is food; for by food, indeed, are all the vital forces nourished. These, then, that are four, are (each) fourfold. The Vyahritis are divided into four groups of four (each). He who knows these knows Brahman. All the gods carry presents to him.
In the space that there is in the heart, is this Person who is realisable through knowledge, and who is immortal and effulgent. This thing that hangs down between the palates like a teat, through it runs the path of Brahman; and reaching where the hairs part, it passes out by separating the skulls. (Passing out through that path, a man) becomes established in Fire as the Vyahriti Bhuh; he becomes established in Air as the Vyahriti Bhuvah;
in the sun as the Vyahriti Suvah; in Brahman as the Vyahriti Mahah. He himself gets independent sovereignty; he attains the lord of the mind; he becomes the ruler of speech, the ruler of eyes, the ruler of ears, the ruler of knowledge. Over and above all these he becomes Brahman which is embodied in Akasa, which is identified with the gross and the subtle and has truth as Its real nature, which reveals in life, under whose possession the mind is a source of bliss, which is enriched with peace and is immortal. Thus, O Pracinayogya, you worship.
The earth, sky, heaven, the primary quarters, and the intermediate quarters; fire, air, the sun, the moon, and the stars; water, herbs, trees, sky, and Virat - these relate to natural factors. Then follow the individual ones: Prana, Vyana, Apana, Udana and Samana; the eye, the ear, the mind, speech and sense of touch; skin, flesh, muscles, bones and marrow. Having imagined these thus, the seer said, "All this is constituted by five factors; one fills up the (outer) fivefold ones by the (individual) fivefold ones.
om iti brahma . om iti idam sarvam . om iti etat anukṛtiḥ hasma vai āśrāvaya iti āśrāvayanti . om iti sāmāni gāyanti . om śom iti śastrāṇi śam̐santi . om iti adhvaryuḥ pratigaram pratigṛṇāti . om iti brahmā prasauti . om iti agnihotram anujānāti . om iti brāhmaṇaḥ pravakṣyan āha brahma upāpnavāni iti . brahma eva upāpnoti .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
Om is Brahman. Om is all this. Om is well known as a word of imitation (i.e. concurrence). Moreover, they make them recite (to the gods) with the words, "Om, recite (to the gods)". They commence singing Samas with Om. Uttering the words "Om som" they recite the Shastras. The (priest) Brahma approves with the word Om. One permits the performance of the Agnihotra sacrifice with the word Om. A Brahmana, when about to recite the Vedas utters Om under the idea, I shall attain Brahman". He does verily attain Brahman.
ऋतं च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च । सत्यं च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च । तपश्च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च । दमश्च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च । शमश्च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च । अग्नयश्च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च । अग्निहोत्रं च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च । अतिथयश्च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च । मानुषं च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च । प्रजा च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च । प्रजनश्च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च । प्रजातिश्च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च । सत्यमिति सत्यवचा राथी तरः । तप इति तपोनित्यः पौरुशिष्टिः । स्वाध्यायप्रवचने एवेति नाको मौद्गल्यः । तद्धि तपस्तद्धि तपः ॥ १॥
PADACHEDA
ऋतम् च स्वाध्याय-प्रवचने च । सत्यम् च स्वाध्याय-प्रवचने च । तपः च स्वाध्याय-प्रवचने च । दमः च स्वाध्याय-प्रवचने च । शमः च स्वाध्याय-प्रवचने च । अग्नयः च स्वाध्याय-प्रवचने च । अग्निहोत्रम् च स्वाध्याय-प्रवचने च । अतिथयः च स्वाध्याय-प्रवचने च । मानुषम् च स्वाध्याय-प्रवचने च । प्रजा च स्वाध्याय-प्रवचने च । प्रजनः च स्वाध्याय-प्रवचने च । प्रजातिः च स्वाध्याय-प्रवचने च । सत्यम् इति सत्यवचाः राथी तरः । तपः इति तपोनित्यः पौरुशिष्टिः । स्वाध्याय-प्रवचने एव इति नाकः मौद्गल्यः । तत् हि तपः तत् हि तपः ॥ १॥
TRANSLITERATION
ṛtam ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca . satyam ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca . tapaḥ ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca . damaḥ ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca . śamaḥ ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca . agnayaḥ ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca . agnihotram ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca . atithayaḥ ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca . mānuṣam ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca . prajā ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca . prajanaḥ ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca . prajātiḥ ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca . satyam iti satyavacāḥ rāthī taraḥ . tapaḥ iti taponityaḥ pauruśiṣṭiḥ . svādhyāya-pravacane eva iti nākaḥ maudgalyaḥ . tat hi tapaḥ tat hi tapaḥ .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
Righteousness and learning and teaching (are to be practiced). Truth and learning and teaching (are to be practiced). Austerity and learning and teaching (are to be resorted to). Control of the outer senses and learning and teaching (are to be practiced). Control of the inner organs and learning and teaching (are to be resorted to). The fires (are to be lighted up), and learning and teaching (are to be followed). The Agnihotra (is to be performed), and learning and teaching (are to be carried on). Guests (are to be entertained), and learning and teaching (are to be practiced). Social good conduct (is to be adhered to), and learning and teaching (are to be practiced). Children (are to be begotten), and learning and teaching (are to carried on). Procreation and learning and teaching (are to carried on). A grandson (is to be raised), and learning and teaching (are to be practised). Truth (is the thing) - this is what Satyavacha, of the line of Rathitara, thinks. Austerity (is the thing) - this is what Taponitya, son of Purusisti, thinks. Learning and teaching alone (are the things) - this is what Naka, son of Mudgala, thinks. For that indeed is the austerity; for that indeed is the austerity.
I am the invigorator of the tree (of the world). My fame is high like the ridge of a mountain. My source is the pure (Brahman). I am like that pure reality (of the Self) that is in the sun. I am the effulgent wealth. I am possessed of a fine intellect, and am immortal and un-decaying. Thus was the statement of Trisanku after the attainment of realisation.
वेदम् अनूच्य आचार्यः अन्तेवासिनम् अनुशास्ति । सत्यम् वद । धर्मम् चर । स्वाध्यायात् मा प्रमदः । आचार्याय प्रियम् धनम् आहृत्य प्रजा-तन्तुम् मा व्यवच्छेत्सीः । सत्यात् न प्रमदितव्यम् । धर्मात् न प्रमदितव्यम् । कुशलात् न प्रमदितव्यम् । भूत्यै न प्रमदितव्यम् । स्वाध्याय-प्रवचनाभ्याम् न प्रमदितव्यम् ॥ १॥
TRANSLITERATION
vedam anūcya ācāryaḥ antevāsinam anuśāsti . satyam vada . dharmam cara . svādhyāyāt mā pramadaḥ . ācāryāya priyam dhanam āhṛtya prajā-tantum mā vyavacchetsīḥ . satyāt na pramaditavyam . dharmāt na pramaditavyam . kuśalāt na pramaditavyam . bhūtyai na pramaditavyam . svādhyāya-pravacanābhyām na pramaditavyam .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
Having taught the Vedas, the preceptor imparts this post-instruction to the students: "Speak the truth. Practice righteousness. Make no mistake about study. Having offered the desirable wealth to the teacher, do not cut off the line of progeny. There should be no inadvertence about truth. There should be no deviation from righteous activity. There should be no error about protection of yourself. Do not neglect propitious activities. Do not be careless about learning and teaching.
deva-pitṛ-kāryābhyām na pramaditavyam . mātṛdevaḥ bhava . pitṛ-devaḥ bhava . ācāryadevaḥ bhava . atithi-devaḥ bhava . yāni anavadyāni karmāṇi . tāni sevitavyāni . na u itarāṇi . yāni asmākam su caritāni . tāni tvayā upāsyāni .. 2..
ENGLISH MEANING
There should be no error in the duties towards the gods and manes. Let your mother be a goddess unto you. Let your father be a god unto you. Let your teacher be a god unto you. Let your guest be a god unto you. The works that are not blameworthy are to be resorted to, but not the others. These actions of ours that are commendable are to be followed by you, but not the others. You should, by offering seats, remove the fatigue of those Brahmanas who are more praiseworthy among us. The offering should be with honour; the offering should not be with dishonour.
नो इतराणि । ये के चास्मच्छ्रेयाꣳसो ब्राह्मणाः । तेषां त्वयाऽऽसनेन प्रश्वसितव्यम् । श्रद्धया देयम् । अश्रद्धयाऽदेयम् । श्रिया देयम् । ह्रिया देयम् । भिया देयम् । संविदा देयम् । अथ यदि ते कर्मविचिकित्सा वा वृत्तविचिकित्सा वा स्यात् ॥ ३॥
PADACHEDA
न उ इतराणि । ये के च अस्मत्-श्रेयाँसः ब्राह्मणाः । तेषाम् त्वया आसनेन प्रश्वसितव्यम् । श्रद्धया देयम् । अश्रद्धया अदेयम् । श्रिया देयम् । ह्रिया देयम् । भिया देयम् । संविदा देयम् । अथ यदि ते कर्म-विचिकित्सा वा वृत्त-विचिकित्सा वा स्यात् ॥ ३॥
TRANSLITERATION
na u itarāṇi . ye ke ca asmat-śreyām̐saḥ brāhmaṇāḥ . teṣām tvayā āsanena praśvasitavyam . śraddhayā deyam . aśraddhayā adeyam . śriyā deyam . hriyā deyam . bhiyā deyam . saṃvidā deyam . atha yadi te karma-vicikitsā vā vṛtta-vicikitsā vā syāt .. 3..
ENGLISH MEANING
The offering should be in plenty. The offering should be with modesty. The offering should be with awe. The offering should be with sympathy. Then, should you have any doubt with regard to duties or customs, you should behave in those matters just as Brahmanas do, who may happen to be there and who are able deliberators, who are adepts in those duties and customs, who are not directed by others, who are not cruel, and who are desirous of merit. Then, as for the accused people, you should behave with regard to them just as the Brahmanas do, who may happen to be there and who are able deliberators, who are adepts in those duties and customs, who are not directed by others, who are not cruel, who are desirous of merit.
ये तत्र ब्राह्मणाः संमर्शिनः । युक्ताः आयुक्ताः । अ लूक्षाः धर्म-कामाः स्युः । यथा ते तत्र वर्तेरन् । तथा तत्र वर्तेथाः । अथ अभ्याख्यातेषु । ये तत्र ब्राह्मणाः संमर्शिनः । युक्ताः आयुक्ताः । अ लूक्षाः धर्म-कामाः स्युः । यथा ते तेषु वर्तेरन् । तथा तेषु वर्तेथाः । एषः आदेशः । एषः उपदेशः । एषा वेद-उपनिषद् । एतत् अनुशासनम् । एवम् उपासितव्यम् । एवम् उ च एतत् उपास्यम् ॥ ४॥
TRANSLITERATION
ye tatra brāhmaṇāḥ saṃmarśinaḥ . yuktāḥ āyuktāḥ . a lūkṣāḥ dharma-kāmāḥ syuḥ . yathā te tatra varteran . tathā tatra vartethāḥ . atha abhyākhyāteṣu . ye tatra brāhmaṇāḥ saṃmarśinaḥ . yuktāḥ āyuktāḥ . a lūkṣāḥ dharma-kāmāḥ syuḥ . yathā te teṣu varteran . tathā teṣu vartethāḥ . eṣaḥ ādeśaḥ . eṣaḥ upadeśaḥ . eṣā veda-upaniṣad . etat anuśāsanam . evam upāsitavyam . evam u ca etat upāsyam .. 4..
ENGLISH MEANING
This is the injunction. This is the instruction. This is the secret of the Vedas. This is divine behest. This is how the meditation is to be done. This is how this must be meditated on.
śam naḥ mitraḥ śam varuṇaḥ . śam naḥ bhavatu aryamā . śam naḥ indraḥ bṛhaspatiḥ . śam naḥ viṣṇuḥ urukramaḥ . namaḥ brahmaṇe . namaḥ te vāyo . tvam eva pratyakṣam brahma asi . tvām eva pratyakṣam brahma avādiṣam . ṛtam avādiṣam . satyam avādiṣam . tat mām āvīt . tat vaktāram āvīt . āvīt mām . āvīt vaktāram . om śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
May Mitra be blissful to us. May Varuna be blissful to us. May Aryaman be blissful to us. May Indra and Brihaspati be blissful to us. May Vishnu, of long strides, be blissful to us. Salutation to Brahman. Salutation to you, O Vayu. You, indeed, are the immediate Brahman. You alone I shall call the direct Brahman. I shall call you righteousness. I shall call you truth. May He protect me; May He protect the teacher; May He protect me; May He protect the teacher; Om, peace, peace, peace!
ओम् सह नौ अवतु । सह नौ भुनक्तु । सह वीर्यम् करवावहै । तेजस्विनौ अधीतम् अस्तु मा विद्विषावहै । ओम् शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः ॥
TRANSLITERATION
om saha nau avatu . saha nau bhunaktu . saha vīryam karavāvahai . tejasvinau adhītam astu mā vidviṣāvahai . om śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ ..
ENGLISH MEANING
May He protect us both together. May He nourish us both together; May we both acquire strength together. Let our study be brilliant. May we not cavil at each other; Om! Peace! Peace! Peace!
om brahma-vidā āpnoti param . tat eṣā abhyuktā . satyam jñānam anantam brahma . yaḥ veda nihitam guhāyām parame vyoman . saḥ aśnute sarvān kāmān saha . brahmaṇā vipaścitā iti ..
ENGLISH MEANING
The knower of Brahman attains the highest. Here is a verse uttering that very fact: "Brahman is truth, knowledge, and infinite. He who knows that Brahman as existing in the intellect, lodged in the supreme space in the heart, enjoys, as identified with the all - knowing Brahman, all desirable things simultaneously.
tasmāt vai etasmāt ātmanaḥ ākāśaḥ sambhūtaḥ . ākāśāt vāyuḥ . vāyoḥ agniḥ . agneḥ āpaḥ . adbhyaḥ pṛthivī . pṛthivyāḥ oṣadhayaḥ . oṣadhībhyaḥ unnam . annāt puruṣaḥ . sa vai eṣa puruṣaḥ anna-rasa-mayaḥ . tasya idam eva śiraḥ . ayam dakṣiṇaḥ pakṣaḥ . ayam uttaraḥ pakṣaḥ . ayam ātmā . idam puccham pratiṣṭhā . tat api eṣa ślokaḥ bhavati .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
From that Brahman, which is the Self, was produced space. From space emerged air. From air was born fire. From fire was created water. From water sprang up earth. From earth were born the herbs. From the herbs was produced food. From food was born man. That man, such as he is, is a product of the essence of food. Of him this indeed, is the head, this is the southern side; this is the northern side; this is the Self; this is the stabilising tail.
annāt vai prajāḥ prajāyante . yāḥ kāḥ ca pṛthivīm śritāḥ . atha u annena eva jīvanti . atha enat api yanti antatas . annam hi bhūtānām jyeṣṭham . tasmāt sarva-auṣadham ucyate . sarvam vai te annam āpnuvanti . ye annam brahma upāsate . annam hi bhūtānām jyeṣṭham . tasmāt sarva-auṣadham ucyate . annāt bhūtāni jāyante . jātāni annena vardhante . adyate atti ca bhūtāni . tasmāt annam tat ucyate iti . tasmāt vai etasmāt anna-rasa-mayāt . anyaḥ antaraḥ ātmā prāṇa-mayaḥ . tena eṣa pūrṇaḥ . sa vai eṣa puruṣavidhaḥ eva . tasya puruṣavidha-tām . anvayam puruṣavidhaḥ . tasya prāṇaḥ eva śiraḥ . vyānaḥ dakṣiṇaḥ pakṣaḥ . apānaḥ uttaraḥ pakṣaḥ . ākāśaḥ ātmā . pṛthivī puccham pratiṣṭhā . tat api eṣa ślokaḥ bhavati .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
All beings that rest on the earth are born verily from food. Besides, they live on food, and at the end, they get merged in food. Food was verily born before all creatures; therefore it is called the medicine for all, those who worship food as Brahman acquire all the food. Food was verily born before all creatures; therefore it is called the medicine for all. Creatures are born of food; being born, they grow by food. Since it is eaten and it eats the creatures, it is called food. As compared with this self made of the essence of food, as said before, there is another inner self which is made of air. By that is this one filled. This Self is also of the human form. Its human form takes after the human form of that (earlier one). Of this, Prana is the head, Vyana is the southern side, Apana is the northern side, space is the self and the earth is the tail that stabilises
prāṇam devāḥ anu prāṇanti . manuṣyāḥ paśavaḥ ca ye . prāṇaḥ hi bhūtānām āyuḥ . tasmāt sarva-āyuṣam ucyate . sarvam eva te āyuḥ yanti . ye prāṇam brahma upāsate . prāṇaḥ hi bhūtānām āyuḥ . tasmāt sarva-āyuṣam ucyate iti . tasya eṣaḥ eva śārīraḥ ātmā . yaḥ pūrvasya . tasmāt vai etasmāt prāṇa-mayāt . anyaḥ antaraḥ ātmā manaḥ-mayaḥ . tena eṣa pūrṇaḥ . sa vai eṣa puruṣavidhaḥ eva . tasya puruṣavidha-tām . anvayam puruṣavidhaḥ . tasya yajuḥ eva śiraḥ . ṛc dakṣiṇaḥ pakṣaḥ . sāma uttaraḥ pakṣaḥ . ādeśaḥ ātmā . atharva-aṅgirasaḥ puccham pratiṣṭhā . tat api eṣa ślokaḥ bhavati .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
The senses act by following the vital force in the mouth; all human beings and animals that are there act similarly; since on the vital force depends the life of all creatures, therefore it is called the life of all; those who worship the vital force as Brahman, attain the full span of life; since on the vital force depends the life of all, it is called the life of all. Of the preceding (physical) one, this one, indeed, is the embodied self. As compared with this vital body, there is another internal self constituted by mind. By that one is this one filled up. That self constituted by mind is also of a human shape. The human shape of the mental body takes after the human shape of the vital body. Of the mental body, the Yajur-mantras are the head. The Rig-mantras are the right side, the Sama-mantras are the left side, the Brahmana portion is the self (trunk), the mantras seen by Atharvangiras are the stabilising tail.
yatas vācaḥ nivartante . a prāpya manasā saha . ānandam brahmaṇaḥ vidvān . na bibheti kadācana iti . tasya eṣaḥ eva śārīraḥ ātmā . yaḥ pūrvasya . tasmāt vai etasmāt manaḥ-mayāt . anyaḥ antaraḥ ātmā vijñāna-mayaḥ . tena eṣa pūrṇaḥ . sa vai eṣa puruṣavidhaḥ eva . tasya puruṣavidha-tām . anvayam puruṣavidhaḥ . tasya śraddhā eva śiraḥ . ṛtam dakṣiṇaḥ pakṣaḥ . satyam uttaraḥ pakṣaḥ . yogaḥ ātmā . mahaḥ puccham pratiṣṭhā . tat api eṣa ślokaḥ bhavati .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
One is not subjected to fear at any time if one knows the Bliss that is Brahman failing to reach which (Brahman, as conditioned by the mind), words, along with the mind, turn back. Of that preceding (vital) one, this (mental one is verily the embodied self. As compared with this mental body, there is another internal self constituted by valid knowledge. By that one is this one filled up. This one as aforesaid has verily a human shape. It is humanly shaped in accordance with the human shape of the earlier one. Of him faith is verily the head; righteousness is the right side; truth is the left side; concentration is the self (trunk); (the principle, called) Mahat, is the stabilising tail.
vijñānam yajñam tanute . karmāṇi tanute api ca . vijñānam devāḥ sarve . brahma jyeṣṭham upāsate . vijñānam brahma ced veda . tasmāt ced na pramādyati . śarīre pāpmanaḥ hitvā . sarvān kāmān samaśnute iti . tasya eṣaḥ eva śārīraḥ ātmā . yaḥ pūrvasya . tasmāt vai etasmāt vijñāna-mayāt . anyaḥ antaraḥ ātmā ānanda-mayaḥ . tena eṣa pūrṇaḥ . sa vai eṣa puruṣavidhaḥ eva . tasya puruṣavidha-tām . anvayam puruṣavidhaḥ . tasya priyam eva śiraḥ . modaḥ dakṣiṇaḥ pakṣaḥ . pramodaḥ uttaraḥ pakṣaḥ . ānandaḥ ātmā . brahma puccham pratiṣṭhā . tat api eṣa ślokaḥ bhavati .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
Knowledge actualises a sacrifice, and it executes the duties as well. All the gods meditate on the first-born Brahman, conditioned by knowledge. If one knows the knowledge-Brahman, and if one does not err about it, one abandons all sins in the body and fully enjoys all enjoyable things. Of that preceding (mental) one this (cognitive one) is verily the embodied self. As compared with this cognitive body, there is another internal self constituted by bliss. By that one is this one filled up. This one, as aforesaid, has verily a human shape. It is humanly shaped in accordance with the human shape of the earlier one. Of him joy is verily the head, enjoyment is the right side, hilarity is the left side; bliss is the self (trunk). Brahman is the tail that stabilises.
a sannā iva sa bhavati . asat brahma iti veda ced . asti brahma iti ced veda . santam enam tatas viduḥ iti . tasya eṣaḥ eva śārīraḥ ātmā . yaḥ pūrvasya . atha atas anupraśnāḥ . uta a vidvān amum lokam pretya . kaścana gacchatī . āho vidvān amum lokam pretya . kaścid samaśnute u . saḥ akāmayata . bahusyām prajāyeya iti . sa tapaḥ atapyata . sa tapaḥ taptvā . idam sarvam asṛjata . yat idam kiñca . tat sṛṣṭvā . tat eva anuprāviśat . tadanu praviśya . sat ca tyad ca abhavat . niruktam ca aniruktam ca . nilayanam ca a nilayanam ca . vijñānam ca a vijñānam ca . satyam ca anṛtam ca satyam abhavat . yat idam kiñca . tat satyam iti ācakṣate . tat api eṣa ślokaḥ bhavati .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
If anyone knows Brahman as non-existing, he himself becomes non-existent. If anyone knows that Brahman does exist, then they consider him as existing by virtue of that (knowledge). Of that preceding (blissful) one, this one is the embodied self. Hence hereafter follow these questions: After departing (from here) does any ignorant man go to the other world (or does he not)? Alternatively, does any man of knowledge, after departing (from here) reach the other world (or does he not)? He (the Self) wished, "Let me be many, let me be born. He undertook a deliberation. Having deliberated, he created all this that exists. That (Brahman), having created (that), entered into that very thing. And having entered there, It became the formed and the formless, the defined and the undefined, the sustaining and the non-sustaining, the sentient and the insentient, the true and the untrue. Truth became all this that there is. They call that Brahman Truth.
asat vai idam agre āsīt . tatas vai sat ajāyata . tadā ātmāna svayamakuruta . tasmāt tat su kṛtam ucyate iti . yat vai tat su kṛtam . rasaḥ vai saḥ . rasam hi eva ayam labdhvā ānandī bhavati . kaḥ hi eva anyāt kaḥ prāṇyāt . yat eṣaḥ ākāśaḥ ānandaḥ na syāt . eṣa hi eva ānandayāti . yadā hi eva eṣa etasmin adṛśye anātmye anirukte anilayane abhayaṃpratiṣṭhām vindate . atha saḥ abhayam gataḥ bhavati . yadā hi eva eṣa etasmin udaram antaram kurute . atha tasya bhayam bhavati . tat tu eva bhayam viduṣaḥ a manvānasya . tat api eṣa ślokaḥ bhavati .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
In the beginning all this was but the Un-manifested (Brahman). From that emerged the manifested. That Brahman created Itself by Itself. Therefore It is called the self-creator. That which is known as the self-creator is verily the source of joy; for one becomes happy by coming in contact with that source of joy. Who, indeed, will inhale, and who will exhale, if this Bliss be not there in the supreme space (within the heart). This one, indeed, enlivens (people). For whenever an aspirant gets fearlessly established in this un-perceivable, bodiless, inexpressible, and un-supporting Brahman, he reaches the state of fearlessness. For, whenever the aspirant creates the slightest difference in It, he is smitten with fear. Nevertheless, that very Brahman is a terror to the (so-called) learned man who lacks the unitive outlook.
Out of His fear the Wind blows. Out of fear the Sun rises. Out of His fear runs Fire, as also Indra, and Death, the fifth. This, then, is an evaluation of that Bliss: Suppose there is a young man - in the prime of life, good, learned, most expeditious, most strongly built, and most energetic. Suppose there lies this earth for him filled with wealth. This will be one unit of human joy.
स एको मनुष्यगन्धर्वाणामानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं मनुष्यगन्धर्वाणामानन्दाः । स एको देवगन्धर्वाणामानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं देवगन्धर्वाणामानन्दाः । स एकः पितृणां चिरलोकलोकानामानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं पितृणां चिरलोकलोकानामानन्दाः । स एक आजानजानां देवानामानन्दः ॥ २॥
PADACHEDA
सः एकः मनुष्य-गन्धर्वाणाम् आनन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य च अ काम-हतस्य । ते ये शतम् मनुष्य-गन्धर्वाणाम् आनन्दाः । सः एकः देवगन्धर्वाणाम् आनन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य च अ काम-हतस्य । ते ये शतम् देवगन्धर्वाणाम् आनन्दाः । सः एकः पितृणाम् चिरलोकलोकानाम् आनन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य च अ काम-हतस्य । ते ये शतम् पितृणाम् चिरलोकलोकानाम् आनन्दाः । सः एकः आजान-जानाम् देवानाम् आनन्दः ॥ २॥
TRANSLITERATION
saḥ ekaḥ manuṣya-gandharvāṇām ānandaḥ . śrotriyasya ca a kāma-hatasya . te ye śatam manuṣya-gandharvāṇām ānandāḥ . saḥ ekaḥ devagandharvāṇām ānandaḥ . śrotriyasya ca a kāma-hatasya . te ye śatam devagandharvāṇām ānandāḥ . saḥ ekaḥ pitṛṇām ciralokalokānām ānandaḥ . śrotriyasya ca a kāma-hatasya . te ye śatam pitṛṇām ciralokalokānām ānandāḥ . saḥ ekaḥ ājāna-jānām devānām ānandaḥ .. 2..
ENGLISH MEANING
If this human joy be multiplied a hundred times, it is one joy of the man-Gandharvas, and so also of a follower of the Vedas unaffected by desires. If this joy of the man-Gandharvas be multiplied a hundred times, it is one joy of the divine-Gandharvas, and so also of a follower of the Vedas unaffected by desires. If the joy of the divine-Gandharvas be increased a hundredfold, it is one joy of the manes whose world is everlasting, and so also of a follower of the Vedas unaffected by desires. If the joy of the manes that dwell in the everlasting world be increased a hundredfold, it is one joy of those that are born as gods in heaven, and so also of a follower of the Vedas untouched by desires.
श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं आजानजानां देवानामानन्दाः । स एकः कर्मदेवानां देवानामानन्दः । ये कर्मणा देवानपियन्ति । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं कर्मदेवानां देवानामानन्दाः । स एको देवानामानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं देवानामानन्दाः । स एक इन्द्रस्याऽऽनन्दः ॥ ३॥
PADACHEDA
श्रोत्रियस्य च अ काम-हतस्य । ते ये शतम् आजान-जानाम् देवानाम् आनन्दाः । सः एकः कर्म-देवानाम् देवानाम् आनन्दः । ये कर्मणा देवान् अपियन्ति । श्रोत्रियस्य च अ काम-हतस्य । ते ये शतम् कर्म-देवानाम् देवानाम् आनन्दाः । सः एकः देवानाम् आनन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य च अ काम-हतस्य । ते ये शतम् देवानाम् आनन्दाः । सः एकः इन्द्रस्य आनन्दः ॥ ३॥
TRANSLITERATION
śrotriyasya ca a kāma-hatasya . te ye śatam ājāna-jānām devānām ānandāḥ . saḥ ekaḥ karma-devānām devānām ānandaḥ . ye karmaṇā devān apiyanti . śrotriyasya ca a kāma-hatasya . te ye śatam karma-devānām devānām ānandāḥ . saḥ ekaḥ devānām ānandaḥ . śrotriyasya ca a kāma-hatasya . te ye śatam devānām ānandāḥ . saḥ ekaḥ indrasya ānandaḥ .. 3..
ENGLISH MEANING
If the joy of those that are born as gods in heaven be multiplied a hundredfold, it is one joy of the gods called the Karma-Devas, who reach the gods through Vedic rites, and so also of a follower of the Vedas unaffected by desires. If the joy of the gods, called the Karma-Devas, be multiplied a hundredfold, it is one joy of the gods, and so also of a follower of the Vedas untarnished by desires. If the joy of the gods be increased a hundred times, it is one joy of Indra, and so also of a follower of the Vedas unaffected by desires.
श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतमिन्द्रस्याऽऽनन्दाः । स एको बृहस्पतेरानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं बृहस्पतेरानन्दाः । स एकः प्रजापतेरानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं प्रजापतेरानन्दाः । स एको ब्रह्मण आनन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य ॥ ४॥
PADACHEDA
श्रोत्रियस्य च अ काम-हतस्य । ते ये शतम् इन्द्रस्य आनन्दाः । सः एकः बृहस्पतेः आनन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य च अ काम-हतस्य । ते ये शतम् बृहस्पतेः आनन्दाः । सः एकः प्रजापतेः आनन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य च अ काम-हतस्य । ते ये शतम् प्रजापतेः आनन्दाः । सः एकः ब्रह्मणः आनन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य च अ काम-हतस्य ॥ ४॥
TRANSLITERATION
śrotriyasya ca a kāma-hatasya . te ye śatam indrasya ānandāḥ . saḥ ekaḥ bṛhaspateḥ ānandaḥ . śrotriyasya ca a kāma-hatasya . te ye śatam bṛhaspateḥ ānandāḥ . saḥ ekaḥ prajāpateḥ ānandaḥ . śrotriyasya ca a kāma-hatasya . te ye śatam prajāpateḥ ānandāḥ . saḥ ekaḥ brahmaṇaḥ ānandaḥ . śrotriyasya ca a kāma-hatasya .. 4..
ENGLISH MEANING
If the joy of the gods be increased a hundred times, it is one joy of Indra, and so also of a follower of the Vedas unaffected by desires. If the joy of Indra be multiplied a hundredfold, it is one joy of Brihaspati and so also of a follower of the Vedas unaffected by desires. If the joy of Brihaspati be increased a hundred times, it is one joy of Virat, and so also of a follower of the Vedas untarnished by desires. If the joy of Virat be multiplied a hundred times, it is one joy of Hiranyagarbha, and so also of a follower of the Vedas unsullied by desires.
sa yaḥ ca ayam puruṣe . yaḥ ca asau āditye . saḥ ekaḥ . sa yaḥ evaṃvid . asmāt lokāt pretya . etam anna-mayam ātmānam upasaṅkrāmati . etam prāṇa-mayam ātmānam upasaṅkrāmati . etam manaḥ-mayam ātmānam upasaṅkrāmati . etam vijñāna-mayam ātmānam upasaṅkrāmati . etam ānanda-mayam ātmānam upasaṅkrāmati . tat api eṣa ślokaḥ bhavati .. 5..
ENGLISH MEANING
He that is here in the human person, and He that is there in the sun, are one. He who knows thus attains, after desisting from this world, this self made of food, attains this self made of vital force, attains this self made of mind, attains this self made of intelligence, attains this self made of bliss.
यतो वाचो निवर्तन्ते । अप्राप्य मनसा सह । आनन्दं ब्रह्मणो विद्वान् । न बिभेति कुतश्चनेति । एतꣳह वाव न तपति । किमहꣳसाधु नाकरवम् । किमहं पापमकरवमिति । स य एवं विद्वानेते आत्मान स्पृणुते । उभे ह्येवैष एते आत्मान स्पृणुते । य एवं वेद । इत्युपनिषत् ॥ १॥
PADACHEDA
यतस् वाचः निवर्तन्ते । अ प्राप्य मनसा सह । आनन्दम् ब्रह्मणः विद्वान् । न बिभेति कुतश्चन इति । एतम् ह वाव न तपति । किम् अहम् साधु न अकरवम् । किम् अहम् पापम् अकरवम् इति । स यः एवम् विद्वान् एते आत्मानः स्पृणुते । उभे हि एव एष एते आत्मानः स्पृणुते । यः एवम् वेद । इति उपनिषद् ॥ १॥
TRANSLITERATION
yatas vācaḥ nivartante . a prāpya manasā saha . ānandam brahmaṇaḥ vidvān . na bibheti kutaścana iti . etam ha vāva na tapati . kim aham sādhu na akaravam . kim aham pāpam akaravam iti . sa yaḥ evam vidvān ete ātmānaḥ spṛṇute . ubhe hi eva eṣa ete ātmānaḥ spṛṇute . yaḥ evam veda . iti upaniṣad .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
The enlightened man is not afraid of anything after realising that Bliss of Brahman, failing to reach which, words turn back along with the mind. Him, indeed, this remorse does not afflict: "Why did I not perform good deeds, and why did I perform bad deeds? He who is thus enlightened strengthens the Self with which these two are identical; for it is he, indeed, who knows thus, that can strengthen the Self which these two really are. This is the secret teaching.
ओम् सह नौ अवतु । सह नौ भुनक्तु । सह वीर्यम् करवावहै । तेजस्विनौ अधीतम् अस्तु मा विद्विषावहै । ओम् शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः ॥
TRANSLITERATION
om saha nau avatu . saha nau bhunaktu . saha vīryam karavāvahai . tejasvinau adhītam astu mā vidviṣāvahai . om śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ ..
ENGLISH MEANING
May He protect us both together. May He nourish us both together; May we both acquire strength together. Let our study be brilliant. May we not cavil at each other; Om! Peace! Peace! Peace!
ओम् सह नौ अवतु । सह नौ भुनक्तु । सह वीर्यम् करवावहै । तेजस्विनौ अधीतम् अस्तु मा विद्विषावहै । ओम् शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः ॥
TRANSLITERATION
om saha nau avatu . saha nau bhunaktu . saha vīryam karavāvahai . tejasvinau adhītam astu mā vidviṣāvahai . om śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ ..
ENGLISH MEANING
May He protect us both together. May He nourish us both together; May we both acquire strength together. Let our study be brilliant. May we not cavil at each other; Om! Peace! Peace! Peace!
bhṛguḥ vai vāruṇiḥ . varuṇam pitaram upasasāra . adhīhi bhagavaḥ brahma iti . tasmai etat provāca . annam prāṇam cakṣuḥ śrotram manaḥ vācam iti . tam ha uvāca . yatas vai imāni bhūtāni jāyante . yena jātāni jīvanti . yat prayanti abhisaṃviśanti . tat vijijñāsasva . tat brahma iti . sa tapaḥ atapyata . sa tapaḥ taptvā .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
Bhrigu, the well-known son of Varuna, approached his father Varuna with the (formal) request, "O, revered sir, teach me Brahman". To him he (Varuna) said this: "Food, vital force, eye, ear, mind, speech - (these are the aids to knowledge of Brahman)". To him he (Varuna) said: "Crave to know that from which all these beings take birth, that by which they live after being born, that towards which they move and into which they merge. That is Brahman". He practiced concentration. He, having practiced concentration,
annam brahma iti vyajānāt . annāt hi eva khalu imā anibhutāni jāyante . annena jātāni jīvanti . annam prayanti abhisaṃviśanti iti . tat vijñāya . punar eva varuṇam pitaram upasasāra . adhīhi bhagavaḥ brahma iti . tam ha uvāca . tapasā brahma vijijñāsasva . tapaḥ brahma iti . sa tapaḥ atapyata . sa tapaḥ taptvā .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
He realised food (i.e. Virat, the gross Cosmic person) as Brahman. For it is verily from food that all these beings take birth, on food they subsist after being born and they move towards and merge into food. Having realised that, he again approached his father Varuna with the (formal) request. "O, revered sir, teach me Brahman". To him he (Varuna) said: "Crave to know Brahman through concentration; concentration is Brahman". He practiced concentration. He, having practiced concentration,
prāṇaḥ brahma iti vyajānāt . prāṇāt hi eva khalu imāni bhūtāni jāyante . prāṇena jātāni jīvanti . prāṇam prayanti abhisaṃviśanti iti . tat vijñāya . punar eva varuṇam pitaram upasasāra . adhīhi bhagavaḥ brahma iti . tam ha uvāca . tapasā brahma vijijñāsasva . tapaḥ brahma iti . sa tapaḥ atapyata . sa tapaḥ taptvā .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
He knew the vital force as Brahman; for from the vital force, indeed, spring all these beings; having come into being, they live through the vital force; they move towards and enter into the vital force, Having known thus, he again approached his father Varuna with the (formal) request. "O, revered sir, teach me Brahman". To him he (Varuna) said: "Crave to know Brahman through concentration; concentration is Brahman". He practiced concentration. Having practiced concentration.
manaḥ brahma iti vyajānāt . manasaḥ hi eva khalu imāni bhūtāni jāyante . manasā jātāni jīvanti . manaḥ prayanti abhisaṃviśanti iti . tat vijñāya . punar eva varuṇam pitaram upasasāra . adhīhi bhagavaḥ brahma iti . tam ha uvāca . tapasā brahma vijijñāsasva . tapaḥ brahma iti . sa tapaḥ atapyata . sa tapaḥ taptvā .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
He knew mind as Brahman; for from mind, indeed, spring all these beings; having been born, they are sustained by mind; and they move towards and merge into mind. Having known that, he again approached his father Varuna with the (formal) request. "O, revered sir, teach me Brahman". To him he (Varuna) said: "Crave to know Brahman through concentration; concentration is Brahman". He practiced concentration. Having practiced concentration.
vijñānam brahma iti vyajānāt . vijñānāt hi eva khalu imāni bhūtāni jāyante . vijñānena jātāni jīvanti . vijñānam prayanti abhisaṃviśanti iti . tat vijñāya . punar eva varuṇam pitaram upasasāra . adhīhi bhagavaḥ brahma iti . tam ha uvāca . tapasā brahma vijijñāsasva . tapaḥ brahma iti . sa tapaḥ atapyata . sa tapaḥ taptvā .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
He knew knowledge as Brahman; for from knowledge, indeed, spring all these beings; having been born, they are sustained by knowledge; they move towards and merge in knowledge. Having known that, he again approached his father Varuna with the (formal) request. "O, revered sir, teach me Brahman". To him he (Varuna) said: "Crave to know Brahman through concentration; concentration is Brahman". He practiced concentration. Having practiced concentration.
He knew Bliss as Brahman; for from Bliss, indeed, all these beings originate; Having been born, they are sustained by Bliss; they move towards and merge in Bliss. This knowledge realised by Bhrigu and imparted by Varuna (starts from the food-self and) terminates in the supreme (Bliss), established in the cavity of the heart. He who knows thus becomes firmly established; he becomes the possessor of food and the eater of food; and he becomes great in progeny, cattle and the luster of holiness, and great in glory.
annam na nindyāt . tat vratam . prāṇaḥ vai annam . śarīram anna-ādam . prāṇe śarīram pratiṣṭhitam . śarīre prāṇaḥ pratiṣṭhitaḥ . tat etat annam anne pratiṣṭhitam . sa yaḥ etat annam anne pratiṣṭhitam veda pratitiṣṭhati . annavān anna-ādaḥ bhavati . mahān bhavati prajayā a paśubhiḥ brahmavarcasena . mahān kīrtyā .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
His vow is that, he should not deprecate food. The vital force is verily the food, and the body is the eater; for the vital force is lodged in the body. (Again, the body is the food and the vital force is the eater, for) the body is fixed on the vital force. Thus (the body and vital force are both foods; and) one food is lodged in another. He who knows thus that one food is lodged in another, gets firmly established. He becomes a possessor and an eater of food. He becomes great in progeny, cattle, and the luster of holiness and great in glory.
annam na paricakṣīta . tat vratam . āpaḥ vai annam . jyotiḥ anna-ādam . apsu jyotiḥ pratiṣṭhitam . jyotiṣi āpaḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ . tat etat annam anne pratiṣṭhitam . sa yaḥ etat annam anne pratiṣṭhitam veda pratitiṣṭhati . annavān anna-ādaḥ bhavati . mahān bhavati prajayā a paśubhiḥ brahmavarcasena . mahān kīrtyā .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
His vow is that he should not discard food. Water, indeed, is food; fire is the eater; for water is established on fire. (Fire is food and water is the eater, for) fire resides in water. Thus one food is lodged in another food. He who knows thus that one food is lodged in another, gets firmly established. He becomes a possessor and an eater of food. He becomes great in progeny, cattle, and the luster of holiness and great in glory.
annam bahu kurvīta . tat vratam . pṛthivī vai annam . ākāśaḥ anna-ādaḥ . pṛthivyām ākāśaḥ pratiṣṭhitaḥ . ākāśe pṛthivī pratiṣṭhitā . tat etat annam anne pratiṣṭhitam . sa yaḥ etat annam anne pratiṣṭhitam veda pratitiṣṭhati . annavān anna-ādaḥ bhavati . mahān bhavati prajayā a paśubhiḥ brahmavarcasena . mahān kīrtyā .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
His vow is that he should make food plentiful. Earth is food; space is eater; for earth is placed in space. (Space is food; and earth is eater, for) space is placed on earth. Thus one food is lodged in another food. He who knows thus that one food is lodged in another, gets firmly established. He becomes a possessor and an eater of food. He becomes great in progeny, cattle, and the lustre of holiness and great in glory.
. brahma-ānanda-anubhavaḥ na kañcana vasatau pratyācakṣīta . tat vratam . tasmāt yayā kayā ca vidhayā bahu annam prāpnuyāt . arādhi asmai annam iti ācakṣate . etat vai mukhataḥ annam rāddham . mukhataḥ asmai annam rādhyate . etat vai madhyataḥ annam̐rāddham . madhyatas asmai annam rādhyate . ā idam advai antatas annam rāddham . antatas asmai rādhyate .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
His vow is that he should not refuse anyone come for shelter. Therefore one should collect plenty of food by whatsoever means he may. (And one should collect food for the further reason that) they say, "Food is ready for him". Because he offers cooked food in his early age with honour, food falls to his share in the early age with honour. Because he offers food in his middle age with medium courtesy, food falls to his share in his middle age with medium honour. Because he offers food in his old age with scant esteem, food falls to his share in old age with scant consideration.
To him who knows thus . (Brahman is to be meditated on) as preservation in speech; as acquisition and preservation in exhaling and inhaling; as action in the hands; as movement in the feet; discharge in the anus. There are meditations on the human plane. Then follow the divine ones. (Brahman is to be meditated on) as contentment in rain; as energy in lightning.
Brahman is to be worshiped as fame in beasts; as light in the stars; as procreation, immortality, and joy in the generative organ; as everything in space. One should meditate on that Brahman as the support; thereby one becomes supported. One should meditate on that Brahman as great; thereby one becomes great. One should meditate on It as thinking; thereby one becomes able to think.
tat namaḥ iti upāsīta . namyante asmai kāmāḥ . tat brahma iti upāsīta . brahmavān bhavati . tat brahmaṇaḥ parimaraḥ iti upāsīta . paryeṇam mriyante dviṣantaḥ sapatnāḥ . pari ye apriyāḥ bhrātṛvyāḥ . sa yaḥ ca ayam puruṣe . yaḥ ca asau āditye . saḥ ekaḥ .. 4..
ENGLISH MEANING
One should meditate on It as bowing down; thereby the enjoyable things bow down to one. One should meditate on It as the most exalted; Thereby one becomes exalted. One should meditate on It as Brahman's medium of destruction; thereby the adversaries that envy such a one die, and so do the enemies whom this one dislikes. This being that is in the human personality and the being that is there in the sun are one.
He who knows thus, attains, after desisting from this world, this self made of food. After attaining this self made of food then, attaining this self made of vital force, then attaining this self made of mind, then attaining this self made of intelligence, then attaining this self made of bliss, and roaming over these worlds with command over food at will and command over all forms at will, he continues singing this Sama song: "Halloo! Halloo! Halloo!
am the food, I am the food, I am the food; I am the eater, I am the eater, I am the eater; I am the unifier, I am the unifier, I am the unifier; I am (Hiranyagarbha) the first born of this world consisting of the formed and the formless, I (as Virat) am earlier than the gods. I am the navel of immortality. He who offers me thus (as food), protect me just as I am. I, food as I am, eat him up who eats food without offering. I defeat (i.e. engulf) the entire universe. Our effulgence is like that of the sun. This is the Upanishad.
ओम् सह नौ अवतु । सह नौ भुनक्तु । सह वीर्यम् करवावहै । तेजस्वि नौ अधीतम् अस्तु मा विद्विषावहै । ॥ ओम् शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः ॥
TRANSLITERATION
om saha nau avatu . saha nau bhunaktu . saha vīryam karavāvahai . tejasvi nau adhītam astu mā vidviṣāvahai . .. om śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ ..
ENGLISH MEANING
Om! May He protect us both together; may He nourish us both together; May we work conjointly with great energy, May our study be vigorous and effective; May we not mutually dispute (or may we not hate any). Om! Let there be Peace in me! Let there be Peace in my environment! Let there be Peace in the forces that act on me!