अथ प्रथमोऽध्यायः ।
atha prathamo'dhyayah ।
Thus begins the first chapter of the holy Srimad Bhagavad Gita.
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच । / dhrtarastra uvacha ।
धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः ।
मामकाः पाण्डवाश्चैव किमकुर्वत सञ्जय ॥ 1 ॥
dharmaksetre kuruksetre samaveta yuyutsavah ।
mamakah pandavaschaiva kimakurvata sañjaya ॥ 1 ॥
Dhrtarastra said: O Sañjaya, after my sons and the sons of Pandu assembled in the place of pilgrimage at Kuruksetra, desiring to fight, what did they do?
सञ्जय उवाच । / sañjaya uvacha ।
दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा ।
आचार्यमुपसङ्गम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत् ॥ 2 ॥
drstva tu pandavanikam vyudham duryodhanastada ।
acharyamupasaṅgamya raja vachanamabravit ॥ 2 ॥
Sañjaya said: O King, after looking over the army arranged in military formation by the sons of Pandu, King Duryodhana went to his teacher and spoke the following words.
पश्यैतां पाण्डुपुत्राणामाचार्य महतीं चमूम् ।
व्यूढां द्रुपदपुत्रेण तव शिष्येण धीमता ॥ 3 ॥
pasyaitam panduputranamacharya mahatim chamum ।
vyudham drupadaputrena tava sisyena dhimata ॥ 3 ॥
O my teacher, behold the great army of the sons of Pandu, so expertly arranged by your intelligent disciple the son of Drupada.
अत्र शूरा महेष्वासा भीमार्जुनसमा युधि ।
युयुधानो विराटश्च द्रुपदश्च महारथः ॥ 4 ॥
atra sura mahesvasa bhimarjunasama yudhi ।
yuyudhano viratascha drupadascha maharathah ॥ 4 ॥
Here in this army are many heroic bowmen equal in fighting to Bhima and Arjuna: great fighters like Yuyudhana, Virata and Drupada.
धृष्टकेतुश्चेकितानः काशिराजश्च वीर्यवान् ।
पुरुजित्कुन्तिभोजश्च शैब्यश्च नरपुङ्गवः ॥ 5 ॥
dhrstaketuschekitanah kasirajascha viryavan ।
purujitkuntibhojascha saibyascha narapuṅgavah ॥ 5 ॥
There are also great heroic, powerful fighters like Dhrstaketu, Cekitana, Kasiraja, Purujit, Kuntibhoja and saibya.
युधामन्युश्च विक्रान्त उत्तमौजाश्च वीर्यवान् ।
सौभद्रो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्व एव महारथाः ॥ 6 ॥
yudhamanyuscha vikranta uttamaujascha viryavan ।
saubhadro draupadeyascha sarva eva maharathah ॥ 6 ॥
There are the mighty Yudhamanyu, the very powerful Uttamauja, the son of Subhadra and the sons of Draupadi. All these warriors are great chariot fighters.
अस्माकं तु विशिष्टा ये तान्निबोध द्विजोत्तम ।
नायका मम सैन्यस्य सञ्ज्ञार्थं तान्ब्रवीमि ते ॥ 7 ॥
asmakam tu visista ye tannibodha dvijottama ।
nayaka mama sainyasya sañjñartham tanbravimi te ॥ 7 ॥
But for your information, O best of the brahmanas, let me tell you about the captains who are especially qualified to lead my military force.
भवान्भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च कृपश्च समितिञ्जयः ।
अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च सौमदत्तिस्तथैव च ॥ 8 ॥
bhavanbhismascha karnascha krpascha samitiñjayah ।
asvatthama vikarnascha saumadattistathaiva cha ॥ 8 ॥
There are personalities like you, Bhisma, Karna, Krpa, Asvatthama, Vikarna and the son of Somadatta called Bhurisrava, who are always victorious in battle.
अन्ये च बहवः शूरा मदर्थे त्यक्तजीविताः ।
नानाशस्त्रप्रहरणाः सर्वे युद्धविशारदाः ॥ 9 ॥
anye cha bahavah sura madarthe tyaktajivitah ।
nanasastrapraharanah sarve yuddhavisaradah ॥ 9 ॥
There are many other heroes who are prepared to lay down their lives for my sake. All of them are well equipped with different kinds of weapons, and all are experienced in military science.
अपर्याप्तं तदस्माकं बलं भीष्माभिरक्षितम् ।
पर्याप्तं त्विदमेतेषां बलं भीमाभिरक्षितम् ॥ 10 ॥
aparyaptam tadasmakam balam bhismabhiraksitam ।
paryaptam tvidametesam balam bhimabhiraksitam ॥ 10 ॥
Our strength is immeasurable, and we are perfectly protected by Grandfather Bhisma, whereas the strength of the Pandavas, carefully protected by Bhima, is limited
अयनेषु च सर्वेषु यथाभागमवस्थिताः ।
भीष्ममेवाभिरक्षन्तु भवन्तः सर्व एव हि ॥ 11 ॥
ayanesu cha sarvesu yathabhagamavasthitah ।
bhismamevabhiraksantu bhavantah sarva eva hi ॥ 11 ॥
All of you must now give full support to Grandfather Bhisma, as you stand at your respective strategic points of entrance into the phalanx of the army.
तस्य सञ्जनयन्हर्षं कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः ।
सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान् ॥ 12 ॥
tasya sañjanayanharsam kuruvrddhah pitamahah ।
simhanadam vinadyochchaih saṅkham dadhmau pratapavan ॥ 12 ॥
Then Bhisma, the great valiant grandsire of the Kuru dynasty, the grandfather of the fighters, blew his conchshell very loudly, making a sound like the roar of a lion, giving Duryodhana joy.
ततः शङ्खाश्च भेर्यश्च पणवानकगोमुखाः ।
सहसैवाभ्यहन्यन्त स शब्दस्तुमुलोऽभवत् ॥ 13 ॥
tatah saṅkhascha bheryascha panavanakagomukhah ।
sahasaivabhyahanyanta sa sabdastumulo'bhavat ॥ 13 ॥
After that, the conchshells, drums, bugles, trumpets and horns were all suddenly sounded, and the combined sound was tumultuous.
ततः श्वेतैर्हयैर्युक्ते महति स्यन्दने स्थितौ ।
माधवः पाण्डवश्चैव दिव्यौ शङ्खौ प्रदघ्मतुः ॥ 14 ॥
tatah svetairhayairyukte mahati syandane sthitau ।
madhavah pandavaschaiva divyau saṅkhau pradaghmatuh ॥ 14 ॥
On the other side, both Lord Krsna and Arjuna, stationed on a great chariot drawn by white horses, sounded their transcendental conchshells.
पाञ्चजन्यं हृषीकेशो देवदत्तं धनञ्जयः ।
पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खं भीमकर्मा वृकोदरः ॥ 15 ॥
pañchajanyam hrsikeso devadattam dhanañjayah ।
paundram dadhmau mahasaṅkham bhimakarma vrkodarah ॥ 15 ॥
Lord Krsna blew His conchshell, called Pañcajanya; Arjuna blew his, the Devadatta; and Bhima, the voracious eater and performer of herculean tasks, blew his terrific conchshell, called Paundra.
अनन्तविजयं राजा कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ।
नकुलः सहदेवश्च सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ ॥ 16 ॥
anantavijayam raja kuntiputro yudhisthirah ।
nakulah sahadevascha sughosamanipuspakau ॥ 16 ॥
King Yudhisthira, the son of Kunti, blew his conchshell, the Ananta-vijaya, and Nakula and Sahadeva blew the Sughosa and Manipuspaka.
काश्यश्च परमेष्वासः शिखण्डी च महारथः ।
धृष्टद्युम्नो विराटश्च सात्यकिश्चापराजितः ॥ 17 ॥
kasyascha paramesvasah sikhandi cha maharathah ।
dhrstadyumno viratascha satyakischaparajitah ॥ 17 ॥
That great archer the King of Kasi, the great fighter sikhandi, Dhrstadyumna, Virata, the unconquerable Satyaki, all blew their respective conchshells.
द्रुपदो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्वशः पृथिवीपते ।
सौभद्रश्च महाबाहुः शङ्खान्दध्मुः पृथक्पृथक् ॥ 18 ॥
drupado draupadeyascha sarvasah prthivipate ।
saubhadrascha mahabahuh saṅkhandadhmuh prthakprthak ॥ 18 ॥
Drupada, the sons of Draupadi, and others, O King, such as the mighty-armed son of Subhadra, all blew their respective conchshells.
स घोषो धार्तराष्ट्राणां हृदयानि व्यदारयत् ।
नभश्च पृथिवीं चैव तुमुलो व्यनुनादयन् ॥ 19 ॥
sa ghoso dhartarastranam hrdayani vyadarayat ।
nabhascha prthivim chaiva tumulo vyanunadayan ॥ 19 ॥
The blowing of these different conchshells became uproarious. Vibrating both in the sky and on the earth, it shattered the hearts of the sons of Dhrtarastra.
अथ व्यवस्थितान्दृष्ट्वा धार्तराष्ट्रान्कपिध्वजः ।
प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसम्पाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः ॥ 20 ॥
हृषीकेशं तदा वाक्यमिदमाह महीपते।
atha vyavasthitandrstva dhartarastrankapidhvajah ।
pravrtte sastrasampate dhanurudyamya pandavah ॥ 20 ॥
hrsikesam tada vakyamidamaha mahipate।
At that time Arjuna, the son of Pandu, seated in the chariot bearing the flag marked with Hanuman, took up his bow and prepared to shoot his arrows. O King, after looking at the sons of Dhrtarastra drawn in military array, Arjuna then spoke to Lord Krsna these words.
अर्जुन उवाच । / arjuna uvacha ।
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये रथं स्थापय मेऽच्युत ॥ 21 ॥
यावदेतान्निरीक्षेऽहं योद्धुकामानवस्थितान् ।
कैर्मया सह योद्धव्यमस्मिन्रणसमुद्यमे ॥ 22 ॥
senayorubhayormadhye ratham sthapaya me'chyuta ॥ 21 ॥
yavadetannirikse'ham yoddhukamanavasthitan ।
kairmaya saha yoddhavyamasminranasamudyame ॥ 22 ॥
Arjuna said: O infallible one, please draw my chariot between the two armies so that I may see those present here, who desire to fight, and with whom I must contend in this great trial of arms.
योत्स्यमानानवेक्षेऽहं य एतेऽत्र समागताः ।
धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः ॥ 23 ॥
yotsyamananavekse'ham ya ete'tra samagatah ।
dhartarastrasya durbuddheryuddhe priyachikirsavah ॥ 23 ॥
Let me see those who have come here to fight, wishing to please the evil-minded son of Dhrtarastra.
सञ्जय उवाच । / sañjaya uvacha ।
एवमुक्तो हृषीकेशो गुडाकेशेन भारत ।
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये स्थापयित्वा रथोत्तमम् ॥ 24 ॥
evamukto hrsikeso gudakesena bharata ।
senayorubhayormadhye sthapayitva rathottamam ॥ 24 ॥
Sañjaya said: O descendant of Bharata, having thus been addressed by Arjuna, Lord Krsna drew up the fine chariot in the midst of the armies of both parties.
भीष्मद्रोणप्रमुखतः सर्वेषां च महीक्षिताम् ।
उवाच पार्थ पश्यैतान्समवेतान्कुरूनिति ॥ 25 ॥
bhismadronapramukhatah sarvesam cha mahiksitam ।
uvacha partha pasyaitansamavetankuruniti ॥ 25 ॥
In the presence of Bhisma, Drona and all the other chieftains of the world, the Lord said, “Just behold, Partha, all the Kurus assembled here.”
तत्रापश्यत्स्थितान्पार्थः पितॄनथ पितामहान् ।
आचार्यान्मातुलान्भ्रातॄन्पुत्रान्पौत्रान्सखींस्तथा ॥ 26 ॥
श्वशुरान्सुहृदश्चैव सेनयोरुभयोरपि ।
tatrapasyatsthitanparthah pitṝnatha pitamahan ।
acharyanmatulanbhratṝnputranpautransakhimstatha ॥ 26 ॥
svasuransuhrdaschaiva senayorubhayorapi ।
There Arjuna could see, within the midst of the armies of both parties, his fathers, grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, friends, and also his fathers-in-law and well-wishers.
तान्समीक्ष्य स कौन्तेयः सर्वान्बन्धूनवस्थितान् ॥ 27 ॥
कृपया परयाविष्टो विषीदन्निदमब्रवीत्।
tansamiksya sa kaunteyah sarvanbandhunavasthitan ॥ 27 ॥
krpaya parayavisto visidannidamabravit।
When the son of Kunti, Arjuna, saw all these different grades of friends and relatives, he became overwhelmed with compassion and spoke thus.
अर्जुन उवाच । / arjuna uvacha ।
दृष्ट्वेमं स्वजनं कृष्ण युयुत्सुं समुपस्थितम् ॥ 28 ॥
drstvemam svajanam krsna yuyutsum samupasthitam ॥ 28 ॥
Arjuna said: Seeing these my kinsmen, O Krishna, arrayed, eager to fight,
सीदन्ति मम गात्राणि मुखं च परिशुष्यति ।
वेपथुश्च शरीरे मे रोमहर्षश्च जायते ॥ 29 ॥
sidanti mama gatrani mukham cha parisusyati ।
vepathuscha sarire me romaharsascha jayate ॥ 29 ॥
My limbs fail and my mouth is parched, my body quivers and my hair stands on end.
गाण्डीवं स्रंसते हस्तात्त्वक्चैव परिदह्यते ।
न च शक्नोम्यवस्थातुं भ्रमतीव च मे मनः ॥ 30 ॥
gandivam sramsate hastattvakchaiva paridahyate ।
na cha saknomyavasthatum bhramativa cha me manah ॥ 30 ॥
The Gandiva-bow slips from my hand, and my skin burns all over; I am also unable to stand and my mind is whirling round, as it were.
निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव ।
न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनमाहवे ॥ 31 ॥
nimittani cha pasyami viparitani kesava ।
na cha sreyo'nupasyami hatva svajanamahave ॥ 31 ॥
And I see adverse omens, O Keshava. Nor do I see any good in killing my kinsmen in battle.
न काङ्क्षे विजयं कृष्ण न च राज्यं सुखानि च ।
किं नो राज्येन गोविन्द किं भोगैर्जीवितेन वा ॥ 32 ॥
na kaṅkse vijayam krsna na cha rajyam sukhani cha ।
kim no rajyena govinda kim bhogairjivitena va ॥ 32 ॥
For, I desire not victory, O Krishna, nor kingdom, nor pleasures. Of what avail is dominion to us, O Govinda? Of what avail are pleasures or even life itself?
येषामर्थे काङ्क्षितं नो राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च ।
त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणांस्त्यक्त्वा धनानि च ॥ 33 ॥
yesamarthe kaṅksitam no rajyam bhogah sukhani cha ।
ta ime'vasthita yuddhe pranamstyaktva dhanani cha ॥ 33 ॥
They for whose sake we desire kingdom, enjoyment and pleasures stand here in battle, having renounced life and wealth.
आचार्याः पितरः पुत्रास्तथैव च पितामहाः ।
मातुलाः श्वशुराः पौत्राः श्यालाः सम्बन्धिनस्तथा ॥ 34 ॥
acharyah pitarah putrastathaiva cha pitamahah ।
matulah svasurah pautrah syalah sambandhinastatha ॥ 34 ॥
Teachers, fathers, sons and also grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law and other relatives
एतान्न हन्तुमिच्छामि घ्नतोऽपि मधुसूदन ।
अपि त्रैलोक्यराज्यस्य हेतोः किं नु महीकृते ॥ 35 ॥
etanna hantumichChami ghnato'pi madhusudana ।
api trailokyarajyasya hetoh kim nu mahikrte ॥ 35 ॥
These I do not wish to kill, though they kill me, O Madhusudana, even for the sake of dominion over the three worlds; how much less for the sake of the earth.
निहत्य धार्तराष्ट्रान्नः का प्रीतिः स्याज्जनार्दन ।
पापमेवाश्रयेदस्मान्हत्वैतानाततायिनः ॥ 36 ॥
nihatya dhartarastrannah ka pritih syajjanardana ।
papamevasrayedasmanhatvaitanatatayinah ॥ 36 ॥
Killing these sons of Dhritarashtra, what pleasure can be ours, O Janardana? Sin alone will be our gain by killing these felons.
तस्मान्नार्हा वयं हन्तुं धार्तराष्ट्रान्स्वबान्धवान् ।
स्वजनं हि कथं हत्वा सुखिनः स्याम माधव ॥ 37 ॥
tasmannarha vayam hantum dhartarastransvabandhavan ।
svajanam hi katham hatva sukhinah syama madhava ॥ 37 ॥
Therefore we shall not kill the sons of Dhritarashtra, our relatives; for how can we be happy by killing our own people, O Madhava?
यद्यप्येते न पश्यन्ति लोभोपहतचेतसः ।
कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम् ॥ 38 ॥
yadyapyete na pasyanti lobhopahatachetasah ।
kulaksayakrtam dosam mitradrohe cha patakam ॥ 38 ॥
Though these, with their intelligence clouded by greed, see no evil in the destruction of the families in the society, and no sin in their cruelty to friends
कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः पापादस्मान्निवर्तितुम् ।
कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन ॥ 39 ॥
katham na jñeyamasmabhih papadasmannivartitum ।
kulaksayakrtam dosam prapasyadbhirjanardana ॥ 39 ॥
Why should not we, who clearly see evil in the destruction of the family-units, learn to turn away from this sin, O Janardana?
कुलक्षये प्रणश्यन्ति कुलधर्माः सनातनाः ।
धर्मे नष्टे कुलं कृत्स्नमधर्मोऽभिभवत्युत ॥ 40 ॥
kulaksaye pranasyanti kuladharmah sanatanah ।
dharme naste kulam krtsnamadharmo'bhibhavatyuta ॥ 40 ॥
In the destruction of a family, the immemorial religious rites of that family perish; on the destruction of spirituality, impiety overcomes the whole family.
अधर्माभिभवात्कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः ।
स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वार्ष्णेय जायते वर्णसङ्करः ॥ 41 ॥
adharmabhibhavatkrsna pradusyanti kulastriyah ।
strisu dustasu varsneya jayate varnasaṅkarah ॥ 41 ॥
By the prevalence of impiety, O Krishna, the women of the family become corrupt; and women being corrupted, O descendent of the Vrishni-clan, there arises intermingling of castes
सङ्करो नरकायैव कुलघ्नानां कुलस्य च ।
पतन्ति पितरो ह्येषां लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः ॥ 42 ॥
saṅkaro narakayaiva kulaghnanam kulasya cha ।
patanti pitaro hyesam luptapindodakakriyah ॥ 42 ॥
Confusion of castes leads the slayer of the family to hell; for their forefathers fall, deprived of the offerings of pinda and water.
दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानां वर्णसङ्करकारकैः ।
उत्साद्यन्ते जातिधर्माः कुलधर्माश्च शाश्वताः ॥ 43 ॥
dosairetaih kulaghnanam varnasaṅkarakarakaih ।
utsadyante jatidharmah kuladharmascha sasvatah ॥ 43 ॥
By these evil deeds of the destroyers of the family, which cause confusion of castes, the eternal religious rites of the caste and the family are destroyed.
उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां मनुष्याणां जनार्दन ।
नरकेऽनियतं वासो भवतीत्यनुशुश्रुम ॥ 44 ॥
utsannakuladharmanam manusyanam janardana ।
narake'niyatam vaso bhavatityanususruma ॥ 44 ॥
We have heard, O Janardana, that it is inevitable for those men, in whose families the religious practices have been destroyed, to dwell in hell for an unknown period of time.
अहो बत महत्पापं कर्तुं व्यवसिता वयम् ।
यद्राज्यसुखलोभेन हन्तुं स्वजनमुद्यताः ॥ 45 ॥
aho bata mahatpapam kartum vyavasita vayam ।
yadrajyasukhalobhena hantum svajanamudyatah ॥ 45 ॥
Alas! We are involved in a great sin, in that we are prepared to kill our kinsmen, from greed for the pleasures of the kingdom.
यदि मामप्रतीकारमशस्त्रं शस्त्रपाणयः ।
धार्तराष्ट्रा रणे हन्युस्तन्मे क्षेमतरं भवेत् ॥ 46 ॥
yadi mamapratikaramasastram sastrapanayah ।
dhartarastra rane hanyustanme ksemataram bhavet ॥ 46 ॥
If the sons of Dhritarashtra, weapons-in-hand, slay me in battle, unresisting and unarmed, that would be better for me.
सञ्जय उवाच । / sañjaya uvacha ।
एवमुक्त्वार्जुनः सङ्ख्ये रथोपस्थ उपाविशत् ।
विसृज्य सशरं चापं शोकसंविग्नमानसः ॥ 47 ॥
evamuktvarjunah saṅkhye rathopastha upavisat ।
visrjya sasaram chapam sokasamvignamanasah ॥ 47 ॥
Sanjaya said : Having thus spoken in the midst of the battle-field, Arjuna sat down on the seat of the chariot, casting away his bow and arrow, with a mind distressed with sorrow.
ॐ तत्सदिति श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतासूपनिषत्सु ब्रह्मविद्यायां योगशास्त्रे श्रीकृष्णार्जुनसंवादे
अर्जुनविषादयोगो नाम प्रथमोऽध्यायः ॥1 ॥
om tatsaditi srimadbhagavadgitasupanisatsu brahmavidyayam yogasastre srikrsnarjunasamvade
arjunavisadayogo nama prathamo'dhyayah ॥1 ॥
AUM, "THAT" is "IT". Thus, the first section of the Auspicious Bhagavad Gita,named Arjuna's Vishadh Yoga[Arjuna'a Grief], From the Upanishads, The Knowledge of Supreme Consciousness, From the Knowledge of Yoga, a conversation between Lord Krishna and Arjuna.
ॐ श्री परमात्मने नमः
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