ॐ श्री परमात्मने नमः।
अथ श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता ।
प्रथमोऽध्यायः - अर्जुनविषादयोगः ॥
oṃ śrī paramātmane namaḥ.
atha śrīmadbhagavadgītā .
prathamo'dhyāyaḥ - arjunaviṣādayogaḥ ..
Thus begins the first chapter of the holy Srimad Bhagavad Gita.
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच । / dhrtarastra uvacha ।
धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः ।
मामकाः पाण्डवाश्चैव किमकुर्वत सञ्जय ॥ 1 ॥
dharmakṣetre kurukṣetre samavetā yuyutsavaḥ .
māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāścaiva kimakurvata sañjaya .. 1 ..
Dhrtarastra said: O Sañjaya, after my sons and the sons of Pandu assembled in the place of pilgrimage at Kuruksetra, desiring to fight, what did they do?
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच |
King Dhritarashtra said |
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca |
धर्मक्षेत्रे |
in the place of pilgrimage |
dharmakṣetre |
कुरुक्षेत्रे |
in the place named Kuruksetra |
kurukṣetre |
समवेताः |
assembled |
samavetāḥ |
युयुत्सवः |
desiring to fight |
yuyutsavaḥ |
मामकाः |
my party (sons) |
māmakāḥ |
पाण्डवाः |
the sons of Pandu |
pāṇḍavāḥ |
च |
and |
ca |
एव |
certainly |
eva |
किं |
what |
kiṃ |
अकुर्वत |
did they do |
akurvata |
सञ्जय |
O Sanjaya. |
sañjaya |
Dhrtarastra said: O Sañjaya, after my sons and the sons of Pandu assembled in the place of pilgrimage at Kuruksetra, desiring to fight, what did they do? |
सञ्जय उवाच । / sañjaya uvacha ।
दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा ।
आचार्यमुपसङ्गम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत् ॥ 2 ॥
dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṃ vyūḍhaṃ duryodhanastadā .
ācāryamupasaṅgamya rājā vacanamabravīt .. 2 ..
Sañjaya said: O King, after looking over the army arranged in military formation by the sons of Pandu, King Duryodhana went to his teacher and spoke the following words.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
सञ्जय उवाच |
Sanjaya said |
sañjaya uvāca |
दृष्ट्वा |
after seeing |
dṛṣṭvā |
तु |
but |
tu |
पाण्डवानीकं |
the soldiers of the Pandavas |
pāṇḍavānīkaṃ |
व्यूढं |
arranged in a military formation |
vyūḍhaṃ |
दुर्योधनः |
King Duryodhana |
duryodhanaḥ |
तदा |
at that time |
tadā |
आचार्यं |
the teacher |
ācāryaṃ |
उपसङ्गम्य |
approaching |
upasaṅgamya |
राजा |
the king |
rājā |
वचनं |
word |
vacanaṃ |
अब्रवीत् |
spoke. |
abravīt |
Sañjaya said: O King, after looking over the army arranged in military formation by the sons of Pandu, King Duryodhana went to his teacher and spoke the following words. |
पश्यैतां पाण्डुपुत्राणामाचार्य महतीं चमूम् ।
व्यूढां द्रुपदपुत्रेण तव शिष्येण धीमता ॥ 3 ॥
paśyaitāṃ pāṇḍuputrāṇāmācārya mahatīṃ camūm .
vyūḍhāṃ drupadaputreṇa tava śiṣyeṇa dhīmatā .. 3 ..
O my teacher, behold the great army of the sons of Pandu, so expertly arranged by your intelligent disciple the son of Drupada.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
पश्य |
behold |
paśya |
एतां |
this |
etāṃ |
पाण्डुपुत्राणां |
of the sons of Pandu |
pāṇḍuputrāṇāṃ |
आचार्य |
O teacher |
ācārya |
महतीं |
great |
mahatīṃ |
चमूं |
military fहे!rce |
camūṃ |
व्यूढां |
arranged |
vyūḍhāṃ |
द्रुपदपुत्रेण |
by the sहे!n हे!f Drupada |
drupadaputreṇa |
तव |
your |
tava |
शिष्येण |
disciple |
śiṣyeṇa |
धीमता |
very intelligent. |
dhīmatā |
O my teacher, behold the great army of the sons of Pandu, so expertly arranged by your intelligent disciple the son of Drupada. |
अत्र शूरा महेष्वासा भीमार्जुनसमा युधि ।
युयुधानो विराटश्च द्रुपदश्च महारथः ॥ 4 ॥
atra śūrā maheṣvāsā bhīmārjunasamā yudhi .
yuyudhāno virāṭaśca drupadaśca mahārathaḥ .. 4 ..
Here in this army are many heroic bowmen equal in fighting to Bhima and Arjuna: great fighters like Yuyudhana, Virata and Drupada.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
अत्र |
here |
atra |
शूराः |
heroes |
śūrāḥ |
महेश्वासाः |
mighty bowmen |
maheśvāsāḥ |
भीमार्जुन |
to Bhima and Arjuna |
bhīmārjuna |
समाः |
equal |
samāḥ |
युधि |
in the fight |
yudhi |
युयुधानः |
Yuyudhana |
yuyudhānaḥ |
विराटः |
Virata |
virāṭaḥ |
च |
also |
ca |
द्रुपदः |
Drupada |
drupadaḥ |
च |
also |
ca |
महारथः |
great fighter. |
mahārathaḥ |
Here in this army are many heroic bowmen equal in fighting to Bhima and Arjuna: great fighters like Yuyudhana, Virata and Drupada. |
धृष्टकेतुश्चेकितानः काशिराजश्च वीर्यवान् ।
पुरुजित्कुन्तिभोजश्च शैब्यश्च नरपुङ्गवः ॥ 5 ॥
dhṛṣṭaketuścekitānaḥ kāśirājaśca vīryavān .
purujitkuntibhojaśca śaibyaśca narapuṅgavaḥ .. 5 ..
There are also great heroic, powerful fighters like Dhrstaketu, Cekitana, Kasiraja, Purujit, Kuntibhoja and saibya.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
धृष्टकेतुः |
Dhrishtaketu |
dhṛṣṭaketuḥ |
चेकितानः |
Cekitana |
cekitānaḥ |
काशिराजः |
Kasiraja |
kāśirājaḥ |
च |
also |
ca |
वीर्यवान् |
very powerful |
vīryavān |
पुरुजित् |
Purujit |
purujit |
कुन्तिभोजः |
Kuntibhoja |
kuntibhojaḥ |
च |
and |
ca |
शैब्यः |
Saibya |
śaibyaḥ |
च |
and |
ca |
नरपुङ्गवः |
hero in human society. |
narapuṅgavaḥ |
There are also great heroic, powerful fighters like Dhrstaketu, Cekitana, Kasiraja, Purujit, Kuntibhoja and saibya. |
युधामन्युश्च विक्रान्त उत्तमौजाश्च वीर्यवान् ।
सौभद्रो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्व एव महारथाः ॥ 6 ॥
yudhāmanyuśca vikrānta uttamaujāśca vīryavān .
saubhadro draupadeyāśca sarva eva mahārathāḥ .. 6 ..
There are the mighty Yudhamanyu, the very powerful Uttamauja, the son of Subhadra and the sons of Draupadi. All these warriors are great chariot fighters.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
युधामन्युः |
Yudhamanyu |
yudhāmanyuḥ |
च |
and |
ca |
विक्रान्तः |
mighty |
vikrāntaḥ |
उत्तमौजाः |
Uttamauja |
uttamaujāḥ |
च |
and |
ca |
वीर्यवान् |
very powerful |
vīryavān |
सौभद्रः |
the son of Subhadra |
saubhadraḥ |
द्रौपदेयाः |
the sons of Draupadi |
draupadeyāḥ |
च |
and |
ca |
सर्वे |
all |
sarve |
एव |
certainly |
eva |
महारथाः |
great chariot fighters. |
mahārathāḥ |
There are the mighty Yudhamanyu, the very powerful Uttamauja, the son of Subhadra and the sons of Draupadi. All these warriors are great chariot fighters. |
अस्माकं तु विशिष्टा ये तान्निबोध द्विजोत्तम ।
नायका मम सैन्यस्य सञ्ज्ञार्थं तान्ब्रवीमि ते ॥ 7 ॥
asmākaṃ tu viśiṣṭā ye tānnibodha dvijottama .
nāyakā mama sainyasya sañjñārthaṃ tānbravīmi te .. 7 ..
But for your information, O best of the brahmanas, let me tell you about the captains who are especially qualified to lead my military force.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
अस्माकं |
our |
asmākaṃ |
तु |
but |
tu |
विशिष्टाः |
especially powerful |
viśiṣṭāḥ |
ये |
who |
ye |
तान् |
them |
tān |
निबोध |
just take note of, be informed |
nibodha |
द्विजोत्तम |
O best of the brahmanas |
dvijottama |
नायकाः |
captains |
nāyakāḥ |
मम |
my |
mama |
सैन्यस्य |
of the soldiers |
sainyasya |
संज्ञार्थं |
for information |
saṃjñārthaṃ |
तान् |
them |
tān |
ब्रवीमि |
I am speaking |
bravīmi |
ते |
to you. |
te |
But for your information, O best of the brahmanas, let me tell you about the captains who are especially qualified to lead my military force. |
भवान्भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च कृपश्च समितिञ्जयः ।
अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च सौमदत्तिस्तथैव च ॥ 8 ॥
bhavānbhīṣmaśca karṇaśca kṛpaśca samitiñjayaḥ .
aśvatthāmā vikarṇaśca saumadattistathaiva ca .. 8 ..
There are personalities like you, Bhisma, Karna, Krpa, Asvatthama, Vikarna and the son of Somadatta called Bhurisrava, who are always victorious in battle.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
भवान् |
your good self |
bhavān |
भीष्मः |
Grandfather Bhishma |
bhīṣmaḥ |
च |
also |
ca |
कर्णः |
Karna |
karṇaḥ |
च |
and |
ca |
कृपः |
Krpa |
kṛpaḥ |
च |
and |
ca |
समितिञ्जयः |
always victorious in battle |
samitiñjayaḥ |
अश्वत्थामा |
Asvatthama |
aśvatthāmā |
विकर्णः |
Vikarna |
vikarṇaḥ |
च |
as well as |
ca |
सौमदत्तिः |
the son of Somadatta |
saumadattiḥ |
तथा |
as well as |
tathā |
एव |
certainly |
eva |
च |
also. |
ca |
There are personalities like you, Bhisma, Karna, Krpa, Asvatthama, Vikarna and the son of Somadatta called Bhurisrava, who are always victorious in battle. |
अन्ये च बहवः शूरा मदर्थे त्यक्तजीविताः ।
नानाशस्त्रप्रहरणाः सर्वे युद्धविशारदाः ॥ 9 ॥
anye ca bahavaḥ śūrā madarthe tyaktajīvitāḥ .
nānāśastrapraharaṇāḥ sarve yuddhaviśāradāḥ .. 9 ..
There are many other heroes who are prepared to lay down their lives for my sake. All of them are well equipped with different kinds of weapons, and all are experienced in military science.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
अन्ये |
others |
anye |
च |
also |
ca |
बहवः |
in great numbers |
bahavaḥ |
शूराः |
heroes |
śūrāḥ |
मदर्थे |
for my sake |
madarthe |
त्यक्तजीविताः |
prepared to risk life |
tyaktajīvitāḥ |
नाना |
many |
nānā |
शस्त्र |
weapons |
śastra |
प्रहरणाः |
equipped with |
praharaṇāḥ |
सर्वे |
all of them |
sarve |
युद्धविशारदाः |
experienced in military science. |
yuddhaviśāradāḥ |
There are many other heroes who are prepared to lay down their lives for my sake. All of them are well equipped with different kinds of weapons, and all are experienced in military science. |
अपर्याप्तं तदस्माकं बलं भीष्माभिरक्षितम् ।
पर्याप्तं त्विदमेतेषां बलं भीमाभिरक्षितम् ॥ 10 ॥
aparyāptaṃ tadasmākaṃ balaṃ bhīṣmābhirakṣitam .
paryāptaṃ tvidameteṣāṃ balaṃ bhīmābhirakṣitam .. 10 ..
Our strength is immeasurable, and we are perfectly protected by Grandfather Bhisma, whereas the strength of the Pandavas, carefully protected by Bhima, is limited
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
अपर्याप्तं |
immeasurable |
aparyāptaṃ |
तत् |
that |
tat |
अस्माकं |
of ours |
asmākaṃ |
बलं |
strength |
balaṃ |
भीष्म |
by Grandfather Bhishma |
bhīṣma |
अभिरक्षितं |
perfectly protected |
abhirakṣitaṃ |
पर्याप्तं |
limited |
paryāptaṃ |
तु |
but |
tu |
इदं |
all this |
idaṃ |
एतेषां |
of the Pandavas |
eteṣāṃ |
बलं |
strength |
balaṃ |
भीम |
by Bhima |
bhīma |
अभिरक्षितं |
carefully protected. |
abhirakṣitaṃ |
Our strength is immeasurable, and we are perfectly protected by Grandfather Bhisma, whereas the strength of the Pandavas, carefully protected by Bhima, is limited |
अयनेषु च सर्वेषु यथाभागमवस्थिताः ।
भीष्ममेवाभिरक्षन्तु भवन्तः सर्व एव हि ॥ 11 ॥
ayaneṣu ca sarveṣu yathābhāgamavasthitāḥ .
bhīṣmamevābhirakṣantu bhavantaḥ sarva eva hi .. 11 ..
All of you must now give full support to Grandfather Bhisma, as you stand at your respective strategic points of entrance into the phalanx of the army.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
अयनेषु |
in the strategic points |
ayaneṣu |
च |
also |
ca |
सर्वेषु |
everywhere |
sarveṣu |
यथाभागं |
as differently arranged |
yathābhāgaṃ |
अवस्थिताः |
situated |
avasthitāḥ |
भीष्मं |
unto Grandfather Bhishma |
bhīṣmaṃ |
एव |
certainly |
eva |
अभिरक्षन्तु |
should give support |
abhirakṣantu |
भवन्तः |
you |
bhavantaḥ |
सर्व |
all respectively |
sarva |
एव हि |
certainly. |
eva hi |
All of you must now give full support to Grandfather Bhisma, as you stand at your respective strategic points of entrance into the phalanx of the army. |
तस्य सञ्जनयन्हर्षं कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः ।
सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान् ॥ 12 ॥
tasya sañjanayanharṣaṃ kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ .
siṃhanādaṃ vinadyoccaiḥ śaṅkhaṃ dadhmau pratāpavān .. 12 ..
Then Bhisma, the great valiant grandsire of the Kuru dynasty, the grandfather of the fighters, blew his conchshell very loudly, making a sound like the roar of a lion, giving Duryodhana joy.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
तस्य |
his |
tasya |
सञ्जनयन् |
increasing |
sañjanayan |
हर्षं |
cheerfulness |
harṣaṃ |
कुरुवृद्धः |
the grandsire of the Kuru dynasty (Bhishma) |
kuruvṛddhaḥ |
पितामहः |
the grandfather |
pitāmahaḥ |
सिंहनादं |
roaring sound, like that of a lion |
siṃhanādaṃ |
विनद्य |
vibrating |
vinadya |
उच्चैः |
very loudly |
uccaiḥ |
शङ्खं |
conchshell |
śaṅkhaṃ |
दध्मौ |
blew |
dadhmau |
प्रतापवान् |
the valiant. |
pratāpavān |
Then Bhisma, the great valiant grandsire of the Kuru dynasty, the grandfather of the fighters, blew his conchshell very loudly, making a sound like the roar of a lion, giving Duryodhana joy. |
ततः शङ्खाश्च भेर्यश्च पणवानकगोमुखाः ।
सहसैवाभ्यहन्यन्त स शब्दस्तुमुलोऽभवत् ॥ 13 ॥
tataḥ śaṅkhāśca bheryaśca paṇavānakagomukhāḥ .
sahasaivābhyahanyanta sa śabdastumulo'bhavat .. 13 ..
After that, the conchshells, drums, bugles, trumpets and horns were all suddenly sounded, and the combined sound was tumultuous.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
ततः |
thereafter |
tataḥ |
शङ्खाः |
conchshells |
śaṅkhāḥ |
च |
also |
ca |
भेर्यः |
large drums |
bheryaḥ |
च |
and |
ca |
पणवानक |
small drums and kettledrums |
paṇavānaka |
गोमुखाः |
horns |
gomukhāḥ |
सहसा |
all of a sudden |
sahasā |
एव |
certainly |
eva |
अभ्यहन्यन्त |
were simultaneously sounded |
abhyahanyanta |
सः |
that |
saḥ |
शब्दः |
combined sound |
śabdaḥ |
तुमुलः |
tumultuous |
tumulaḥ |
अभवत् |
became. |
abhavat |
After that, the conchshells, drums, bugles, trumpets and horns were all suddenly sounded, and the combined sound was tumultuous. |
ततः श्वेतैर्हयैर्युक्ते महति स्यन्दने स्थितौ ।
माधवः पाण्डवश्चैव दिव्यौ शङ्खौ प्रदघ्मतुः ॥ 14 ॥
tataḥ śvetairhayairyukte mahati syandane sthitau .
mādhavaḥ pāṇḍavaścaiva divyau śaṅkhau pradaghmatuḥ .. 14 ..
On the other side, both Lord Krsna and Arjuna, stationed on a great chariot drawn by white horses, sounded their transcendental conchshells.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
ततः |
thereafter |
tataḥ |
श्वेतैः |
with white |
śvetaiḥ |
हयैः |
horses |
hayaiḥ |
युक्ते |
being yoked |
yukte |
महति |
in a great |
mahati |
स्यन्दने |
chariot |
syandane |
स्थितौ |
situated |
sthitau |
माधवः |
KRiShNa (the husband of the goddess of fortune) |
mādhavaḥ |
पाण्डवः |
Arjuna (the son of Pandu) |
pāṇḍavaḥ |
च |
also |
ca |
एव |
certainly |
eva |
दिव्यौ |
transcendental |
divyau |
शङ्खौ |
conchshells |
śaṅkhau |
प्रदध्मतुः |
sounded. |
pradadhmatuḥ |
On the other side, both Lord Krsna and Arjuna, stationed on a great chariot drawn by white horses, sounded their transcendental conchshells. |
पाञ्चजन्यं हृषीकेशो देवदत्तं धनञ्जयः ।
पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खं भीमकर्मा वृकोदरः ॥ 15 ॥
pāñcajanyaṃ hṛṣīkeśo devadattaṃ dhanañjayaḥ .
pauṇḍraṃ dadhmau mahāśaṅkhaṃ bhīmakarmā vṛkodaraḥ .. 15 ..
Lord Krsna blew His conchshell, called Pañcajanya; Arjuna blew his, the Devadatta; and Bhima, the voracious eater and performer of herculean tasks, blew his terrific conchshell, called Paundra.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
पाञ्चजन्यं |
the conchshell named Pancajanya |
pāñcajanyaṃ |
हृषीकेशः |
Hrsikesa (KRiShNa, the Lord who directs the senses of the devotees) |
hṛṣīkeśaḥ |
देवदत्तं |
the conchshell named Devadatta |
devadattaṃ |
धनञ्जयः |
Dhananjaya (Arjuna, the winner of wealth) |
dhanañjayaḥ |
पौंड्रं |
the conch named Paundra |
pauṃḍraṃ |
दध्मौ |
blew |
dadhmau |
महाशङ्खं |
the terrific conchshell |
mahāśaṅkhaṃ |
भीमकर्मा |
one who performs herculean tasks |
bhīmakarmā |
वृकोदरः |
the voracious eater (Bhima). |
vṛkodaraḥ |
Lord Krsna blew His conchshell, called Pañcajanya; Arjuna blew his, the Devadatta; and Bhima, the voracious eater and performer of herculean tasks, blew his terrific conchshell, called Paundra. |
अनन्तविजयं राजा कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ।
नकुलः सहदेवश्च सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ ॥ 16 ॥
anantavijayaṃ rājā kuntīputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ .
nakulaḥ sahadevaśca sughoṣamaṇipuṣpakau .. 16 ..
King Yudhisthira, the son of Kunti, blew his conchshell, the Ananta-vijaya, and Nakula and Sahadeva blew the Sughosa and Manipuspaka.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
अनन्तविजयं |
the conch named Ananta-vijaya |
anantavijayaṃ |
राजा |
the king |
rājā |
कुन्तीपुत्रः |
the son of Kunti |
kuntīputraḥ |
युधिष्ठिरः |
Yudhisthira |
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ |
नकुलः |
Nakula |
nakulaḥ |
सहदेवः |
Sahadeva |
sahadevaḥ |
च |
and |
ca |
सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ |
the conches named Sughosa and Manipuspaka |
sughoṣamaṇipuṣpakau |
King Yudhisthira, the son of Kunti, blew his conchshell, the Ananta-vijaya, and Nakula and Sahadeva blew the Sughosa and Manipuspaka. |
काश्यश्च परमेष्वासः शिखण्डी च महारथः ।
धृष्टद्युम्नो विराटश्च सात्यकिश्चापराजितः ॥ 17 ॥
kāśyaśca parameṣvāsaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca mahārathaḥ .
dhṛṣṭadyumno virāṭaśca sātyakiścāparājitaḥ .. 17 ..
That great archer the King of Kasi, the great fighter sikhandi, Dhrstadyumna, Virata, the unconquerable Satyaki, all blew their respective conchshells.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
काश्यः |
the King of Kasi (Varanasi) |
kāśyaḥ |
च |
and |
ca |
परमेष्वासः |
the great archer |
parameṣvāsaḥ |
शिखण्डी |
Sikhandi |
śikhaṇḍī |
च |
also |
ca |
महारथः |
one who can fight alone against thousands |
mahārathaḥ |
धृष्टद्युम्नः |
Dhristadyumna (the son of King Drupada) |
dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ |
विराटः |
Virata (the prince who gave shelter to the Pandavas while they were in disguise) |
virāṭaḥ |
च |
also |
ca |
सात्यकिः |
Satyaki (the same as Yuyudhana, the charioteer of Lord KRiShNa) |
sātyakiḥ |
च |
and |
ca |
अपराजितः |
who had never been vanquished |
aparājitaḥ |
That great archer the King of Kasi, the great fighter sikhandi, Dhrstadyumna, Virata, the unconquerable Satyaki, all blew their respective conchshells. |
द्रुपदो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्वशः पृथिवीपते ।
सौभद्रश्च महाबाहुः शङ्खान्दध्मुः पृथक्पृथक् ॥ 18 ॥
drupado draupadeyāśca sarvaśaḥ pṛthivīpate .
saubhadraśca mahābāhuḥ śaṅkhāndadhmuḥ pṛthakpṛthak .. 18 ..
Drupada, the sons of Draupadi, and others, O King, such as the mighty-armed son of Subhadra, all blew their respective conchshells.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
द्रुपदः |
Drupada, the King of Pancala |
drupadaḥ |
द्रौपदेयाः |
the sons of Draupadi |
draupadeyāḥ |
च |
also |
ca |
सर्वशः |
all |
sarvaśaḥ |
पृथिवीपते |
O King |
pṛthivīpate |
सौभद्रः |
Abhimanyu, the son of Subhadra |
saubhadraḥ |
च |
also |
ca |
महाबाहुः |
mighty-armed |
mahābāhuḥ |
शङ्खान् |
conchshells |
śaṅkhān |
दध्मुः |
blew |
dadhmuḥ |
पृथक् |
each separately. |
pṛthak |
Drupada, the sons of Draupadi, and others, O King, such as the mighty-armed son of Subhadra, all blew their respective conchshells. |
स घोषो धार्तराष्ट्राणां हृदयानि व्यदारयत् ।
नभश्च पृथिवीं चैव तुमुलो व्यनुनादयन् ॥ 19 ॥
sa ghoṣo dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ hṛdayāni vyadārayat .
nabhaśca pṛthivīṃ caiva tumulo vyanunādayan .. 19 ..
The blowing of these different conchshells became uproarious. Vibrating both in the sky and on the earth, it shattered the hearts of the sons of Dhrtarastra.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
सः |
that |
saḥ |
घोषः |
vibration |
ghoṣaḥ |
धार्तराष्ट्राणां |
of the sons of Dhritarashtra |
dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ |
हृदयानि |
hearts |
hṛdayāni |
व्यदारयत् |
shattered |
vyadārayat |
नभः |
the sky |
nabhaḥ |
च |
also |
ca |
पृथिवीं |
the surface of the earth |
pṛthivīṃ |
च |
also |
ca |
एव |
certainly |
eva |
तुमुलः |
uproarious |
tumulaḥ |
अभ्यनुनादयन् |
resounding. |
abhyanunādayan |
The blowing of these different conchshells became uproarious. Vibrating both in the sky and on the earth, it shattered the hearts of the sons of Dhrtarastra. |
अथ व्यवस्थितान्दृष्ट्वा धार्तराष्ट्रान्कपिध्वजः ।
प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसम्पाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः ॥ 20 ॥
हृषीकेशं तदा वाक्यमिदमाह महीपते।
atha vyavasthitāndṛṣṭvā dhārtarāṣṭrānkapidhvajaḥ .
pravṛtte śastrasampāte dhanurudyamya pāṇḍavaḥ .. 20 ..
hṛṣīkeśaṃ tadā vākyamidamāha mahīpate.
At that time Arjuna, the son of Pandu, seated in the chariot bearing the flag marked with Hanuman, took up his bow and prepared to shoot his arrows. O King, after looking at the sons of Dhrtarastra drawn in military array, Arjuna then spoke to Lord Krsna these words.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
अथ |
thereupon |
atha |
व्यवस्थितान् |
situated |
vyavasthitān |
दृष्ट्वा |
looking upon |
dṛṣṭvā |
धार्तराष्ट्रान् |
the sons of Dhritarashtra |
dhārtarāṣṭrān |
कपिध्वजः |
he whose flag was marked with Hanuman |
kapidhvajaḥ |
प्रवृत्ते |
while about to engage |
pravṛtte |
शस्त्रसम्पाते |
in releasing his arrows |
śastrasampāte |
धनुः |
bow |
dhanuḥ |
उद्यम्य |
taking up |
udyamya |
पाण्डवः |
the son of Pandu (Arjuna) |
pāṇḍavaḥ |
हृषीकेशं |
unto Lord KRiShNa |
hṛṣīkeśaṃ |
तदा |
at that time |
tadā |
वाक्यं |
words |
vākyaṃ |
इदं |
these |
idaṃ |
आह |
said |
āha |
महीपते |
O King. |
mahīpate |
At that time Arjuna, the son of Pandu, seated in the chariot bearing the flag marked with Hanuman, took up his bow and prepared to shoot his arrows. O King, after looking at the sons of Dhrtarastra drawn in military array, Arjuna then spoke to Lord Krsna these words. |
अर्जुन उवाच । / arjuna uvacha ।
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये रथं स्थापय मेऽच्युत ॥ 21 ॥
यावदेतान्निरीक्षेऽहं योद्धुकामानवस्थितान् ।
कैर्मया सह योद्धव्यमस्मिन्रणसमुद्यमे ॥ 22 ॥
senayorubhayormadhye rathaṃ sthāpaya me'cyuta .. 21 ..
yāvadetānnirīkṣe'haṃ yoddhukāmānavasthitān .
kairmayā saha yoddhavyamasminraṇasamudyame .. 22 ..
Arjuna said: O infallible one, please draw my chariot between the two armies so that I may see those present here, who desire to fight, and with whom I must contend in this great trial of arms.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
अर्जुन उवाच |
Arjuna said |
arjuna uvāca |
सेनयोः |
of the armies |
senayoḥ |
उभयोः |
both |
ubhayoḥ |
मध्ये |
between |
madhye |
रथं |
the chariot |
rathaṃ |
स्थापय |
please keep |
sthāpaya |
मे |
my |
me |
अच्युत |
O infallible one |
acyuta |
यावत् |
as long as |
yāvat |
एतान् |
all these |
etān |
निरीक्षे |
may look upon |
nirīkṣe |
अहं |
I |
ahaṃ |
योद्धुकामान् |
desiring to fight |
yoddhukāmān |
अवस्थितान् |
arrayed on the battlefield |
avasthitān |
कैः |
with whom |
kaiḥ |
मया |
by me |
mayā |
सह |
together |
saha |
योद्धव्यं |
have to fight |
yoddhavyaṃ |
अस्मिन् |
in this |
asmin |
रण |
strife |
raṇa |
समुद्यमे |
in the attempt. |
samudyame |
Arjuna said: O infallible one, please draw my chariot between the two armies so that I may see those present here, who desire to fight, and with whom I must contend in this great trial of arms. |
योत्स्यमानानवेक्षेऽहं य एतेऽत्र समागताः ।
धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः ॥ 23 ॥
yotsyamānānavekṣe'haṃ ya ete'tra samāgatāḥ .
dhārtarāṣṭrasya durbuddheryuddhe priyacikīrṣavaḥ .. 23 ..
Let me see those who have come here to fight, wishing to please the evil-minded son of Dhrtarastra.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
युद्धे |
in the fight |
yuddhe |
योत्स्यमानान् |
those who will be fighting |
yotsyamānān |
अवेक्षे |
let me see |
avekṣe |
अहं |
I |
ahaṃ |
ये |
who |
ye |
एते |
those |
ete |
अत्र |
here |
atra |
समागताः |
assembled |
samāgatāḥ |
धार्तराष्ट्रस्य |
for the son of Dhritarashtra |
dhārtarāṣṭrasya |
दुर्बुद्धेः |
evil-minded |
durbuddheḥ |
प्रिय |
well |
priya |
चिकीर्षवः |
wishing. |
cikīrṣavaḥ |
सञ्जय उवाच |
Sanjaya said |
sañjaya uvāca |
Let me see those who have come here to fight, wishing to please the evil-minded son of Dhrtarastra. |
सञ्जय उवाच । / sañjaya uvacha ।
एवमुक्तो हृषीकेशो गुडाकेशेन भारत ।
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये स्थापयित्वा रथोत्तमम् ॥ 24 ॥
evamukto hṛṣīkeśo guḍākeśena bhārata .
senayorubhayormadhye sthāpayitvā rathottamam .. 24 ..
Sañjaya said: O descendant of Bharata, having thus been addressed by Arjuna, Lord Krsna drew up the fine chariot in the midst of the armies of both parties.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
एवं |
thus |
evaṃ |
उक्तः |
addressed |
uktaḥ |
हृषीकेशः |
Lord KRiShNa |
hṛṣīkeśaḥ |
गुडाकेशेन |
by Arjuna |
guḍākeśena |
भारत |
O descendant of Bharata |
bhārata |
सेनयोः |
of the armies |
senayoḥ |
उभयोः |
both |
ubhayoḥ |
मध्ये |
in the midst |
madhye |
स्थापयित्वा |
placing |
sthāpayitvā |
रथोत्तमं |
the finest chariot. |
rathottamaṃ |
Sañjaya said: O descendant of Bharata, having thus been addressed by Arjuna, Lord Krsna drew up the fine chariot in the midst of the armies of both parties. |
भीष्मद्रोणप्रमुखतः सर्वेषां च महीक्षिताम् ।
उवाच पार्थ पश्यैतान्समवेतान्कुरूनिति ॥ 25 ॥
bhīṣmadroṇapramukhataḥ sarveṣāṃ ca mahīkṣitām .
uvāca pārtha paśyaitānsamavetānkurūniti .. 25 ..
In the presence of Bhisma, Drona and all the other chieftains of the world, the Lord said, “Just behold, Partha, all the Kurus assembled here.”
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
भीष्म |
Grandfather Bhishma |
bhīṣma |
द्रोण |
the teacher Drona |
droṇa |
प्रमुखतः |
in front of |
pramukhataḥ |
सर्वेषां |
all |
sarveṣāṃ |
च |
also |
ca |
महीक्षितां |
chiefs of the world |
mahīkṣitāṃ |
उवाच |
said |
uvāca |
पार्थ |
O son of Pritha |
pārtha |
पश्य |
just behold |
paśya |
एतान् |
all of them |
etān |
समवेतान् |
assembled |
samavetān |
कुरून् |
the members of the Kuru dynasty |
kurūn |
इति |
thus. |
iti |
In the presence of Bhisma, Drona and all the other chieftains of the world, the Lord said, “Just behold, Partha, all the Kurus assembled here.” |
तत्रापश्यत्स्थितान्पार्थः पितॄनथ पितामहान् ।
आचार्यान्मातुलान्भ्रातॄन्पुत्रान्पौत्रान्सखींस्तथा ॥ 26 ॥
श्वशुरान्सुहृदश्चैव सेनयोरुभयोरपि ।
tatrāpaśyatsthitānpārthaḥ pitṝnatha pitāmahān .
ācāryānmātulānbhrātṝnputrānpautrānsakhīṃstathā .. 26 ..
śvaśurānsuhṛdaścaiva senayorubhayorapi .
There Arjuna could see, within the midst of the armies of both parties, his fathers, grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, friends, and also his fathers-in-law and well-wishers.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
तत्र |
there |
tatra |
अपश्यत् |
he could see |
apaśyat |
स्थितान् |
standing |
sthitān |
पार्थः |
Arjuna |
pārthaḥ |
पितृन् |
fathers |
pitṛn |
अथ |
also |
atha |
पितामहान् |
grandfathers |
pitāmahān |
आचार्यान् |
teachers |
ācāryān |
मातुलान् |
maternal uncles |
mātulān |
भ्रातॄन् |
brothers |
bhrātṝn |
पुत्रान् |
sons |
putrān |
पौत्रान् |
grandsons |
pautrān |
सखीन् |
friends |
sakhīn |
तथा |
too |
tathā |
श्वशुरान् |
fathers-in-law |
śvaśurān |
सुहृदः |
well-wishers |
suhṛdaḥ |
च |
also |
ca |
एव |
certainly |
eva |
सेनयोः |
of the armies |
senayoḥ |
उभयोः |
of both parties |
ubhayoḥ |
अपि |
including. |
api |
There Arjuna could see, within the midst of the armies of both parties, his fathers, grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, friends, and also his fathers-in-law and well-wishers. |
तान्समीक्ष्य स कौन्तेयः सर्वान्बन्धूनवस्थितान् ॥ 27 ॥
कृपया परयाविष्टो विषीदन्निदमब्रवीत्।
tānsamīkṣya sa kaunteyaḥ sarvānbandhūnavasthitān .. 27 ..
kṛpayā parayāviṣṭo viṣīdannidamabravīt.
When the son of Kunti, Arjuna, saw all these different grades of friends and relatives, he became overwhelmed with compassion and spoke thus.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
तान् |
all of them |
tān |
समीक्ष्य |
after seeing |
samīkṣya |
सः |
he |
saḥ |
कौन्तेयः |
the son of Kunti |
kaunteyaḥ |
सर्वान् |
all kinds of |
sarvān |
बन्धून् |
relatives |
bandhūn |
अवस्थितान् |
situated |
avasthitān |
कृपया |
by compassion |
kṛpayā |
परया |
of a high grade |
parayā |
आविष्टः |
overwhelmed |
āviṣṭaḥ |
विषीदन् |
while lamenting |
viṣīdan |
इदं |
thus |
idaṃ |
अब्रवीत् |
spoke. |
abravīt |
When the son of Kunti, Arjuna, saw all these different grades of friends and relatives, he became overwhelmed with compassion and spoke thus. |
अर्जुन उवाच । / arjuna uvacha ।
दृष्ट्वेमं स्वजनं कृष्ण युयुत्सुं समुपस्थितम् ॥ 28 ॥
dṛṣṭvemaṃ svajanaṃ kṛṣṇa yuyutsuṃ samupasthitam .. 28 ..
Arjuna said: Seeing these my kinsmen, O Krishna, arrayed, eager to fight,
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
अर्जुन उवाच |
Arjuna said |
arjuna uvāca |
दृष्ट्वा |
after seeing |
dṛṣṭvā |
इमं |
all these |
imaṃ |
स्वजनं |
kinsmen |
svajanaṃ |
कृष्ण |
O KRiShNa |
kṛṣṇa |
युयुत्सुं |
all in a fighting spirit |
yuyutsuṃ |
समुपस्थितं |
present |
samupasthitaṃ |
Arjuna said: Seeing these my kinsmen, O Krishna, arrayed, eager to fight, |
सीदन्ति मम गात्राणि मुखं च परिशुष्यति ।
वेपथुश्च शरीरे मे रोमहर्षश्च जायते ॥ 29 ॥
sīdanti mama gātrāṇi mukhaṃ ca pariśuṣyati .
vepathuśca śarīre me romaharṣaśca jāyate .. 29 ..
My limbs fail and my mouth is parched, my body quivers and my hair stands on end.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
सीदन्ति |
are quivering |
sīdanti |
मम |
my |
mama |
गात्राणि |
limbs of the body |
gātrāṇi |
मुखं |
mouth |
mukhaṃ |
च |
also |
ca |
परिशुष्यति |
is drying up. |
pariśuṣyati |
वेपथुः |
trembling of the body |
vepathuḥ |
च |
also |
ca |
शरीरे |
on the body |
śarīre |
मे |
my |
me |
रोमहर्षः |
standing of hair on end |
romaharṣaḥ |
च |
also |
ca |
जायते |
is taking place |
jāyate |
My limbs fail and my mouth is parched, my body quivers and my hair stands on end. |
गाण्डीवं स्रंसते हस्तात्त्वक्चैव परिदह्यते ।
न च शक्नोम्यवस्थातुं भ्रमतीव च मे मनः ॥ 30 ॥
gāṇḍīvaṃ sraṃsate hastāttvakcaiva paridahyate .
na ca śaknomyavasthātuṃ bhramatīva ca me manaḥ .. 30 ..
The Gandiva-bow slips from my hand, and my skin burns all over; I am also unable to stand and my mind is whirling round, as it were.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
गाण्डीवं |
the bow of Arjuna |
gāṇḍīvaṃ |
स्त्रंसते |
is slipping |
straṃsate |
हस्तात् |
from the hand |
hastāt |
त्वक् |
skin |
tvak |
च |
also |
ca |
एव |
certainly |
eva |
परिदह्यते |
is burning. |
paridahyate |
न |
nor |
na |
च |
also |
ca |
शक्नोमि |
am I able |
śaknomi |
अवस्थातुं |
to stay |
avasthātuṃ |
भ्रमति |
forgetting |
bhramati |
इव |
as |
iva |
च |
and |
ca |
मे |
my |
me |
मनः |
mind |
manaḥ |
The Gandiva-bow slips from my hand, and my skin burns all over; I am also unable to stand and my mind is whirling round, as it were. |
निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव ।
न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनमाहवे ॥ 31 ॥
nimittāni ca paśyāmi viparītāni keśava .
na ca śreyo'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanamāhave .. 31 ..
And I see adverse omens, O Keshava. Nor do I see any good in killing my kinsmen in battle.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
निमित्तानि |
causes |
nimittāni |
च |
also |
ca |
पश्यामि |
I see |
paśyāmi |
विपरीतानि |
just the opposite |
viparītāni |
केशव |
O killer of the demon Kesi (KRiShNa). |
keśava |
न |
nor |
na |
च |
also |
ca |
श्रेयः |
good |
śreyaḥ |
अनुपश्यामि |
do I foresee |
anupaśyāmi |
हत्वा |
by killing |
hatvā |
स्वजनं |
own kinsmen |
svajanaṃ |
आहवे |
in the fight |
āhave |
And I see adverse omens, O Keshava. Nor do I see any good in killing my kinsmen in battle. |
न काङ्क्षे विजयं कृष्ण न च राज्यं सुखानि च ।
किं नो राज्येन गोविन्द किं भोगैर्जीवितेन वा ॥ 32 ॥
na kāṅkṣe vijayaṃ kṛṣṇa na ca rājyaṃ sukhāni ca .
kiṃ no rājyena govinda kiṃ bhogairjīvitena vā .. 32 ..
For, I desire not victory, O Krishna, nor kingdom, nor pleasures. Of what avail is dominion to us, O Govinda? Of what avail are pleasures or even life itself?
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
न |
nor |
na |
काङ्क्षे |
do I desire |
kāṅkṣe |
विजयं |
victory |
vijayaṃ |
कृष्ण |
O KRiShNa |
kṛṣṇa |
न |
nor |
na |
च |
also |
ca |
राज्यं |
kingdom |
rājyaṃ |
सुखानि |
happiness thereof |
sukhāni |
च |
also. |
ca |
किं |
what use |
kiṃ |
नः |
to us |
naḥ |
राज्येन |
is the kingdom |
rājyena |
गोविन्द |
O KRiShNa |
govinda |
किं |
what |
kiṃ |
भोगैः |
enjoyment |
bhogaiḥ |
जीवितेन |
living |
jīvitena |
वा |
either |
vā |
For, I desire not victory, O Krishna, nor kingdom, nor pleasures. Of what avail is dominion to us, O Govinda? Of what avail are pleasures or even life itself? |
येषामर्थे काङ्क्षितं नो राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च ।
त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणांस्त्यक्त्वा धनानि च ॥ 33 ॥
yeṣāmarthe kāṅkṣitaṃ no rājyaṃ bhogāḥ sukhāni ca .
ta ime'vasthitā yuddhe prāṇāṃstyaktvā dhanāni ca .. 33 ..
They for whose sake we desire kingdom, enjoyment and pleasures stand here in battle, having renounced life and wealth.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
येषां |
of whom |
yeṣāṃ |
अर्थे |
for the sake |
arthe |
काङ्क्षितं |
is desired |
kāṅkṣitaṃ |
नः |
by us |
naḥ |
राज्यं |
kingdom |
rājyaṃ |
भोगाः |
material enjoyment |
bhogāḥ |
सुखानि |
all happiness |
sukhāni |
च |
also |
ca |
ते |
all of them |
te |
इमे |
these |
ime |
अवस्थिताः |
situated |
avasthitāḥ |
युद्धे |
on this battlefield |
yuddhe |
प्राणान् |
lives |
prāṇān |
त्यक्त्वा |
giving up |
tyaktvā |
धनानि |
riches |
dhanāni |
च |
also |
ca |
They for whose sake we desire kingdom, enjoyment and pleasures stand here in battle, having renounced life and wealth. |
आचार्याः पितरः पुत्रास्तथैव च पितामहाः ।
मातुलाः श्वशुराः पौत्राः श्यालाः सम्बन्धिनस्तथा ॥ 34 ॥
ācāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrāstathaiva ca pitāmahāḥ .
mātulāḥ śvaśurāḥ pautrāḥ śyālāḥ sambandhinastathā .. 34 ..
Teachers, fathers, sons and also grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law and other relatives
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
आचार्याः |
teachers |
ācāryāḥ |
पितरः |
fathers |
pitaraḥ |
पुत्राः |
sons |
putrāḥ |
तथा |
as well as |
tathā |
एव |
certainly |
eva |
च |
also |
ca |
पितामहाः |
grandfathers |
pitāmahāḥ |
मातुलाः |
maternal uncles |
mātulāḥ |
श्वशूराः |
fathers-in-law |
śvaśūrāḥ |
पौत्राः |
grandsons |
pautrāḥ |
श्यालाः |
brothers-in-law |
śyālāḥ |
सम्बन्धिनः |
relatives |
sambandhinaḥ |
तथा |
as well as |
tathā |
Teachers, fathers, sons and also grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law and other relatives |
एतान्न हन्तुमिच्छामि घ्नतोऽपि मधुसूदन ।
अपि त्रैलोक्यराज्यस्य हेतोः किं नु महीकृते ॥ 35 ॥
etānna hantumicchāmi ghnato'pi madhusūdana .
api trailokyarājyasya hetoḥ kiṃ nu mahīkṛte .. 35 ..
These I do not wish to kill, though they kill me, O Madhusudana, even for the sake of dominion over the three worlds; how much less for the sake of the earth.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
एतान् |
all these |
etān |
न |
never |
na |
हन्तुं |
to kill |
hantuṃ |
इच्छामि |
do I wish |
icchāmi |
घ्नतः |
being killed |
ghnataḥ |
अपि |
even |
api |
मधुसूदन |
O killer of the demon Madhu (KRiShNa) |
madhusūdana |
अपि |
even if |
api |
त्रैलोक्य |
of the three worlds |
trailokya |
राज्यस्य |
for the kingdom |
rājyasya |
हेतोः |
in exchange |
hetoḥ |
किम् नु |
what to speak of |
kim nu |
महीकृते |
for the sake of the earth |
mahīkṛte |
These I do not wish to kill, though they kill me, O Madhusudana, even for the sake of dominion over the three worlds; how much less for the sake of the earth. |
निहत्य धार्तराष्ट्रान्नः का प्रीतिः स्याज्जनार्दन ।
पापमेवाश्रयेदस्मान्हत्वैतानाततायिनः ॥ 36 ॥
nihatya dhārtarāṣṭrānnaḥ kā prītiḥ syājjanārdana .
pāpamevāśrayedasmānhatvaitānātatāyinaḥ .. 36 ..
Killing these sons of Dhritarashtra, what pleasure can be ours, O Janardana? Sin alone will be our gain by killing these felons.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
निहत्य |
by killing |
nihatya |
धार्तराष्ट्रान् |
the sons of Dhritarashtra |
dhārtarāṣṭrān |
नः |
our |
naḥ |
का |
what |
kā |
प्रीतिः |
pleasure |
prītiḥ |
स्यात् |
will there be |
syāt |
जनार्दन |
O maintainer of all living entities. |
janārdana |
पापं |
vices |
pāpaṃ |
एव |
certainly |
eva |
आश्रयेत् |
must come upon |
āśrayet |
अस्मान् |
us |
asmān |
हत्वा |
by killing |
hatvā |
एतान् |
all these |
etān |
आततायिनः |
aggressors |
ātatāyinaḥ |
Killing these sons of Dhritarashtra, what pleasure can be ours, O Janardana? Sin alone will be our gain by killing these felons. |
तस्मान्नार्हा वयं हन्तुं धार्तराष्ट्रान्स्वबान्धवान् ।
स्वजनं हि कथं हत्वा सुखिनः स्याम माधव ॥ 37 ॥
tasmānnārhā vayaṃ hantuṃ dhārtarāṣṭrānsvabāndhavān .
svajanaṃ hi kathaṃ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava .. 37 ..
Therefore we shall not kill the sons of Dhritarashtra, our relatives; for how can we be happy by killing our own people, O Madhava?
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
तस्मात् |
therefore |
tasmāt |
न |
never |
na |
आर्हाः |
deserving |
ārhāḥ |
वयं |
we |
vayaṃ |
हन्तुं |
to kill |
hantuṃ |
धार्तराष्ट्रान् |
the sons of Dhritarashtra |
dhārtarāṣṭrān |
सबान्धवान् |
along with friends |
sabāndhavān |
स्वजनं |
kinsmen |
svajanaṃ |
हि |
certainly |
hi |
कथं |
how |
kathaṃ |
हत्वा |
by killing |
hatvā |
सुखिनः |
happy |
sukhinaḥ |
स्याम |
will we become |
syāma |
माधव |
O KRiShNa, husband of the goddess of fortune. |
mādhava |
Therefore we shall not kill the sons of Dhritarashtra, our relatives; for how can we be happy by killing our own people, O Madhava? |
यद्यप्येते न पश्यन्ति लोभोपहतचेतसः ।
कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम् ॥ 38 ॥
yadyapyete na paśyanti lobhopahatacetasaḥ .
kulakṣayakṛtaṃ doṣaṃ mitradrohe ca pātakam .. 38 ..
Though these, with their intelligence clouded by greed, see no evil in the destruction of the families in the society, and no sin in their cruelty to friends
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
यदि |
if |
yadi |
अपि |
even |
api |
एते |
they |
ete |
न |
do not |
na |
पश्यन्ति |
see |
paśyanti |
लोभ |
by greed |
lobha |
उपहत |
overpowered |
upahata |
चेतसः |
their hearts |
cetasaḥ |
कुलक्षय |
in killing the family |
kulakṣaya |
कृतं |
done |
kṛtaṃ |
दोषं |
fault |
doṣaṃ |
मित्रद्रोहे |
in quarreling with friends |
mitradrohe |
च |
also |
ca |
पातकं |
sinful reactions |
pātakaṃ |
Though these, with their intelligence clouded by greed, see no evil in the destruction of the families in the society, and no sin in their cruelty to friends |
कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः पापादस्मान्निवर्तितुम् ।
कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन ॥ 39 ॥
kathaṃ na jñeyamasmābhiḥ pāpādasmānnivartitum .
kulakṣayakṛtaṃ doṣaṃ prapaśyadbhirjanārdana .. 39 ..
Why should not we, who clearly see evil in the destruction of the family-units, learn to turn away from this sin, O Janardana?
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
कथं |
why |
kathaṃ |
न |
should not |
na |
ज्ञेयं |
be known |
jñeyaṃ |
अस्माभिः |
by us |
asmābhiḥ |
पापात् |
from sins |
pāpāt |
अस्मात् |
these |
asmāt |
निवर्तितुं |
to cease |
nivartituṃ |
कुलक्षय |
in the destruction of a dynasty |
kulakṣaya |
कृतं |
done |
kṛtaṃ |
दोषं |
crime |
doṣaṃ |
प्रपश्यद्भिः |
by those who can see |
prapaśyadbhiḥ |
जनार्दन |
O KRiShNa. |
janārdana |
Why should not we, who clearly see evil in the destruction of the family-units, learn to turn away from this sin, O Janardana? |
कुलक्षये प्रणश्यन्ति कुलधर्माः सनातनाः ।
धर्मे नष्टे कुलं कृत्स्नमधर्मोऽभिभवत्युत ॥ 40 ॥
kulakṣaye praṇaśyanti kuladharmāḥ sanātanāḥ .
dharme naṣṭe kulaṃ kṛtsnamadharmo'bhibhavatyuta .. 40 ..
In the destruction of a family, the immemorial religious rites of that family perish; on the destruction of spirituality, impiety overcomes the whole family.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
कुलक्षये |
in destroying the family |
kulakṣaye |
प्रणश्यन्ति |
become vanquished |
praṇaśyanti |
कुलधर्माः |
the family traditions |
kuladharmāḥ |
सनातनाः |
eternal |
sanātanāḥ |
धर्मे |
religion |
dharme |
नष्टे |
being destroyed |
naṣṭe |
कुलं |
family |
kulaṃ |
कृत्स्नं |
whole |
kṛtsnaṃ |
अधर्मः |
irreligion |
adharmaḥ |
अभिभवति |
transforms |
abhibhavati |
उत |
it is said. |
uta |
In the destruction of a family, the immemorial religious rites of that family perish; on the destruction of spirituality, impiety overcomes the whole family. |
अधर्माभिभवात्कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः ।
स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वार्ष्णेय जायते वर्णसङ्करः ॥ 41 ॥
adharmābhibhavātkṛṣṇa praduṣyanti kulastriyaḥ .
strīṣu duṣṭāsu vārṣṇeya jāyate varṇasaṅkaraḥ .. 41 ..
By the prevalence of impiety, O Krishna, the women of the family become corrupt; and women being corrupted, O descendent of the Vrishni-clan, there arises intermingling of castes
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
अधर्म |
irreligion |
adharma |
अभिभवात् |
having become predominant |
abhibhavāt |
कृष्ण |
O KRiShNa |
kṛṣṇa |
प्रदुष्यन्ति |
become polluted |
praduṣyanti |
कुलस्त्रियः |
family ladies |
kulastriyaḥ |
स्त्रीषु |
by the womanhood |
strīṣu |
दुष्टासु |
being so polluted |
duṣṭāsu |
वार्ष्णेय |
O descendant of VRiShNi |
vārṣṇeya |
जायते |
comes into being |
jāyate |
वर्णसङ्करः |
unwanted progeny. |
varṇasaṅkaraḥ |
By the prevalence of impiety, O Krishna, the women of the family become corrupt; and women being corrupted, O descendent of the Vrishni-clan, there arises intermingling of castes |
सङ्करो नरकायैव कुलघ्नानां कुलस्य च ।
पतन्ति पितरो ह्येषां लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः ॥ 42 ॥
saṅkaro narakāyaiva kulaghnānāṃ kulasya ca .
patanti pitaro hyeṣāṃ luptapiṇḍodakakriyāḥ .. 42 ..
Confusion of castes leads the slayer of the family to hell; for their forefathers fall, deprived of the offerings of pinda and water.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
सङ्करः |
such unwanted children |
saṅkaraḥ |
नरकाय |
make for hellish life |
narakāya |
एव |
certainly |
eva |
कुलघ्नानां |
for those who are killers of the family |
kulaghnānāṃ |
कुलस्य |
for the family |
kulasya |
च |
also |
ca |
पतन्ति |
fall down |
patanti |
पितरः |
forefathers |
pitaraḥ |
हि |
certainly |
hi |
एषां |
of them |
eṣāṃ |
लुप्त |
stopped |
lupta |
पिण्ड |
of offerings of food |
piṇḍa |
उदक |
and water |
udaka |
क्रियाः |
performances. |
kriyāḥ |
Confusion of castes leads the slayer of the family to hell; for their forefathers fall, deprived of the offerings of pinda and water. |
दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानां वर्णसङ्करकारकैः ।
उत्साद्यन्ते जातिधर्माः कुलधर्माश्च शाश्वताः ॥ 43 ॥
doṣairetaiḥ kulaghnānāṃ varṇasaṅkarakārakaiḥ .
utsādyante jātidharmāḥ kuladharmāśca śāśvatāḥ .. 43 ..
By these evil deeds of the destroyers of the family, which cause confusion of castes, the eternal religious rites of the caste and the family are destroyed.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
दोषैः |
by such faults |
doṣaiḥ |
एतैः |
all these |
etaiḥ |
कुलघ्नानां |
of the destroyers of the family |
kulaghnānāṃ |
वर्णसङ्कर |
of unwanted children |
varṇasaṅkara |
कारकैः |
which are causes |
kārakaiḥ |
उत्साद्यन्ते |
are devastated |
utsādyante |
जातिधर्माः |
community projects |
jātidharmāḥ |
कुलधर्माः |
family traditions |
kuladharmāḥ |
च |
also |
ca |
शाश्वताः |
eternal. |
śāśvatāḥ |
By these evil deeds of the destroyers of the family, which cause confusion of castes, the eternal religious rites of the caste and the family are destroyed. |
उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां मनुष्याणां जनार्दन ।
नरकेऽनियतं वासो भवतीत्यनुशुश्रुम ॥ 44 ॥
utsannakuladharmāṇāṃ manuṣyāṇāṃ janārdana .
narake'niyataṃ vāso bhavatītyanuśuśruma .. 44 ..
We have heard, O Janardana, that it is inevitable for those men, in whose families the religious practices have been destroyed, to dwell in hell for an unknown period of time.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
उत्सन्न |
spoiled |
utsanna |
कुलधर्माणां |
of those who have the family traditions |
kuladharmāṇāṃ |
मनुष्याणां |
of such men |
manuṣyāṇāṃ |
जनार्दन |
O KRiShNa |
janārdana |
नरके |
in hell |
narake |
नियतं |
always |
niyataṃ |
वासः |
residence |
vāsaḥ |
भवति |
it so becomes |
bhavati |
इति |
thus |
iti |
अनुशुश्रुम |
I have heard by disciplic succession. |
anuśuśruma |
We have heard, O Janardana, that it is inevitable for those men, in whose families the religious practices have been destroyed, to dwell in hell for an unknown period of time. |
अहो बत महत्पापं कर्तुं व्यवसिता वयम् ।
यद्राज्यसुखलोभेन हन्तुं स्वजनमुद्यताः ॥ 45 ॥
aho bata mahatpāpaṃ kartuṃ vyavasitā vayam .
yadrājyasukhalobhena hantuṃ svajanamudyatāḥ .. 45 ..
Alas! We are involved in a great sin, in that we are prepared to kill our kinsmen, from greed for the pleasures of the kingdom.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
अहो |
alas |
aho |
बत |
how strange it is |
bata |
महत् |
great |
mahat |
पापं |
sins |
pāpaṃ |
कर्तुं |
to perform |
kartuṃ |
व्यवासिताः |
have decided |
vyavāsitāḥ |
वयं |
we |
vayaṃ |
यत् |
because |
yat |
राज्यसुखलोभेन |
driven by greed for royal happiness |
rājyasukhalobhena |
हन्तुं |
to kill |
hantuṃ |
स्वजनं |
kinsmen |
svajanaṃ |
उद्यताः |
trying. |
udyatāḥ |
Alas! We are involved in a great sin, in that we are prepared to kill our kinsmen, from greed for the pleasures of the kingdom. |
यदि मामप्रतीकारमशस्त्रं शस्त्रपाणयः ।
धार्तराष्ट्रा रणे हन्युस्तन्मे क्षेमतरं भवेत् ॥ 46 ॥
yadi māmapratīkāramaśastraṃ śastrapāṇayaḥ .
dhārtarāṣṭrā raṇe hanyustanme kṣemataraṃ bhavet .. 46 ..
If the sons of Dhritarashtra, weapons-in-hand, slay me in battle, unresisting and unarmed, that would be better for me.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
यदि |
even if |
yadi |
मां |
me |
māṃ |
अप्रतीकारं |
without being resistant |
apratīkāraṃ |
अशस्त्रं |
without being fully equipped |
aśastraṃ |
शस्त्रपाणयः |
those with weapons in hand |
śastrapāṇayaḥ |
धार्तराष्ट्राः |
the sons of Dhritarashtra |
dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ |
रणे |
on the battlefield |
raṇe |
हन्युः |
may kill |
hanyuḥ |
तत् |
that |
tat |
मे |
for me |
me |
क्षेमतरं |
better |
kṣemataraṃ |
भवेत् |
would be. |
bhavet |
If the sons of Dhritarashtra, weapons-in-hand, slay me in battle, unresisting and unarmed, that would be better for me. |
सञ्जय उवाच । / sañjaya uvacha ।
एवमुक्त्वार्जुनः सङ्ख्ये रथोपस्थ उपाविशत् ।
विसृज्य सशरं चापं शोकसंविग्नमानसः ॥ 47 ॥
evamuktvārjunaḥ saṅkhye rathopastha upāviśat .
visṛjya saśaraṃ cāpaṃ śokasaṃvignamānasaḥ .. 47 ..
Sanjaya said : Having thus spoken in the midst of the battle-field, Arjuna sat down on the seat of the chariot, casting away his bow and arrow, with a mind distressed with sorrow.
Sanskrit Word |
Meaning |
Transliteration |
सञ्जय उवाच |
Sanjaya said |
sañjaya uvāca |
एवं |
thus |
evaṃ |
उक्त्वा |
saying |
uktvā |
अर्जुनः |
Arjuna |
arjunaḥ |
सङ्ख्ये |
in the battlefield |
saṅkhye |
रथ |
of the chariot |
ratha |
उपस्थे |
on the seat |
upasthe |
उपविशत् |
sat down again |
upaviśat |
विसृज्य |
putting aside |
visṛjya |
सशरं |
along with arrows |
saśaraṃ |
चापं |
the bow |
cāpaṃ |
शोक |
by lamentation |
śoka |
संविग्न |
distressed |
saṃvigna |
मानसः |
within the mind. |
mānasaḥ |
Sanjaya said : Having thus spoken in the midst of the battle-field, Arjuna sat down on the seat of the chariot, casting away his bow and arrow, with a mind distressed with sorrow. |
ॐ तत्सदिति श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतासूपनिषत्सु ब्रह्मविद्यायां योगशास्त्रे श्रीकृष्णार्जुनसंवादे
अर्जुनविषादयोगो नाम प्रथमोऽध्यायः ॥1 ॥
oṃ tatsaditi śrīmadbhagavadgītāsūpaniṣatsu brahmavidyāyāṃ yogaśāstre śrīkṛṣṇārjunasaṃvāde
arjunaviṣādayogo nāma prathamo'dhyāyaḥ ..1 ..
AUM, "THAT" is "IT". Thus, the first section of the Auspicious Bhagavad Gita,named Arjuna's Vishadh Yoga[Arjuna'a Grief], From the Upanishads, The Knowledge of Supreme Consciousness, From the Knowledge of Yoga, a conversation between Lord Krishna and Arjuna.