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ॐ श्री परमात्मने नमः। अथ श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता । प्रथमोऽध्यायः - अर्जुनविषादयोगः ॥
oṃ śrī paramātmane namaḥ. atha śrīmadbhagavadgītā . prathamo'dhyāyaḥ - arjunaviṣādayogaḥ ..
Thus begins the first chapter of the holy Srimad Bhagavad Gita.
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच । / dhrtarastra uvacha ।
धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः । मामकाः पाण्डवाश्चैव किमकुर्वत सञ्जय ॥ 1 ॥
dharmakṣetre kurukṣetre samavetā yuyutsavaḥ . māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāścaiva kimakurvata sañjaya .. 1 ..
Dhrtarastra said: O Sañjaya, after my sons and the sons of Pandu assembled in the place of pilgrimage at Kuruksetra, desiring to fight, what did they do?
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच King Dhritarashtra said dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca
धर्मक्षेत्रे in the place of pilgrimage dharmakṣetre
कुरुक्षेत्रे in the place named Kuruksetra kurukṣetre
समवेताः assembled samavetāḥ
युयुत्सवः desiring to fight yuyutsavaḥ
मामकाः my party (sons) māmakāḥ
पाण्डवाः the sons of Pandu pāṇḍavāḥ
and ca
एव certainly eva
किं what kiṃ
अकुर्वत did they do akurvata
सञ्जय O Sanjaya. sañjaya
Dhrtarastra said: O Sañjaya, after my sons and the sons of Pandu assembled in the place of pilgrimage at Kuruksetra, desiring to fight, what did they do?
सञ्जय उवाच । / sañjaya uvacha ।
दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा । आचार्यमुपसङ्गम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत् ॥ 2 ॥
dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṃ vyūḍhaṃ duryodhanastadā . ācāryamupasaṅgamya rājā vacanamabravīt .. 2 ..
Sañjaya said: O King, after looking over the army arranged in military formation by the sons of Pandu, King Duryodhana went to his teacher and spoke the following words.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
सञ्जय उवाच Sanjaya said sañjaya uvāca
दृष्ट्वा after seeing dṛṣṭvā
तु but tu
पाण्डवानीकं the soldiers of the Pandavas pāṇḍavānīkaṃ
व्यूढं arranged in a military formation vyūḍhaṃ
दुर्योधनः King Duryodhana duryodhanaḥ
तदा at that time tadā
आचार्यं the teacher ācāryaṃ
उपसङ्गम्य approaching upasaṅgamya
राजा the king rājā
वचनं word vacanaṃ
अब्रवीत् spoke. abravīt
Sañjaya said: O King, after looking over the army arranged in military formation by the sons of Pandu, King Duryodhana went to his teacher and spoke the following words.
पश्यैतां पाण्डुपुत्राणामाचार्य महतीं चमूम् । व्यूढां द्रुपदपुत्रेण तव शिष्येण धीमता ॥ 3 ॥
paśyaitāṃ pāṇḍuputrāṇāmācārya mahatīṃ camūm . vyūḍhāṃ drupadaputreṇa tava śiṣyeṇa dhīmatā .. 3 ..
O my teacher, behold the great army of the sons of Pandu, so expertly arranged by your intelligent disciple the son of Drupada.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
पश्य behold paśya
एतां this etāṃ
पाण्डुपुत्राणां of the sons of Pandu pāṇḍuputrāṇāṃ
आचार्य O teacher ācārya
महतीं great mahatīṃ
चमूं military fहे!rce camūṃ
व्यूढां arranged vyūḍhāṃ
द्रुपदपुत्रेण by the sहे!n हे!f Drupada drupadaputreṇa
तव your tava
शिष्येण disciple śiṣyeṇa
धीमता very intelligent. dhīmatā
O my teacher, behold the great army of the sons of Pandu, so expertly arranged by your intelligent disciple the son of Drupada.
अत्र शूरा महेष्वासा भीमार्जुनसमा युधि । युयुधानो विराटश्च द्रुपदश्च महारथः ॥ 4 ॥
atra śūrā maheṣvāsā bhīmārjunasamā yudhi . yuyudhāno virāṭaśca drupadaśca mahārathaḥ .. 4 ..
Here in this army are many heroic bowmen equal in fighting to Bhima and Arjuna: great fighters like Yuyudhana, Virata and Drupada.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
अत्र here atra
शूराः heroes śūrāḥ
महेश्वासाः mighty bowmen maheśvāsāḥ
भीमार्जुन to Bhima and Arjuna bhīmārjuna
समाः equal samāḥ
युधि in the fight yudhi
युयुधानः Yuyudhana yuyudhānaḥ
विराटः Virata virāṭaḥ
also ca
द्रुपदः Drupada drupadaḥ
also ca
महारथः great fighter. mahārathaḥ
Here in this army are many heroic bowmen equal in fighting to Bhima and Arjuna: great fighters like Yuyudhana, Virata and Drupada.
धृष्टकेतुश्चेकितानः काशिराजश्च वीर्यवान् । पुरुजित्कुन्तिभोजश्च शैब्यश्च नरपुङ्गवः ॥ 5 ॥
dhṛṣṭaketuścekitānaḥ kāśirājaśca vīryavān . purujitkuntibhojaśca śaibyaśca narapuṅgavaḥ .. 5 ..
There are also great heroic, powerful fighters like Dhrstaketu, Cekitana, Kasiraja, Purujit, Kuntibhoja and saibya.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
धृष्टकेतुः Dhrishtaketu dhṛṣṭaketuḥ
चेकितानः Cekitana cekitānaḥ
काशिराजः Kasiraja kāśirājaḥ
also ca
वीर्यवान् very powerful vīryavān
पुरुजित् Purujit purujit
कुन्तिभोजः Kuntibhoja kuntibhojaḥ
and ca
शैब्यः Saibya śaibyaḥ
and ca
नरपुङ्गवः hero in human society. narapuṅgavaḥ
There are also great heroic, powerful fighters like Dhrstaketu, Cekitana, Kasiraja, Purujit, Kuntibhoja and saibya.
युधामन्युश्च विक्रान्त उत्तमौजाश्च वीर्यवान् । सौभद्रो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्व एव महारथाः ॥ 6 ॥
yudhāmanyuśca vikrānta uttamaujāśca vīryavān . saubhadro draupadeyāśca sarva eva mahārathāḥ .. 6 ..
There are the mighty Yudhamanyu, the very powerful Uttamauja, the son of Subhadra and the sons of Draupadi. All these warriors are great chariot fighters.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
युधामन्युः Yudhamanyu yudhāmanyuḥ
and ca
विक्रान्तः mighty vikrāntaḥ
उत्तमौजाः Uttamauja uttamaujāḥ
and ca
वीर्यवान् very powerful vīryavān
सौभद्रः the son of Subhadra saubhadraḥ
द्रौपदेयाः the sons of Draupadi draupadeyāḥ
and ca
सर्वे all sarve
एव certainly eva
महारथाः great chariot fighters. mahārathāḥ
There are the mighty Yudhamanyu, the very powerful Uttamauja, the son of Subhadra and the sons of Draupadi. All these warriors are great chariot fighters.
अस्माकं तु विशिष्टा ये तान्निबोध द्विजोत्तम । नायका मम सैन्यस्य सञ्ज्ञार्थं तान्ब्रवीमि ते ॥ 7 ॥
asmākaṃ tu viśiṣṭā ye tānnibodha dvijottama . nāyakā mama sainyasya sañjñārthaṃ tānbravīmi te .. 7 ..
But for your information, O best of the brahmanas, let me tell you about the captains who are especially qualified to lead my military force.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
अस्माकं our asmākaṃ
तु but tu
विशिष्टाः especially powerful viśiṣṭāḥ
ये who ye
तान् them tān
निबोध just take note of, be informed nibodha
द्विजोत्तम O best of the brahmanas dvijottama
नायकाः captains nāyakāḥ
मम my mama
सैन्यस्य of the soldiers sainyasya
संज्ञार्थं for information saṃjñārthaṃ
तान् them tān
ब्रवीमि I am speaking bravīmi
ते to you. te
But for your information, O best of the brahmanas, let me tell you about the captains who are especially qualified to lead my military force.
भवान्भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च कृपश्च समितिञ्जयः । अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च सौमदत्तिस्तथैव च ॥ 8 ॥
bhavānbhīṣmaśca karṇaśca kṛpaśca samitiñjayaḥ . aśvatthāmā vikarṇaśca saumadattistathaiva ca .. 8 ..
There are personalities like you, Bhisma, Karna, Krpa, Asvatthama, Vikarna and the son of Somadatta called Bhurisrava, who are always victorious in battle.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
भवान् your good self bhavān
भीष्मः Grandfather Bhishma bhīṣmaḥ
also ca
कर्णः Karna karṇaḥ
and ca
कृपः Krpa kṛpaḥ
and ca
समितिञ्जयः always victorious in battle samitiñjayaḥ
अश्वत्थामा Asvatthama aśvatthāmā
विकर्णः Vikarna vikarṇaḥ
as well as ca
सौमदत्तिः the son of Somadatta saumadattiḥ
तथा as well as tathā
एव certainly eva
also. ca
There are personalities like you, Bhisma, Karna, Krpa, Asvatthama, Vikarna and the son of Somadatta called Bhurisrava, who are always victorious in battle.
अन्ये च बहवः शूरा मदर्थे त्यक्तजीविताः । नानाशस्त्रप्रहरणाः सर्वे युद्धविशारदाः ॥ 9 ॥
anye ca bahavaḥ śūrā madarthe tyaktajīvitāḥ . nānāśastrapraharaṇāḥ sarve yuddhaviśāradāḥ .. 9 ..
There are many other heroes who are prepared to lay down their lives for my sake. All of them are well equipped with different kinds of weapons, and all are experienced in military science.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
अन्ये others anye
also ca
बहवः in great numbers bahavaḥ
शूराः heroes śūrāḥ
मदर्थे for my sake madarthe
त्यक्तजीविताः prepared to risk life tyaktajīvitāḥ
नाना many nānā
शस्त्र weapons śastra
प्रहरणाः equipped with praharaṇāḥ
सर्वे all of them sarve
युद्धविशारदाः experienced in military science. yuddhaviśāradāḥ
There are many other heroes who are prepared to lay down their lives for my sake. All of them are well equipped with different kinds of weapons, and all are experienced in military science.
अपर्याप्तं तदस्माकं बलं भीष्माभिरक्षितम् । पर्याप्तं त्विदमेतेषां बलं भीमाभिरक्षितम् ॥ 10 ॥
aparyāptaṃ tadasmākaṃ balaṃ bhīṣmābhirakṣitam . paryāptaṃ tvidameteṣāṃ balaṃ bhīmābhirakṣitam .. 10 ..
Our strength is immeasurable, and we are perfectly protected by Grandfather Bhisma, whereas the strength of the Pandavas, carefully protected by Bhima, is limited
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
अपर्याप्तं immeasurable aparyāptaṃ
तत् that tat
अस्माकं of ours asmākaṃ
बलं strength balaṃ
भीष्म by Grandfather Bhishma bhīṣma
अभिरक्षितं perfectly protected abhirakṣitaṃ
पर्याप्तं limited paryāptaṃ
तु but tu
इदं all this idaṃ
एतेषां of the Pandavas eteṣāṃ
बलं strength balaṃ
भीम by Bhima bhīma
अभिरक्षितं carefully protected. abhirakṣitaṃ
Our strength is immeasurable, and we are perfectly protected by Grandfather Bhisma, whereas the strength of the Pandavas, carefully protected by Bhima, is limited
अयनेषु च सर्वेषु यथाभागमवस्थिताः । भीष्ममेवाभिरक्षन्तु भवन्तः सर्व एव हि ॥ 11 ॥
ayaneṣu ca sarveṣu yathābhāgamavasthitāḥ . bhīṣmamevābhirakṣantu bhavantaḥ sarva eva hi .. 11 ..
All of you must now give full support to Grandfather Bhisma, as you stand at your respective strategic points of entrance into the phalanx of the army.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
अयनेषु in the strategic points ayaneṣu
also ca
सर्वेषु everywhere sarveṣu
यथाभागं as differently arranged yathābhāgaṃ
अवस्थिताः situated avasthitāḥ
भीष्मं unto Grandfather Bhishma bhīṣmaṃ
एव certainly eva
अभिरक्षन्तु should give support abhirakṣantu
भवन्तः you bhavantaḥ
सर्व all respectively sarva
एव हि certainly. eva hi
All of you must now give full support to Grandfather Bhisma, as you stand at your respective strategic points of entrance into the phalanx of the army.
तस्य सञ्जनयन्हर्षं कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः । सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान् ॥ 12 ॥
tasya sañjanayanharṣaṃ kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ . siṃhanādaṃ vinadyoccaiḥ śaṅkhaṃ dadhmau pratāpavān .. 12 ..
Then Bhisma, the great valiant grandsire of the Kuru dynasty, the grandfather of the fighters, blew his conchshell very loudly, making a sound like the roar of a lion, giving Duryodhana joy.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
तस्य his tasya
सञ्जनयन् increasing sañjanayan
हर्षं cheerfulness harṣaṃ
कुरुवृद्धः the grandsire of the Kuru dynasty (Bhishma) kuruvṛddhaḥ
पितामहः the grandfather pitāmahaḥ
सिंहनादं roaring sound, like that of a lion siṃhanādaṃ
विनद्य vibrating vinadya
उच्चैः very loudly uccaiḥ
शङ्खं conchshell śaṅkhaṃ
दध्मौ blew dadhmau
प्रतापवान् the valiant. pratāpavān
Then Bhisma, the great valiant grandsire of the Kuru dynasty, the grandfather of the fighters, blew his conchshell very loudly, making a sound like the roar of a lion, giving Duryodhana joy.
ततः शङ्खाश्च भेर्यश्च पणवानकगोमुखाः । सहसैवाभ्यहन्यन्त स शब्दस्तुमुलोऽभवत् ॥ 13 ॥
tataḥ śaṅkhāśca bheryaśca paṇavānakagomukhāḥ . sahasaivābhyahanyanta sa śabdastumulo'bhavat .. 13 ..
After that, the conchshells, drums, bugles, trumpets and horns were all suddenly sounded, and the combined sound was tumultuous.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
ततः thereafter tataḥ
शङ्खाः conchshells śaṅkhāḥ
also ca
भेर्यः large drums bheryaḥ
and ca
पणवानक small drums and kettledrums paṇavānaka
गोमुखाः horns gomukhāḥ
सहसा all of a sudden sahasā
एव certainly eva
अभ्यहन्यन्त were simultaneously sounded abhyahanyanta
सः that saḥ
शब्दः combined sound śabdaḥ
तुमुलः tumultuous tumulaḥ
अभवत् became. abhavat
After that, the conchshells, drums, bugles, trumpets and horns were all suddenly sounded, and the combined sound was tumultuous.
ततः श्वेतैर्हयैर्युक्ते महति स्यन्दने स्थितौ । माधवः पाण्डवश्चैव दिव्यौ शङ्खौ प्रदघ्मतुः ॥ 14 ॥
tataḥ śvetairhayairyukte mahati syandane sthitau . mādhavaḥ pāṇḍavaścaiva divyau śaṅkhau pradaghmatuḥ .. 14 ..
On the other side, both Lord Krsna and Arjuna, stationed on a great chariot drawn by white horses, sounded their transcendental conchshells.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
ततः thereafter tataḥ
श्वेतैः with white śvetaiḥ
हयैः horses hayaiḥ
युक्ते being yoked yukte
महति in a great mahati
स्यन्दने chariot syandane
स्थितौ situated sthitau
माधवः KRiShNa (the husband of the goddess of fortune) mādhavaḥ
पाण्डवः Arjuna (the son of Pandu) pāṇḍavaḥ
also ca
एव certainly eva
दिव्यौ transcendental divyau
शङ्खौ conchshells śaṅkhau
प्रदध्मतुः sounded. pradadhmatuḥ
On the other side, both Lord Krsna and Arjuna, stationed on a great chariot drawn by white horses, sounded their transcendental conchshells.
पाञ्चजन्यं हृषीकेशो देवदत्तं धनञ्जयः । पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खं भीमकर्मा वृकोदरः ॥ 15 ॥
pāñcajanyaṃ hṛṣīkeśo devadattaṃ dhanañjayaḥ . pauṇḍraṃ dadhmau mahāśaṅkhaṃ bhīmakarmā vṛkodaraḥ .. 15 ..
Lord Krsna blew His conchshell, called Pañcajanya; Arjuna blew his, the Devadatta; and Bhima, the voracious eater and performer of herculean tasks, blew his terrific conchshell, called Paundra.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
पाञ्चजन्यं the conchshell named Pancajanya pāñcajanyaṃ
हृषीकेशः Hrsikesa (KRiShNa, the Lord who directs the senses of the devotees) hṛṣīkeśaḥ
देवदत्तं the conchshell named Devadatta devadattaṃ
धनञ्जयः Dhananjaya (Arjuna, the winner of wealth) dhanañjayaḥ
पौंड्रं the conch named Paundra pauṃḍraṃ
दध्मौ blew dadhmau
महाशङ्खं the terrific conchshell mahāśaṅkhaṃ
भीमकर्मा one who performs herculean tasks bhīmakarmā
वृकोदरः the voracious eater (Bhima). vṛkodaraḥ
Lord Krsna blew His conchshell, called Pañcajanya; Arjuna blew his, the Devadatta; and Bhima, the voracious eater and performer of herculean tasks, blew his terrific conchshell, called Paundra.
अनन्तविजयं राजा कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः । नकुलः सहदेवश्च सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ ॥ 16 ॥
anantavijayaṃ rājā kuntīputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ . nakulaḥ sahadevaśca sughoṣamaṇipuṣpakau .. 16 ..
King Yudhisthira, the son of Kunti, blew his conchshell, the Ananta-vijaya, and Nakula and Sahadeva blew the Sughosa and Manipuspaka.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
अनन्तविजयं the conch named Ananta-vijaya anantavijayaṃ
राजा the king rājā
कुन्तीपुत्रः the son of Kunti kuntīputraḥ
युधिष्ठिरः Yudhisthira yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
नकुलः Nakula nakulaḥ
सहदेवः Sahadeva sahadevaḥ
and ca
सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ the conches named Sughosa and Manipuspaka sughoṣamaṇipuṣpakau
King Yudhisthira, the son of Kunti, blew his conchshell, the Ananta-vijaya, and Nakula and Sahadeva blew the Sughosa and Manipuspaka.
काश्यश्च परमेष्वासः शिखण्डी च महारथः । धृष्टद्युम्नो विराटश्च सात्यकिश्चापराजितः ॥ 17 ॥
kāśyaśca parameṣvāsaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca mahārathaḥ . dhṛṣṭadyumno virāṭaśca sātyakiścāparājitaḥ .. 17 ..
That great archer the King of Kasi, the great fighter sikhandi, Dhrstadyumna, Virata, the unconquerable Satyaki, all blew their respective conchshells.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
काश्यः the King of Kasi (Varanasi) kāśyaḥ
and ca
परमेष्वासः the great archer parameṣvāsaḥ
शिखण्डी Sikhandi śikhaṇḍī
also ca
महारथः one who can fight alone against thousands mahārathaḥ
धृष्टद्युम्नः Dhristadyumna (the son of King Drupada) dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ
विराटः Virata (the prince who gave shelter to the Pandavas while they were in disguise) virāṭaḥ
also ca
सात्यकिः Satyaki (the same as Yuyudhana, the charioteer of Lord KRiShNa) sātyakiḥ
and ca
अपराजितः who had never been vanquished aparājitaḥ
That great archer the King of Kasi, the great fighter sikhandi, Dhrstadyumna, Virata, the unconquerable Satyaki, all blew their respective conchshells.
द्रुपदो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्वशः पृथिवीपते । सौभद्रश्च महाबाहुः शङ्खान्दध्मुः पृथक्पृथक् ॥ 18 ॥
drupado draupadeyāśca sarvaśaḥ pṛthivīpate . saubhadraśca mahābāhuḥ śaṅkhāndadhmuḥ pṛthakpṛthak .. 18 ..
Drupada, the sons of Draupadi, and others, O King, such as the mighty-armed son of Subhadra, all blew their respective conchshells.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
द्रुपदः Drupada, the King of Pancala drupadaḥ
द्रौपदेयाः the sons of Draupadi draupadeyāḥ
also ca
सर्वशः all sarvaśaḥ
पृथिवीपते O King pṛthivīpate
सौभद्रः Abhimanyu, the son of Subhadra saubhadraḥ
also ca
महाबाहुः mighty-armed mahābāhuḥ
शङ्खान् conchshells śaṅkhān
दध्मुः blew dadhmuḥ
पृथक् each separately. pṛthak
Drupada, the sons of Draupadi, and others, O King, such as the mighty-armed son of Subhadra, all blew their respective conchshells.
स घोषो धार्तराष्ट्राणां हृदयानि व्यदारयत् । नभश्च पृथिवीं चैव तुमुलो व्यनुनादयन् ॥ 19 ॥
sa ghoṣo dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ hṛdayāni vyadārayat . nabhaśca pṛthivīṃ caiva tumulo vyanunādayan .. 19 ..
The blowing of these different conchshells became uproarious. Vibrating both in the sky and on the earth, it shattered the hearts of the sons of Dhrtarastra.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
सः that saḥ
घोषः vibration ghoṣaḥ
धार्तराष्ट्राणां of the sons of Dhritarashtra dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ
हृदयानि hearts hṛdayāni
व्यदारयत् shattered vyadārayat
नभः the sky nabhaḥ
also ca
पृथिवीं the surface of the earth pṛthivīṃ
also ca
एव certainly eva
तुमुलः uproarious tumulaḥ
अभ्यनुनादयन् resounding. abhyanunādayan
The blowing of these different conchshells became uproarious. Vibrating both in the sky and on the earth, it shattered the hearts of the sons of Dhrtarastra.
अथ व्यवस्थितान्दृष्ट्वा धार्तराष्ट्रान्कपिध्वजः । प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसम्पाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः ॥ 20 ॥ हृषीकेशं तदा वाक्यमिदमाह महीपते।
atha vyavasthitāndṛṣṭvā dhārtarāṣṭrānkapidhvajaḥ . pravṛtte śastrasampāte dhanurudyamya pāṇḍavaḥ .. 20 .. hṛṣīkeśaṃ tadā vākyamidamāha mahīpate.
At that time Arjuna, the son of Pandu, seated in the chariot bearing the flag marked with Hanuman, took up his bow and prepared to shoot his arrows. O King, after looking at the sons of Dhrtarastra drawn in military array, Arjuna then spoke to Lord Krsna these words.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
अथ thereupon atha
व्यवस्थितान् situated vyavasthitān
दृष्ट्वा looking upon dṛṣṭvā
धार्तराष्ट्रान् the sons of Dhritarashtra dhārtarāṣṭrān
कपिध्वजः he whose flag was marked with Hanuman kapidhvajaḥ
प्रवृत्ते while about to engage pravṛtte
शस्त्रसम्पाते in releasing his arrows śastrasampāte
धनुः bow dhanuḥ
उद्यम्य taking up udyamya
पाण्डवः the son of Pandu (Arjuna) pāṇḍavaḥ
हृषीकेशं unto Lord KRiShNa hṛṣīkeśaṃ
तदा at that time tadā
वाक्यं words vākyaṃ
इदं these idaṃ
आह said āha
महीपते O King. mahīpate
At that time Arjuna, the son of Pandu, seated in the chariot bearing the flag marked with Hanuman, took up his bow and prepared to shoot his arrows. O King, after looking at the sons of Dhrtarastra drawn in military array, Arjuna then spoke to Lord Krsna these words.
अर्जुन उवाच । / arjuna uvacha ।
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये रथं स्थापय मेऽच्युत ॥ 21 ॥ यावदेतान्निरीक्षेऽहं योद्धुकामानवस्थितान् । कैर्मया सह योद्धव्यमस्मिन्रणसमुद्यमे ॥ 22 ॥
senayorubhayormadhye rathaṃ sthāpaya me'cyuta .. 21 .. yāvadetānnirīkṣe'haṃ yoddhukāmānavasthitān . kairmayā saha yoddhavyamasminraṇasamudyame .. 22 ..
Arjuna said: O infallible one, please draw my chariot between the two armies so that I may see those present here, who desire to fight, and with whom I must contend in this great trial of arms.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
अर्जुन उवाच Arjuna said arjuna uvāca
सेनयोः of the armies senayoḥ
उभयोः both ubhayoḥ
मध्ये between madhye
रथं the chariot rathaṃ
स्थापय please keep sthāpaya
मे my me
अच्युत O infallible one acyuta
यावत् as long as yāvat
एतान् all these etān
निरीक्षे may look upon nirīkṣe
अहं I ahaṃ
योद्धुकामान् desiring to fight yoddhukāmān
अवस्थितान् arrayed on the battlefield avasthitān
कैः with whom kaiḥ
मया by me mayā
सह together saha
योद्धव्यं have to fight yoddhavyaṃ
अस्मिन् in this asmin
रण strife raṇa
समुद्यमे in the attempt. samudyame
Arjuna said: O infallible one, please draw my chariot between the two armies so that I may see those present here, who desire to fight, and with whom I must contend in this great trial of arms.
योत्स्यमानानवेक्षेऽहं य एतेऽत्र समागताः । धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः ॥ 23 ॥
yotsyamānānavekṣe'haṃ ya ete'tra samāgatāḥ . dhārtarāṣṭrasya durbuddheryuddhe priyacikīrṣavaḥ .. 23 ..
Let me see those who have come here to fight, wishing to please the evil-minded son of Dhrtarastra.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
युद्धे in the fight yuddhe
योत्स्यमानान् those who will be fighting yotsyamānān
अवेक्षे let me see avekṣe
अहं I ahaṃ
ये who ye
एते those ete
अत्र here atra
समागताः assembled samāgatāḥ
धार्तराष्ट्रस्य for the son of Dhritarashtra dhārtarāṣṭrasya
दुर्बुद्धेः evil-minded durbuddheḥ
प्रिय well priya
चिकीर्षवः wishing. cikīrṣavaḥ
सञ्जय उवाच Sanjaya said sañjaya uvāca
Let me see those who have come here to fight, wishing to please the evil-minded son of Dhrtarastra.
सञ्जय उवाच । / sañjaya uvacha ।
एवमुक्तो हृषीकेशो गुडाकेशेन भारत । सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये स्थापयित्वा रथोत्तमम् ॥ 24 ॥
evamukto hṛṣīkeśo guḍākeśena bhārata . senayorubhayormadhye sthāpayitvā rathottamam .. 24 ..
Sañjaya said: O descendant of Bharata, having thus been addressed by Arjuna, Lord Krsna drew up the fine chariot in the midst of the armies of both parties.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
एवं thus evaṃ
उक्तः addressed uktaḥ
हृषीकेशः Lord KRiShNa hṛṣīkeśaḥ
गुडाकेशेन by Arjuna guḍākeśena
भारत O descendant of Bharata bhārata
सेनयोः of the armies senayoḥ
उभयोः both ubhayoḥ
मध्ये in the midst madhye
स्थापयित्वा placing sthāpayitvā
रथोत्तमं the finest chariot. rathottamaṃ
Sañjaya said: O descendant of Bharata, having thus been addressed by Arjuna, Lord Krsna drew up the fine chariot in the midst of the armies of both parties.
भीष्मद्रोणप्रमुखतः सर्वेषां च महीक्षिताम् । उवाच पार्थ पश्यैतान्समवेतान्कुरूनिति ॥ 25 ॥
bhīṣmadroṇapramukhataḥ sarveṣāṃ ca mahīkṣitām . uvāca pārtha paśyaitānsamavetānkurūniti .. 25 ..
In the presence of Bhisma, Drona and all the other chieftains of the world, the Lord said, “Just behold, Partha, all the Kurus assembled here.”
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
भीष्म Grandfather Bhishma bhīṣma
द्रोण the teacher Drona droṇa
प्रमुखतः in front of pramukhataḥ
सर्वेषां all sarveṣāṃ
also ca
महीक्षितां chiefs of the world mahīkṣitāṃ
उवाच said uvāca
पार्थ O son of Pritha pārtha
पश्य just behold paśya
एतान् all of them etān
समवेतान् assembled samavetān
कुरून् the members of the Kuru dynasty kurūn
इति thus. iti
In the presence of Bhisma, Drona and all the other chieftains of the world, the Lord said, “Just behold, Partha, all the Kurus assembled here.”
तत्रापश्यत्स्थितान्पार्थः पितॄनथ पितामहान् । आचार्यान्मातुलान्भ्रातॄन्पुत्रान्पौत्रान्सखींस्तथा ॥ 26 ॥ श्वशुरान्सुहृदश्चैव सेनयोरुभयोरपि ।
tatrāpaśyatsthitānpārthaḥ pitṝnatha pitāmahān . ācāryānmātulānbhrātṝnputrānpautrānsakhīṃstathā .. 26 .. śvaśurānsuhṛdaścaiva senayorubhayorapi .
There Arjuna could see, within the midst of the armies of both parties, his fathers, grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, friends, and also his fathers-in-law and well-wishers.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
तत्र there tatra
अपश्यत् he could see apaśyat
स्थितान् standing sthitān
पार्थः Arjuna pārthaḥ
पितृन् fathers pitṛn
अथ also atha
पितामहान् grandfathers pitāmahān
आचार्यान् teachers ācāryān
मातुलान् maternal uncles mātulān
भ्रातॄन् brothers bhrātṝn
पुत्रान् sons putrān
पौत्रान् grandsons pautrān
सखीन् friends sakhīn
तथा too tathā
श्वशुरान् fathers-in-law śvaśurān
सुहृदः well-wishers suhṛdaḥ
also ca
एव certainly eva
सेनयोः of the armies senayoḥ
उभयोः of both parties ubhayoḥ
अपि including. api
There Arjuna could see, within the midst of the armies of both parties, his fathers, grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, friends, and also his fathers-in-law and well-wishers.
तान्समीक्ष्य स कौन्तेयः सर्वान्बन्धूनवस्थितान् ॥ 27 ॥ कृपया परयाविष्टो विषीदन्निदमब्रवीत्।
tānsamīkṣya sa kaunteyaḥ sarvānbandhūnavasthitān .. 27 .. kṛpayā parayāviṣṭo viṣīdannidamabravīt.
When the son of Kunti, Arjuna, saw all these different grades of friends and relatives, he became overwhelmed with compassion and spoke thus.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
तान् all of them tān
समीक्ष्य after seeing samīkṣya
सः he saḥ
कौन्तेयः the son of Kunti kaunteyaḥ
सर्वान् all kinds of sarvān
बन्धून् relatives bandhūn
अवस्थितान् situated avasthitān
कृपया by compassion kṛpayā
परया of a high grade parayā
आविष्टः overwhelmed āviṣṭaḥ
विषीदन् while lamenting viṣīdan
इदं thus idaṃ
अब्रवीत् spoke. abravīt
When the son of Kunti, Arjuna, saw all these different grades of friends and relatives, he became overwhelmed with compassion and spoke thus.
अर्जुन उवाच । / arjuna uvacha ।
दृष्ट्वेमं स्वजनं कृष्ण युयुत्सुं समुपस्थितम् ॥ 28 ॥
dṛṣṭvemaṃ svajanaṃ kṛṣṇa yuyutsuṃ samupasthitam .. 28 ..
Arjuna said: Seeing these my kinsmen, O Krishna, arrayed, eager to fight,
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
अर्जुन उवाच Arjuna said arjuna uvāca
दृष्ट्वा after seeing dṛṣṭvā
इमं all these imaṃ
स्वजनं kinsmen svajanaṃ
कृष्ण O KRiShNa kṛṣṇa
युयुत्सुं all in a fighting spirit yuyutsuṃ
समुपस्थितं present samupasthitaṃ
Arjuna said: Seeing these my kinsmen, O Krishna, arrayed, eager to fight,
सीदन्ति मम गात्राणि मुखं च परिशुष्यति । वेपथुश्च शरीरे मे रोमहर्षश्च जायते ॥ 29 ॥
sīdanti mama gātrāṇi mukhaṃ ca pariśuṣyati . vepathuśca śarīre me romaharṣaśca jāyate .. 29 ..
My limbs fail and my mouth is parched, my body quivers and my hair stands on end.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
सीदन्ति are quivering sīdanti
मम my mama
गात्राणि limbs of the body gātrāṇi
मुखं mouth mukhaṃ
also ca
परिशुष्यति is drying up. pariśuṣyati
वेपथुः trembling of the body vepathuḥ
also ca
शरीरे on the body śarīre
मे my me
रोमहर्षः standing of hair on end romaharṣaḥ
also ca
जायते is taking place jāyate
My limbs fail and my mouth is parched, my body quivers and my hair stands on end.
गाण्डीवं स्रंसते हस्तात्त्वक्चैव परिदह्यते । न च शक्नोम्यवस्थातुं भ्रमतीव च मे मनः ॥ 30 ॥
gāṇḍīvaṃ sraṃsate hastāttvakcaiva paridahyate . na ca śaknomyavasthātuṃ bhramatīva ca me manaḥ .. 30 ..
The Gandiva-bow slips from my hand, and my skin burns all over; I am also unable to stand and my mind is whirling round, as it were.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
गाण्डीवं the bow of Arjuna gāṇḍīvaṃ
स्त्रंसते is slipping straṃsate
हस्तात् from the hand hastāt
त्वक् skin tvak
also ca
एव certainly eva
परिदह्यते is burning. paridahyate
nor na
also ca
शक्नोमि am I able śaknomi
अवस्थातुं to stay avasthātuṃ
भ्रमति forgetting bhramati
इव as iva
and ca
मे my me
मनः mind manaḥ
The Gandiva-bow slips from my hand, and my skin burns all over; I am also unable to stand and my mind is whirling round, as it were.
निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव । न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनमाहवे ॥ 31 ॥
nimittāni ca paśyāmi viparītāni keśava . na ca śreyo'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanamāhave .. 31 ..
And I see adverse omens, O Keshava. Nor do I see any good in killing my kinsmen in battle.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
निमित्तानि causes nimittāni
also ca
पश्यामि I see paśyāmi
विपरीतानि just the opposite viparītāni
केशव O killer of the demon Kesi (KRiShNa). keśava
nor na
also ca
श्रेयः good śreyaḥ
अनुपश्यामि do I foresee anupaśyāmi
हत्वा by killing hatvā
स्वजनं own kinsmen svajanaṃ
आहवे in the fight āhave
And I see adverse omens, O Keshava. Nor do I see any good in killing my kinsmen in battle.
न काङ्क्षे विजयं कृष्ण न च राज्यं सुखानि च । किं नो राज्येन गोविन्द किं भोगैर्जीवितेन वा ॥ 32 ॥
na kāṅkṣe vijayaṃ kṛṣṇa na ca rājyaṃ sukhāni ca . kiṃ no rājyena govinda kiṃ bhogairjīvitena vā .. 32 ..
For, I desire not victory, O Krishna, nor kingdom, nor pleasures. Of what avail is dominion to us, O Govinda? Of what avail are pleasures or even life itself?
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
nor na
काङ्क्षे do I desire kāṅkṣe
विजयं victory vijayaṃ
कृष्ण O KRiShNa kṛṣṇa
nor na
also ca
राज्यं kingdom rājyaṃ
सुखानि happiness thereof sukhāni
also. ca
किं what use kiṃ
नः to us naḥ
राज्येन is the kingdom rājyena
गोविन्द O KRiShNa govinda
किं what kiṃ
भोगैः enjoyment bhogaiḥ
जीवितेन living jīvitena
वा either
For, I desire not victory, O Krishna, nor kingdom, nor pleasures. Of what avail is dominion to us, O Govinda? Of what avail are pleasures or even life itself?
येषामर्थे काङ्क्षितं नो राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च । त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणांस्त्यक्त्वा धनानि च ॥ 33 ॥
yeṣāmarthe kāṅkṣitaṃ no rājyaṃ bhogāḥ sukhāni ca . ta ime'vasthitā yuddhe prāṇāṃstyaktvā dhanāni ca .. 33 ..
They for whose sake we desire kingdom, enjoyment and pleasures stand here in battle, having renounced life and wealth.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
येषां of whom yeṣāṃ
अर्थे for the sake arthe
काङ्क्षितं is desired kāṅkṣitaṃ
नः by us naḥ
राज्यं kingdom rājyaṃ
भोगाः material enjoyment bhogāḥ
सुखानि all happiness sukhāni
also ca
ते all of them te
इमे these ime
अवस्थिताः situated avasthitāḥ
युद्धे on this battlefield yuddhe
प्राणान् lives prāṇān
त्यक्त्वा giving up tyaktvā
धनानि riches dhanāni
also ca
They for whose sake we desire kingdom, enjoyment and pleasures stand here in battle, having renounced life and wealth.
आचार्याः पितरः पुत्रास्तथैव च पितामहाः । मातुलाः श्वशुराः पौत्राः श्यालाः सम्बन्धिनस्तथा ॥ 34 ॥
ācāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrāstathaiva ca pitāmahāḥ . mātulāḥ śvaśurāḥ pautrāḥ śyālāḥ sambandhinastathā .. 34 ..
Teachers, fathers, sons and also grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law and other relatives
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
आचार्याः teachers ācāryāḥ
पितरः fathers pitaraḥ
पुत्राः sons putrāḥ
तथा as well as tathā
एव certainly eva
also ca
पितामहाः grandfathers pitāmahāḥ
मातुलाः maternal uncles mātulāḥ
श्वशूराः fathers-in-law śvaśūrāḥ
पौत्राः grandsons pautrāḥ
श्यालाः brothers-in-law śyālāḥ
सम्बन्धिनः relatives sambandhinaḥ
तथा as well as tathā
Teachers, fathers, sons and also grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law and other relatives
एतान्न हन्तुमिच्छामि घ्नतोऽपि मधुसूदन । अपि त्रैलोक्यराज्यस्य हेतोः किं नु महीकृते ॥ 35 ॥
etānna hantumicchāmi ghnato'pi madhusūdana . api trailokyarājyasya hetoḥ kiṃ nu mahīkṛte .. 35 ..
These I do not wish to kill, though they kill me, O Madhusudana, even for the sake of dominion over the three worlds; how much less for the sake of the earth.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
एतान् all these etān
never na
हन्तुं to kill hantuṃ
इच्छामि do I wish icchāmi
घ्नतः being killed ghnataḥ
अपि even api
मधुसूदन O killer of the demon Madhu (KRiShNa) madhusūdana
अपि even if api
त्रैलोक्य of the three worlds trailokya
राज्यस्य for the kingdom rājyasya
हेतोः in exchange hetoḥ
किम् नु what to speak of kim nu
महीकृते for the sake of the earth mahīkṛte
These I do not wish to kill, though they kill me, O Madhusudana, even for the sake of dominion over the three worlds; how much less for the sake of the earth.
निहत्य धार्तराष्ट्रान्नः का प्रीतिः स्याज्जनार्दन । पापमेवाश्रयेदस्मान्हत्वैतानाततायिनः ॥ 36 ॥
nihatya dhārtarāṣṭrānnaḥ kā prītiḥ syājjanārdana . pāpamevāśrayedasmānhatvaitānātatāyinaḥ .. 36 ..
Killing these sons of Dhritarashtra, what pleasure can be ours, O Janardana? Sin alone will be our gain by killing these felons.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
निहत्य by killing nihatya
धार्तराष्ट्रान् the sons of Dhritarashtra dhārtarāṣṭrān
नः our naḥ
का what
प्रीतिः pleasure prītiḥ
स्यात् will there be syāt
जनार्दन O maintainer of all living entities. janārdana
पापं vices pāpaṃ
एव certainly eva
आश्रयेत् must come upon āśrayet
अस्मान् us asmān
हत्वा by killing hatvā
एतान् all these etān
आततायिनः aggressors ātatāyinaḥ
Killing these sons of Dhritarashtra, what pleasure can be ours, O Janardana? Sin alone will be our gain by killing these felons.
तस्मान्नार्हा वयं हन्तुं धार्तराष्ट्रान्स्वबान्धवान् । स्वजनं हि कथं हत्वा सुखिनः स्याम माधव ॥ 37 ॥
tasmānnārhā vayaṃ hantuṃ dhārtarāṣṭrānsvabāndhavān . svajanaṃ hi kathaṃ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava .. 37 ..
Therefore we shall not kill the sons of Dhritarashtra, our relatives; for how can we be happy by killing our own people, O Madhava?
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
तस्मात् therefore tasmāt
never na
आर्हाः deserving ārhāḥ
वयं we vayaṃ
हन्तुं to kill hantuṃ
धार्तराष्ट्रान् the sons of Dhritarashtra dhārtarāṣṭrān
सबान्धवान् along with friends sabāndhavān
स्वजनं kinsmen svajanaṃ
हि certainly hi
कथं how kathaṃ
हत्वा by killing hatvā
सुखिनः happy sukhinaḥ
स्याम will we become syāma
माधव O KRiShNa, husband of the goddess of fortune. mādhava
Therefore we shall not kill the sons of Dhritarashtra, our relatives; for how can we be happy by killing our own people, O Madhava?
यद्यप्येते न पश्यन्ति लोभोपहतचेतसः । कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम् ॥ 38 ॥
yadyapyete na paśyanti lobhopahatacetasaḥ . kulakṣayakṛtaṃ doṣaṃ mitradrohe ca pātakam .. 38 ..
Though these, with their intelligence clouded by greed, see no evil in the destruction of the families in the society, and no sin in their cruelty to friends
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
यदि if yadi
अपि even api
एते they ete
do not na
पश्यन्ति see paśyanti
लोभ by greed lobha
उपहत overpowered upahata
चेतसः their hearts cetasaḥ
कुलक्षय in killing the family kulakṣaya
कृतं done kṛtaṃ
दोषं fault doṣaṃ
मित्रद्रोहे in quarreling with friends mitradrohe
also ca
पातकं sinful reactions pātakaṃ
Though these, with their intelligence clouded by greed, see no evil in the destruction of the families in the society, and no sin in their cruelty to friends
कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः पापादस्मान्निवर्तितुम् । कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन ॥ 39 ॥
kathaṃ na jñeyamasmābhiḥ pāpādasmānnivartitum . kulakṣayakṛtaṃ doṣaṃ prapaśyadbhirjanārdana .. 39 ..
Why should not we, who clearly see evil in the destruction of the family-units, learn to turn away from this sin, O Janardana?
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
कथं why kathaṃ
should not na
ज्ञेयं be known jñeyaṃ
अस्माभिः by us asmābhiḥ
पापात् from sins pāpāt
अस्मात् these asmāt
निवर्तितुं to cease nivartituṃ
कुलक्षय in the destruction of a dynasty kulakṣaya
कृतं done kṛtaṃ
दोषं crime doṣaṃ
प्रपश्यद्भिः by those who can see prapaśyadbhiḥ
जनार्दन O KRiShNa. janārdana
Why should not we, who clearly see evil in the destruction of the family-units, learn to turn away from this sin, O Janardana?
कुलक्षये प्रणश्यन्ति कुलधर्माः सनातनाः । धर्मे नष्टे कुलं कृत्स्नमधर्मोऽभिभवत्युत ॥ 40 ॥
kulakṣaye praṇaśyanti kuladharmāḥ sanātanāḥ . dharme naṣṭe kulaṃ kṛtsnamadharmo'bhibhavatyuta .. 40 ..
In the destruction of a family, the immemorial religious rites of that family perish; on the destruction of spirituality, impiety overcomes the whole family.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
कुलक्षये in destroying the family kulakṣaye
प्रणश्यन्ति become vanquished praṇaśyanti
कुलधर्माः the family traditions kuladharmāḥ
सनातनाः eternal sanātanāḥ
धर्मे religion dharme
नष्टे being destroyed naṣṭe
कुलं family kulaṃ
कृत्स्नं whole kṛtsnaṃ
अधर्मः irreligion adharmaḥ
अभिभवति transforms abhibhavati
उत it is said. uta
In the destruction of a family, the immemorial religious rites of that family perish; on the destruction of spirituality, impiety overcomes the whole family.
अधर्माभिभवात्कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः । स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वार्ष्णेय जायते वर्णसङ्करः ॥ 41 ॥
adharmābhibhavātkṛṣṇa praduṣyanti kulastriyaḥ . strīṣu duṣṭāsu vārṣṇeya jāyate varṇasaṅkaraḥ .. 41 ..
By the prevalence of impiety, O Krishna, the women of the family become corrupt; and women being corrupted, O descendent of the Vrishni-clan, there arises intermingling of castes
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
अधर्म irreligion adharma
अभिभवात् having become predominant abhibhavāt
कृष्ण O KRiShNa kṛṣṇa
प्रदुष्यन्ति become polluted praduṣyanti
कुलस्त्रियः family ladies kulastriyaḥ
स्त्रीषु by the womanhood strīṣu
दुष्टासु being so polluted duṣṭāsu
वार्ष्णेय O descendant of VRiShNi vārṣṇeya
जायते comes into being jāyate
वर्णसङ्करः unwanted progeny. varṇasaṅkaraḥ
By the prevalence of impiety, O Krishna, the women of the family become corrupt; and women being corrupted, O descendent of the Vrishni-clan, there arises intermingling of castes
सङ्करो नरकायैव कुलघ्नानां कुलस्य च । पतन्ति पितरो ह्येषां लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः ॥ 42 ॥
saṅkaro narakāyaiva kulaghnānāṃ kulasya ca . patanti pitaro hyeṣāṃ luptapiṇḍodakakriyāḥ .. 42 ..
Confusion of castes leads the slayer of the family to hell; for their forefathers fall, deprived of the offerings of pinda and water.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
सङ्करः such unwanted children saṅkaraḥ
नरकाय make for hellish life narakāya
एव certainly eva
कुलघ्नानां for those who are killers of the family kulaghnānāṃ
कुलस्य for the family kulasya
also ca
पतन्ति fall down patanti
पितरः forefathers pitaraḥ
हि certainly hi
एषां of them eṣāṃ
लुप्त stopped lupta
पिण्ड of offerings of food piṇḍa
उदक and water udaka
क्रियाः performances. kriyāḥ
Confusion of castes leads the slayer of the family to hell; for their forefathers fall, deprived of the offerings of pinda and water.
दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानां वर्णसङ्करकारकैः । उत्साद्यन्ते जातिधर्माः कुलधर्माश्च शाश्वताः ॥ 43 ॥
doṣairetaiḥ kulaghnānāṃ varṇasaṅkarakārakaiḥ . utsādyante jātidharmāḥ kuladharmāśca śāśvatāḥ .. 43 ..
By these evil deeds of the destroyers of the family, which cause confusion of castes, the eternal religious rites of the caste and the family are destroyed.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
दोषैः by such faults doṣaiḥ
एतैः all these etaiḥ
कुलघ्नानां of the destroyers of the family kulaghnānāṃ
वर्णसङ्कर of unwanted children varṇasaṅkara
कारकैः which are causes kārakaiḥ
उत्साद्यन्ते are devastated utsādyante
जातिधर्माः community projects jātidharmāḥ
कुलधर्माः family traditions kuladharmāḥ
also ca
शाश्वताः eternal. śāśvatāḥ
By these evil deeds of the destroyers of the family, which cause confusion of castes, the eternal religious rites of the caste and the family are destroyed.
उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां मनुष्याणां जनार्दन । नरकेऽनियतं वासो भवतीत्यनुशुश्रुम ॥ 44 ॥
utsannakuladharmāṇāṃ manuṣyāṇāṃ janārdana . narake'niyataṃ vāso bhavatītyanuśuśruma .. 44 ..
We have heard, O Janardana, that it is inevitable for those men, in whose families the religious practices have been destroyed, to dwell in hell for an unknown period of time.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
उत्सन्न spoiled utsanna
कुलधर्माणां of those who have the family traditions kuladharmāṇāṃ
मनुष्याणां of such men manuṣyāṇāṃ
जनार्दन O KRiShNa janārdana
नरके in hell narake
नियतं always niyataṃ
वासः residence vāsaḥ
भवति it so becomes bhavati
इति thus iti
अनुशुश्रुम I have heard by disciplic succession. anuśuśruma
We have heard, O Janardana, that it is inevitable for those men, in whose families the religious practices have been destroyed, to dwell in hell for an unknown period of time.
अहो बत महत्पापं कर्तुं व्यवसिता वयम् । यद्राज्यसुखलोभेन हन्तुं स्वजनमुद्यताः ॥ 45 ॥
aho bata mahatpāpaṃ kartuṃ vyavasitā vayam . yadrājyasukhalobhena hantuṃ svajanamudyatāḥ .. 45 ..
Alas! We are involved in a great sin, in that we are prepared to kill our kinsmen, from greed for the pleasures of the kingdom.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
अहो alas aho
बत how strange it is bata
महत् great mahat
पापं sins pāpaṃ
कर्तुं to perform kartuṃ
व्यवासिताः have decided vyavāsitāḥ
वयं we vayaṃ
यत् because yat
राज्यसुखलोभेन driven by greed for royal happiness rājyasukhalobhena
हन्तुं to kill hantuṃ
स्वजनं kinsmen svajanaṃ
उद्यताः trying. udyatāḥ
Alas! We are involved in a great sin, in that we are prepared to kill our kinsmen, from greed for the pleasures of the kingdom.
यदि मामप्रतीकारमशस्त्रं शस्त्रपाणयः । धार्तराष्ट्रा रणे हन्युस्तन्मे क्षेमतरं भवेत् ॥ 46 ॥
yadi māmapratīkāramaśastraṃ śastrapāṇayaḥ . dhārtarāṣṭrā raṇe hanyustanme kṣemataraṃ bhavet .. 46 ..
If the sons of Dhritarashtra, weapons-in-hand, slay me in battle, unresisting and unarmed, that would be better for me.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
यदि even if yadi
मां me māṃ
अप्रतीकारं without being resistant apratīkāraṃ
अशस्त्रं without being fully equipped aśastraṃ
शस्त्रपाणयः those with weapons in hand śastrapāṇayaḥ
धार्तराष्ट्राः the sons of Dhritarashtra dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ
रणे on the battlefield raṇe
हन्युः may kill hanyuḥ
तत् that tat
मे for me me
क्षेमतरं better kṣemataraṃ
भवेत् would be. bhavet
If the sons of Dhritarashtra, weapons-in-hand, slay me in battle, unresisting and unarmed, that would be better for me.
सञ्जय उवाच । / sañjaya uvacha ।
एवमुक्त्वार्जुनः सङ्ख्ये रथोपस्थ उपाविशत् । विसृज्य सशरं चापं शोकसंविग्नमानसः ॥ 47 ॥
evamuktvārjunaḥ saṅkhye rathopastha upāviśat . visṛjya saśaraṃ cāpaṃ śokasaṃvignamānasaḥ .. 47 ..
Sanjaya said : Having thus spoken in the midst of the battle-field, Arjuna sat down on the seat of the chariot, casting away his bow and arrow, with a mind distressed with sorrow.
Sanskrit Word Meaning Transliteration
सञ्जय उवाच Sanjaya said sañjaya uvāca
एवं thus evaṃ
उक्त्वा saying uktvā
अर्जुनः Arjuna arjunaḥ
सङ्ख्ये in the battlefield saṅkhye
रथ of the chariot ratha
उपस्थे on the seat upasthe
उपविशत् sat down again upaviśat
विसृज्य putting aside visṛjya
सशरं along with arrows saśaraṃ
चापं the bow cāpaṃ
शोक by lamentation śoka
संविग्न distressed saṃvigna
मानसः within the mind. mānasaḥ
Sanjaya said : Having thus spoken in the midst of the battle-field, Arjuna sat down on the seat of the chariot, casting away his bow and arrow, with a mind distressed with sorrow.
ॐ तत्सदिति श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतासूपनिषत्सु ब्रह्मविद्यायां योगशास्त्रे श्रीकृष्णार्जुनसंवादे अर्जुनविषादयोगो नाम प्रथमोऽध्यायः ॥1 ॥
oṃ tatsaditi śrīmadbhagavadgītāsūpaniṣatsu brahmavidyāyāṃ yogaśāstre śrīkṛṣṇārjunasaṃvāde arjunaviṣādayogo nāma prathamo'dhyāyaḥ ..1 ..
AUM, "THAT" is "IT". Thus, the first section of the Auspicious Bhagavad Gita,named Arjuna's Vishadh Yoga[Arjuna'a Grief], From the Upanishads, The Knowledge of Supreme Consciousness, From the Knowledge of Yoga, a conversation between Lord Krishna and Arjuna.

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