प्रकृतिं पुरुषं चैव क्षेत्रं क्षेत्रज्ञमेव च ।
एतद्वेदितुमिच्छामि ज्ञानं ज्ञेयं च केशव ॥ 1 ॥
PADACHEDA
प्रकृतिम् पुरुषम् च एव क्षेत्रम् क्षेत्रज्ञम् एव च ।
एतत् वेदितुम् इच्छामि ज्ञानम् ज्ञेयम् च केशव ॥ १ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
prakṛtim puruṣam ca eva kṣetram kṣetrajñam eva ca .
etat veditum icchāmi jñānam jñeyam ca keśava .. 1 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
Arjuna said: O my dear Krsna, I wish to know about prakrti [nature], purusa [the enjoyer], and the field and the knower of the field, and of knowledge and the object of knowledge.
idam śarīram kaunteya kṣetram iti abhidhīyate .
etat yaḥ vetti tam prāhuḥ kṣetrajñaḥ iti tad-vidaḥ .. 2 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
The Supreme Personality of Godhead said: This body, O son of Kunti, is called the field, and one who knows this body is called the knower of the field.
क्षेत्रज्ञम् च अपि माम् विद्धि सर्व-क्षेत्रेषु भारत ।
क्षेत्र-क्षेत्रज्ञयोः ज्ञानम् यत् तत् ज्ञानम् मतम् मम ॥ ३ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
kṣetrajñam ca api mām viddhi sarva-kṣetreṣu bhārata .
kṣetra-kṣetrajñayoḥ jñānam yat tat jñānam matam mama .. 3 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
O scion of Bharata, you should understand that I am also the knower in all bodies, and to understand this body and its knower is called knowledge. That is My opinion.
तत्क्षेत्रं यच्च यादृक्च यद्विकारि यतश्च यत् ।
स च यो यत्प्रभावश्च तत्समासेन मे शृणु ॥ 4 ॥
PADACHEDA
तत् क्षेत्रम् यत् च यादृश् च यत् विकारि यतस् च यत् ।
स च यः यद्-प्रभावः च तत् समासेन मे शृणु ॥ ४ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
tat kṣetram yat ca yādṛś ca yat vikāri yatas ca yat .
sa ca yaḥ yad-prabhāvaḥ ca tat samāsena me śṛṇu .. 4 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
Now please hear My brief description of this field of activity and how it is constituted, what its changes are, whence it is produced, who that knower of the field of activities is, and what his influences are.
ऋषिभिः बहुधा गीतम् छन्दोभिः विविधैः पृथक् ।
ब्रह्मसूत्र-पदैः च एव हेतुमद्भिः विनिश्चितैः ॥ ५ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
ṛṣibhiḥ bahudhā gītam chandobhiḥ vividhaiḥ pṛthak .
brahmasūtra-padaiḥ ca eva hetumadbhiḥ viniścitaiḥ .. 5 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
That knowledge of the field of activities and of the knower of activities is described by various sages in various Vedic writings. It is especially presented in Vedanta-sutra with all reasoning as to cause and effect.
महाभूतान्यहङ्कारो बुद्धिरव्यक्तमेव च ।
इन्द्रियाणि दशैकं च पञ्च चेन्द्रियगोचराः ॥ 6 ॥
इच्छा द्वेषः सुखं दुःखं सङ्घातश्चेतना धृतिः ।
एतत्क्षेत्रं समासेन सविकारमुदाहृतम् ॥ 7 ॥
PADACHEDA
महाभूतानि अहङ्कारः बुद्धिः अव्यक्तम् एव च ।
इन्द्रियाणि दश एकम् च पञ्च च इन्द्रिय-गोचराः ॥ ६ ॥
इच्छा द्वेषः सुखम् दुःखम् सङ्घातः चेतना धृतिः ।
एतत् क्षेत्रम् समासेन स विकारम् उदाहृतम् ॥ ७ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
mahābhūtāni ahaṅkāraḥ buddhiḥ avyaktam eva ca .
indriyāṇi daśa ekam ca pañca ca indriya-gocarāḥ .. 6 ..
icchā dveṣaḥ sukham duḥkham saṅghātaḥ cetanā dhṛtiḥ .
etat kṣetram samāsena sa vikāram udāhṛtam .. 7 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
The five great elements, false ego, intelligence, the unmanifested, the ten senses and the mind, the five sense objects, desire, hatred, happiness, distress, the aggregate, the life symptoms, and convictions – all these are considered, in summary, to be the field of activities and its interactions.
Humility; pridelessness; nonviolence; tolerance; simplicity; approaching a bona fide spiritual master; cleanliness; steadiness; self-control; renunciation of the objects of sense gratification; absence of false ego; the perception of the evil of birth, death, old age and disease; detachment; freedom from entanglement with children, wife, home and the rest; even-mindedness amid pleasant and unpleasant events; constant and unalloyed devotion to Me; aspiring to live in a solitary place; detachment from the general mass of people; accepting the importance of self-realization; and philosophical search for the Absolute Truth – all these I declare to be knowledge, and besides this whatever there may be is ignorance.
ज्ञेयम् यत् तत् प्रवक्ष्यामि यत् ज्ञात्वा अमृतम् अश्नुते ।
अनादिमत् परम् ब्रह्म न सत् तत् न असत् उच्यते ॥ १३ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
jñeyam yat tat pravakṣyāmi yat jñātvā amṛtam aśnute .
anādimat param brahma na sat tat na asat ucyate .. 13 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
I shall now explain the knowable, knowing which you will taste the eternal. Brahman, the spirit, beginningless and subordinate to Me, lies beyond the cause and effect of this material world.
सर्व-इन्द्रिय-गुण-आभासम् सर्व-इन्द्रिय-विवर्जितम् ।
असक्तम् सर्व-भृत् च एव निर्गुणम् गुण-भोक्तृ च ॥ १५ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
sarva-indriya-guṇa-ābhāsam sarva-indriya-vivarjitam .
asaktam sarva-bhṛt ca eva nirguṇam guṇa-bhoktṛ ca .. 15 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
The Supersoul is the original source of all senses, yet He is without senses. He is unattached, although He is the maintainer of all living beings. He transcends the modes of nature, and at the same time He is the master of all the modes of material nature.
बहिरन्तश्च भूतानामचरं चरमेव च ।
सूक्ष्मत्वात्तदविज्ञेयं दूरस्थं चान्तिके च तत् ॥ 16 ॥
PADACHEDA
बहिस् अन्तर् च भूतानाम् अचरम् चरम् एव च ।
सूक्ष्म-त्वात् तत् अविज्ञेयम् दूर-स्थम् च अन्तिके च तत् ॥ १६ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
bahis antar ca bhūtānām acaram caram eva ca .
sūkṣma-tvāt tat avijñeyam dūra-stham ca antike ca tat .. 16 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
The Supreme Truth exists outside and inside of all living beings, the moving and the nonmoving. Because He is subtle, He is beyond the power of the material senses to see or to know. Although far, far away, He is also near to all.
अविभक्तं च भूतेषु विभक्तमिव च स्थितम् ।
भूतभर्तृ च तज्ज्ञेयं ग्रसिष्णु प्रभविष्णु च ॥ 17 ॥
PADACHEDA
अविभक्तम् च भूतेषु विभक्तम् इव च स्थितम् ।
भूत-भर्तृ च तत् ज्ञेयम् ग्रसिष्णु प्रभविष्णु च ॥ १७ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
avibhaktam ca bhūteṣu vibhaktam iva ca sthitam .
bhūta-bhartṛ ca tat jñeyam grasiṣṇu prabhaviṣṇu ca .. 17 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
Although the Supersoul appears to be divided among all beings, He is never divided. He is situated as one. Although He is the maintainer of every living entity, it is to be understood that He devours and develops all.
jyotiṣām api tat jyotiḥ tamasaḥ param ucyate .
jñānam jñeyam jñāna-gamyam hṛdi sarvasya viṣṭhitam .. 18 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
He is the source of light in all luminous objects. He is beyond the darkness of matter and is unmanifested. He is knowledge, He is the object of knowledge, and He is the goal of knowledge. He is situated in everyone’s heart.
Thus the field of activities [the body], knowledge and the knowable have been summarily described by Me. Only My devotees can understand this thoroughly and thus attain to My nature.
प्रकृतिम् पुरुषम् च एव विद्धि अनादि उभौ अपि ।
विकारान् च गुणान् च एव विद्धि प्रकृति-सम्भवान् ॥ २० ॥
TRANSLITERATION
prakṛtim puruṣam ca eva viddhi anādi ubhau api .
vikārān ca guṇān ca eva viddhi prakṛti-sambhavān .. 20 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
Material nature and the living entities should be understood to be beginningless. Their transformations and the modes of matter are products of material nature.
Nature is said to be the cause of all material causes and effects, whereas the living entity is the cause of the various sufferings and enjoyments in this world.
पुरुषः प्रकृति-स्थः हि भुङ्क्ते प्रकृति-जान् गुणान् ।
कारणम् गुण-सङ्गः अस्य सत्-असत्-योनि-जन्मसु ॥ २२ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
puruṣaḥ prakṛti-sthaḥ hi bhuṅkte prakṛti-jān guṇān .
kāraṇam guṇa-saṅgaḥ asya sat-asat-yoni-janmasu .. 22 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
The living entity in material nature thus follows the ways of life, enjoying the three modes of nature. This is due to his association with that material nature. Thus he meets with good and evil among various species.
उपद्रष्टा अनुमन्ता च भर्ता भोक्ता महेश्वरः ।
परमात्मा इति च अपि उक्तः देहे अस्मिन् पुरुषः परः ॥ २३ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
upadraṣṭā anumantā ca bhartā bhoktā maheśvaraḥ .
paramātmā iti ca api uktaḥ dehe asmin puruṣaḥ paraḥ .. 23 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
Yet in this body there is another, a transcendental enjoyer, who is the Lord, the supreme proprietor, who exists as the overseer and permitter, and who is known as the Supersoul.
य एवं वेत्ति पुरुषं प्रकृतिं च गुणैः सह ।
सर्वथा वर्तमानोऽपि न स भूयोऽभिजायते ॥ 24 ॥
PADACHEDA
यः एवम् वेत्ति पुरुषम् प्रकृतिम् च गुणैः सह ।
सर्वथा वर्तमानः अपि न स भूयस् अभिजायते ॥ २४ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
yaḥ evam vetti puruṣam prakṛtim ca guṇaiḥ saha .
sarvathā vartamānaḥ api na sa bhūyas abhijāyate .. 24 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
One who understands this philosophy concerning material nature, the living entity and the interaction of the modes of nature is sure to attain liberation. He will not take birth here again, regardless of his present position.
ध्यानेन आत्मनि पश्यन्ति केचिद् आत्मानम् आत्मना ।
अन्ये साङ्ख्येन योगेन कर्म-योगेन च अपरे ॥ २५ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
dhyānena ātmani paśyanti kecid ātmānam ātmanā .
anye sāṅkhyena yogena karma-yogena ca apare .. 25 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
Some perceive the Supersoul within themselves through meditation, others through the cultivation of knowledge, and still others through working without fruitive desires.
अन्ये तु एवम् अ जानन्तः श्रुत्वा अन्येभ्यः उपासते ।
ते अपि च अतितरन्ति एव मृत्युम् श्रुति-परायणाः ॥ २६ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
anye tu evam a jānantaḥ śrutvā anyebhyaḥ upāsate .
te api ca atitaranti eva mṛtyum śruti-parāyaṇāḥ .. 26 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
Again there are those who, although not conversant in spiritual knowledge, begin to worship the Supreme Person upon hearing about Him from others. Because of their tendency to hear from authorities, they also transcend the path of birth and death.
O chief of the Bharatas, know that whatever you see in existence, both the moving and the nonmoving, is only a combination of the field of activities and the knower of the field.
One who sees the Supersoul accompanying the individual soul in all bodies, and who understands that neither the soul nor the Supersoul within the destructible body is ever destroyed, actually sees.
समं पश्यन्हि सर्वत्र समवस्थितमीश्वरम् ।
न हिनस्त्यात्मनात्मानं ततो याति परां गतिम् ॥ 29 ॥
PADACHEDA
समम् पश्यन् हि सर्वत्र समवस्थितम् ईश्वरम् ।
न हिनस्ति आत्मना आत्मानम् ततस् याति पराम् गतिम् ॥ २९ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
samam paśyan hi sarvatra samavasthitam īśvaram .
na hinasti ātmanā ātmānam tatas yāti parām gatim .. 29 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
One who sees the Supersoul equally present everywhere, in every living being, does not degrade himself by his mind. Thus he approaches the transcendental destination.
प्रकृत्यैव च कर्माणि क्रियमाणानि सर्वशः ।
यः पश्यति तथात्मानमकर्तारं स पश्यति ॥ 30 ॥
PADACHEDA
प्रकृत्या एव च कर्माणि क्रियमाणानि सर्वशस् ।
यः पश्यति तथा आत्मानम् अकर्तारम् स पश्यति ॥ ३० ॥
TRANSLITERATION
prakṛtyā eva ca karmāṇi kriyamāṇāni sarvaśas .
yaḥ paśyati tathā ātmānam akartāram sa paśyati .. 30 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
One who can see that all activities are performed by the body, which is created of material nature, and sees that the self does nothing, actually sees.
यदा भूत-पृथग्भावम् एकस्थम् अनुपश्यति ।
ततस् एव च विस्तारम् ब्रह्म सम्पद्यते तदा ॥ ३१ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
yadā bhūta-pṛthagbhāvam ekastham anupaśyati .
tatas eva ca vistāram brahma sampadyate tadā .. 31 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
When a sensible man ceases to see different identities due to different material bodies and he sees how beings are expanded everywhere, he attains to the Brahman conception.
अनादित्वान्निर्गुणत्वात्परमात्मायमव्ययः ।
शरीरस्थोऽपि कौन्तेय न करोति न लिप्यते ॥ 32 ॥
PADACHEDA
अनादि-त्वात् निर्गुण-त्वात् परमात्मा अयम् अव्ययः ।
शरीर-स्थः अपि कौन्तेय न करोति न लिप्यते ॥ ३२ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
anādi-tvāt nirguṇa-tvāt paramātmā ayam avyayaḥ .
śarīra-sthaḥ api kaunteya na karoti na lipyate .. 32 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
Those with the vision of eternity can see that the imperishable soul is transcendental, eternal, and beyond the modes of nature. Despite contact with the material body, O Arjuna, the soul neither does anything nor is entangled.
यथा सर्व-गतम् सौक्ष्म्यात् आकाशम् न उपलिप्यते ।
सर्वत्र अवस्थितः देहे तथा आत्मा न उपलिप्यते ॥ ३३ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
yathā sarva-gatam saukṣmyāt ākāśam na upalipyate .
sarvatra avasthitaḥ dehe tathā ātmā na upalipyate .. 33 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
The sky, due to its subtle nature, does not mix with anything, although it is all-pervading. Similarly, the soul situated in Brahman vision does not mix with the body, though situated in that body.
O son of Bharata, as the sun alone illuminates all this universe, so does the living entity, one within the body, illuminate the entire body by consciousness.
क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञयोरेवमन्तरं ज्ञानचक्षुषा ।
भूतप्रकृतिमोक्षं च ये विदुर्यान्ति ते परम् ॥ 35 ॥
PADACHEDA
क्षेत्र-क्षेत्रज्ञयोः एवम् अन्तरम् ज्ञानचक्षुषा ।
भूत-प्रकृति-मोक्षम् च ये विदुः यान्ति ते परम् ॥ ३५ ॥
TRANSLITERATION
kṣetra-kṣetrajñayoḥ evam antaram jñānacakṣuṣā .
bhūta-prakṛti-mokṣam ca ye viduḥ yānti te param .. 35 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
Those who see with eyes of knowledge the difference between the body and the knower of the body, and can also understand the process of liberation from bondage in material nature, attain to the supreme goal.
om tat sat iti śrīmat-bhagavadgītāsu upaniṣatsu brahmavidyāyām yoga-śāstre śrī-kṛṣṇa-arjuna-saṃvāde
kṣetrakṣetrajñavibhāgayogaḥ nāma trayodaśaḥ adhyāyaḥ ..13 ..
ENGLISH MEANING
AUM, "THAT" is "IT". Thus, the Thirteenth section of the Auspicious Bhagavad Gita,named Ksetra Kshetragya Vibhaga Yoga[The Yoga of Matter and Spirit] , From the Upanishads, The Knowledge of Supreme Consciousness, From the Knowledge of Yoga, a conversation between Lord Krishna and Arjuna.
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