11.1. Him who wishes (to marry for the sake of having) offspring, him who wishes to perform a sacrifice, a traveller, him who has given away all his property, him who begs for the sake of his teacher, his father, or his mother, a student of the Veda, and a sick man,
na vai tān snātakān vidyāt brāhmaṇān dharma-bhikṣukān . niḥsvebhyaḥ deyam etebhyaḥ dānam vidyā-viśeṣataḥ .. 11.2..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.2. These nine Brahmanas one should consider as Snatakas, begging in order to fulfil the sacred law; to such poor men gifts must be given in proportion to their learning.
एतेभ्यः हि द्विजाग्र्येभ्यः देयम् अन्नम् स दक्षिणम् । इतरेभ्यः बहिर्वेदि कृतान्नम् देयम् उच्यते ॥ ११।३॥
TRANSLITERATION
etebhyaḥ hi dvijāgryebhyaḥ deyam annam sa dakṣiṇam . itarebhyaḥ bahirvedi kṛtānnam deyam ucyate .. 11.3..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.3. To these most excellent among the twice-born, food and presents (of money) must be given; it is declared that food must be given to others outside the sacrificial enclosure.
11.5. If a man who has a wife weds a second wife, having begged money (to defray the marriage expenses, he obtains) no advantage but sensual enjoyment; but the issue (of his second marriage belongs) to the giver of the money.
11.6. One should give, according to one’s ability, wealth to Brahmanas learned in the Veda and living alone; (thus) one obtains after death heavenly bliss.
यस्य त्रैवार्षिकम् भक्तम् पर्याप्तम् भृत्य-वृत्तये । अधिकम् वा अपि विद्येत स सोमम् पातुम् अर्हति ॥ ११।७॥
TRANSLITERATION
yasya traivārṣikam bhaktam paryāptam bhṛtya-vṛttaye . adhikam vā api vidyeta sa somam pātum arhati .. 11.7..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.7. He who may possess (a supply of) food sufficient to maintain those dependant on him during three years or more than that, is worthy to drink the Soma-juice.
अतः स्वल्पीयसि द्रव्ये यः सोमं पिबति द्विजः । स पीतसोमपूर्वोऽपि न तस्याप्नोति तत्फलम् ॥ ११.८॥
PADACHEDA
अतस् स्वल्पीयसि द्रव्ये यः सोमम् पिबति द्विजः । स पीतसोमपूर्वः अपि न तस्य आप्नोति तत् फलम् ॥ ११।८॥
TRANSLITERATION
atas svalpīyasi dravye yaḥ somam pibati dvijaḥ . sa pītasomapūrvaḥ api na tasya āpnoti tat phalam .. 11.8..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.8. But a twice-born man, who, though possessing less than that amount of property, nevertheless drinks the Soma-juice, does not derive any benefit from that (act), though he may have formerly drunk the Soma-juice.
11.9. (If) an opulent man (is) liberal towards strangers, while his family lives in distress, that counterfeit virtue will first make him taste the sweets (of fame, but afterwards) make him swallow the poison (of punishment in hell).
भृत्यानामुपरोधेन यत्करोत्यौर्ध्वदेहिकम् । तद्भवत्यसुखौदर्कं जीवतश्च मृतस्य च ॥ ११.१०॥
PADACHEDA
भृत्यानाम् उपरोधेन यत् करोति और्ध्वदेहिकम् । तत् भवति असुख-औदर्कम् जीवतः च मृतस्य च ॥ ११।१०॥
TRANSLITERATION
bhṛtyānām uparodhena yat karoti aurdhvadehikam . tat bhavati asukha-audarkam jīvataḥ ca mṛtasya ca .. 11.10..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.10. If (a man) does anything for the sake of his happiness in another world, to the detriment of those whom he is bound to maintain, that produces evil results for him, both while he lives and when he is dead.
11.11. If a sacrifice, (offered) by (any twice-born) sacrificer, (and) especially by a Brahmana, must remain incomplete through (the want of) one requisite, while a righteous king rules,
11.12. That article (required) for the completion of the sacrifice, may be taken (forcibly) from the house of any Vaisya, who possesses a large number of cattle, (but) neither performs the (minor) sacrifices nor drinks the Soma-juice.
आहरेत्त्रीणि वा द्वे वा कामं शूद्रस्य वेश्मनः । न हि शूद्रस्य यज्ञेषु कश्चिदस्ति परिग्रहः ॥ ११.१३॥
PADACHEDA
आहरेत् त्रीणि वा द्वे वा कामम् शूद्रस्य वेश्मनः । न हि शूद्रस्य यज्ञेषु कश्चिद् अस्ति परिग्रहः ॥ ११।१३॥
TRANSLITERATION
āharet trīṇi vā dve vā kāmam śūdrasya veśmanaḥ . na hi śūdrasya yajñeṣu kaścid asti parigrahaḥ .. 11.13..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.13. (Or) the (sacrificer) may take at his pleasure two or three (articles required for a sacrifice) from the house of a Sudra; for a Sudra has no business with sacrifices.
yaḥ anāhitāgniḥ śataguḥ ayajvā ca sahasraguḥ . tayoḥ api kuṭumbābhyām āharet a vicārayan .. 11.14..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.14. If (a man) possessing one hundred cows, kindles not the sacred fire, or one possessing a thousand cows, drinks not the Soma-juice, a (sacrificer) may unhesitatingly take (what he requires) from the houses of those two, even (though they be Brahmanas or Kshatriyas);
आदाननित्याच्चादातुराहरेदप्रयच्छतः । तथा यशोऽस्य प्रथते धर्मश्चैव प्रवर्धते ॥ ११.१५॥
PADACHEDA
आदान-नित्यात् च अदातुः आहरेत् अप्रयच्छतः । तथा यशः अस्य प्रथते धर्मः च एव प्रवर्धते ॥ ११।१५॥
TRANSLITERATION
ādāna-nityāt ca adātuḥ āharet aprayacchataḥ . tathā yaśaḥ asya prathate dharmaḥ ca eva pravardhate .. 11.15..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.15. (Or) he may take (it by force or fraud) from one who always takes and never gives, and who refuses to give it; thus the fame (of the taker) will spread and his merit increase.
tathā eva saptame bhakte bhaktāni ṣaḍ an aśnatā . aśvastana-vidhānena hartavyam hīna-karmaṇaḥ .. 11.16..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.16. Likewise he who has not eaten at (the time of) six meals, may take at (the time of) the seventh meal (food) from a man who neglects his sacred duties, without (however) making a provision for the morrow,
खलात् क्षेत्रात् अगारात् वा यतस् वा अपि उपलभ्यते । आख्यातव्यम् तु तत् तस्मै पृच्छते यदि पृच्छति ॥ ११।१७॥
TRANSLITERATION
khalāt kṣetrāt agārāt vā yatas vā api upalabhyate . ākhyātavyam tu tat tasmai pṛcchate yadi pṛcchati .. 11.17..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.17. Either from the threshing-floor, or from a field, or out of the house, or wherever he finds it; but if (the owner) asks him, he must confess to him that (deed and its cause).
brāhmaṇa-svam na hartavyam kṣatriyeṇa kadā cana . dasyu-niṣkriyayoḥ tu svam a jīvan hartum arhati .. 11.18..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.18. (On such occasions) a Kshatriya must never take the property of a (virtuous Brahmana; but he who is starving may appropriate the possessions of a Dasyu, or of one who neglects his sacred duties.
yaḥ asādhubhyaḥ artham ādāya sādhubhyaḥ samprayacchati . sa kṛtvā plavam ātmānam saṃtārayati tau ubhau .. 11.19..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.19. He who takes property from the wicked and bestows it on the virtuous, transforms himself into a boat, and carries both (over the sea of misfortune).
yat dhanam yajña-śīlānām deva-svam tat viduḥ budhāḥ . ayajvanām tu yat vittam āsura-svam tat ucyate .. 11.20..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.20. The property of those who zealously offer sacrifices, the wise call the property of the gods; but the wealth of those who perform no sacrifices is called the property of the Asuras.
न तस्मिन् धारयेद्दण्डं धार्मिकः पृथिवीपतिः । क्षत्रियस्य हि बालिश्याद्ब्राह्मणः सीदति क्षुधा ॥ ११.२१॥
PADACHEDA
न तस्मिन् धारयेत् दण्डम् धार्मिकः पृथिवीपतिः । क्षत्रियस्य हि बालिश्यात् ब्राह्मणः सीदति क्षुधा ॥ ११।२१॥
TRANSLITERATION
na tasmin dhārayet daṇḍam dhārmikaḥ pṛthivīpatiḥ . kṣatriyasya hi bāliśyāt brāhmaṇaḥ sīdati kṣudhā .. 11.21..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.21. On him (who, for the reasons stated, appropriates another’s possessions), a righteous king shall not inflict punishment; for (in that case) a Brahmana pines with hunger through the Kshatriya’s want of care.
11.22. Having ascertained the number of those dependent on such a man, and having fully considered his learning and his conduct, the king shall allow him, out of his own property, a maintenance whereon he may live according to the law;
कल्पयित्वाऽस्य वृत्तिं च रक्षेदेनं समन्ततः । राजा हि धर्मषड्भागं तस्मात्प्राप्नोति रक्षितात् ॥ ११.२३॥
PADACHEDA
कल्पयित्वा अस्य वृत्तिम् च रक्षेत् एनम् समन्ततः । राजा हि धर्म-षड्भागम् तस्मात् प्राप्नोति रक्षितात् ॥ ११।२३॥
TRANSLITERATION
kalpayitvā asya vṛttim ca rakṣet enam samantataḥ . rājā hi dharma-ṣaḍbhāgam tasmāt prāpnoti rakṣitāt .. 11.23..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.23. And after allotting to him a maintenance, the king must protect him in every way; for he obtains from such (a man) whom he protects, the part of his spiritual merit.
न यज्ञार्थं धनं शूद्राद्विप्रो भिक्षेत कर्हि चित् । यजमानो हि भिक्षित्वा चण्डालः प्रेत्य जायते ॥ ११.२४॥
PADACHEDA
न यज्ञ-अर्थम् धनम् शूद्रात् विप्रः भिक्षेत कर्हि चित् । यजमानः हि भिक्षित्वा चण्डालः प्रेत्य जायते ॥ ११।२४॥
TRANSLITERATION
na yajña-artham dhanam śūdrāt vipraḥ bhikṣeta karhi cit . yajamānaḥ hi bhikṣitvā caṇḍālaḥ pretya jāyate .. 11.24..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.24. A Brahmana shall never beg from a Sudra property for a sacrifice; for a sacrificer, having begged (it from such a man), after death is born (again) as a Kandala.
यज्ञार्थमर्थं भिक्षित्वा यो न सर्वं प्रयच्छति । स याति भासतां विप्रः काकतां वा शतं समाः ॥ ११.२५॥
PADACHEDA
यज्ञ-अर्थम् अर्थम् भिक्षित्वा यः न सर्वम् प्रयच्छति । स याति भास-ताम् विप्रः काक-ताम् वा शतम् समाः ॥ ११।२५॥
TRANSLITERATION
yajña-artham artham bhikṣitvā yaḥ na sarvam prayacchati . sa yāti bhāsa-tām vipraḥ kāka-tām vā śatam samāḥ .. 11.25..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.25. A Brahmana who, having begged any property for a sacrifice, does not use the whole (for that purpose), becomes for a hundred years a (vulture of the kind called) Bhasa, or a crow.
देवस्वं ब्राह्मणस्वं वा लोभेनोपहिनस्ति यः । स पापात्मा परे लोके गृध्रौच्छिष्टेन जीवति ॥ ११.२६॥
PADACHEDA
देव-स्वम् ब्राह्मण-स्वम् वा लोभेन उपहिनस्ति यः । स पाप-आत्मा परे लोके गृध्र-उच्छिष्टेन जीवति ॥ ११।२६॥
TRANSLITERATION
deva-svam brāhmaṇa-svam vā lobhena upahinasti yaḥ . sa pāpa-ātmā pare loke gṛdhra-ucchiṣṭena jīvati .. 11.26..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.26. That sinful man, who, through covetousness, seizes the property of the gods, or the property of Brahmanas, feeds in another world on the leavings of vultures.
11.27. In case the prescribed animal and Soma-sacrifices cannot be performed, let him always offer at the change of the year a Vaisvanari Ishti as a penance (for the omission).
11.28. But a twice-born, who, without being in distress, performs his duties according to the law for times of distress, obtains no reward for them in the next world; that is the opinion (of the sages).
विश्वैः च देवैः साध्यैः च ब्राह्मणैः च महा-ऋषिभिः । आपत्सु मरणात् भीतैः विधेः प्रतिनिधिः कृतः ॥ ११।२९॥
TRANSLITERATION
viśvaiḥ ca devaiḥ sādhyaiḥ ca brāhmaṇaiḥ ca mahā-ṛṣibhiḥ . āpatsu maraṇāt bhītaiḥ vidheḥ pratinidhiḥ kṛtaḥ .. 11.29..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.29. By the Visve-devas, by the Sadhyas, and by the great sages (of the) Brahmana (caste), who were afraid of perishing in times of distress, a substitute was made for the (principal) rule.
11.30. That evil-minded man, who, being able (to fulfil) the original law, lives according to the secondary rule, reaps no reward for that after death.
na brāhmaṇaḥ vedayeta kiñcid rājani dharma-vid . sva-vīryeṇa eva tān śiṣyān mānava-anapakāriṇaḥ .. 11.31..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.31. A Brahmana who knows the law need not bring any (offence) to the notice of the king; by his own power alone be can punish those men who injure him.
śrutīḥ atharva-āṅgirasīḥ kuryāt iti a vicārayan . vāc-ṣastram vai brāhmaṇasya tena hanyāt arīn dvijaḥ .. 11.33..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.33. Let him use without hesitation the sacred texts, revealed by Atharvan and by Angiras; speech, indeed, is the weapon of the Brahmana, with that he may slay his enemies.
11.34. A Kshatriya shall pass through misfortunes which have befallen him by the strength of his arms, a Vaisya and a Sudra by their wealth, the chief of the twice-born by muttered prayers and burnt-oblations.
विधाता शासिता वक्ता मैत्रः ब्राह्मणः उच्यते । तस्मै न अकुशलम् ब्रूयात् न शुष्काम् गिरम् ईरयेत् ॥ ११।३५॥
TRANSLITERATION
vidhātā śāsitā vaktā maitraḥ brāhmaṇaḥ ucyate . tasmai na akuśalam brūyāt na śuṣkām giram īrayet .. 11.35..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.35. The Brahmana is declared (to be) the creator (of the world), the punisher, the teacher, (and hence) a benefactor (of all created beings); to him let no man say anything unpropitious, nor use any harsh words.
न वै कन्या न युवतिर्नाल्पविद्यो न बालिशः । होता स्यादग्निहोत्रस्य नार्तो नासंस्कृतस्तथा ॥ ११.३६॥
PADACHEDA
न वै कन्या न युवतिः न अल्प-विद्यः न बालिशः । होता स्यात् अग्निहोत्रस्य न आर्तः न अ संस्कृतः तथा ॥ ११।३६॥
TRANSLITERATION
na vai kanyā na yuvatiḥ na alpa-vidyaḥ na bāliśaḥ . hotā syāt agnihotrasya na ārtaḥ na a saṃskṛtaḥ tathā .. 11.36..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.36. Neither a girl, nor a (married) young woman, nor a man of little learning, nor a fool, nor a man in great suffering, nor one uninitiated, shall offer an Agnihotra.
नरके हि पतन्त्येते जुह्वन्तः स च यस्य तत् । जुह्वतः तस्माद्वैतानकुशलो होता स्याद्वेदपारगः ॥ ११.३७॥
PADACHEDA
नरके हि पतन्ति एते जुह्वन्तः स च यस्य तत् । जुह्वतः तस्मात् वैतान-कुशलः होता स्यात् वेदपारगः ॥ ११।३७॥
TRANSLITERATION
narake hi patanti ete juhvantaḥ sa ca yasya tat . juhvataḥ tasmāt vaitāna-kuśalaḥ hotā syāt vedapāragaḥ .. 11.37..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.37. For such (persons) offering a burnt-oblation sink into hell, as well as he to whom that (Agnihotra) belongs; hence the person who sacrifices (for another) must be skilled in (the performance of) Vaitana (rites), and know the whole Veda.
prājāpatyam a dattvā aśvam agnyādheyasya dakṣiṇām . anāhitāgniḥ bhavati brāhmaṇaḥ vibhave sati .. 11.38..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.38. A Brahmana who, though wealthy, does not give, as fee for the performance of an Agnyadheya, a horse sacred to Pragapati, becomes (equal to one) who has not kindled the sacred fires.
puṇyāni anyāni kurvīta śraddadhānaḥ jita-indriyaḥ . na tu alpa-dakṣiṇaiḥ yajñaiḥ yajeta iha katham cana .. 11.39..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.39. Let him who has faith and controls his senses perform other meritorious acts, but let him on no account offer sacrifices at which he gives smaller fees (than those prescribed).
11.40. The organs (of sense and action), honour, (bliss in) heaven, longevity, fame, offspring, and cattle are destroyed by a sacrifice at which (too) small sacrificial fees are given; hence a man of small means should not offer a (Srauta) sacrifice.
agnihotrī-apavidyā-agnīn brāhmaṇaḥ kāmakārataḥ . cāndrāyaṇam caret māsam vīra-hatyā-samam hi tat .. 11.41..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.41. A Brahmana who, being an Agnihotrin, voluntarily neglects the sacred fires, shall perform a lunar penance during one month; for that (offence) is equal to the slaughter of a son.
ये शूद्रादधिगम्यार्थमग्निहोत्रमुपासते । ऋत्विजस्ते हि शूद्राणां ब्रह्मवादिषु गर्हिताः ॥ ११.४२॥
PADACHEDA
ये शूद्रात् अधिगम्य अर्थम् अग्निहोत्रम् उपासते । ऋत्विजः ते हि शूद्राणाम् ब्रह्म-वादिषु गर्हिताः ॥ ११।४२॥
TRANSLITERATION
ye śūdrāt adhigamya artham agnihotram upāsate . ṛtvijaḥ te hi śūdrāṇām brahma-vādiṣu garhitāḥ .. 11.42..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.42. Those who, obtaining wealth from Sudras, (and using that) offer an Agnihotra, are priests officiating for Sudras, (and hence) censured among those who recite the Veda.
11.43. Treading with his foot on the heads of those fools who worship a fire (kindled at the expense) of a Sudra, the giver (of the wealth) shall always pass over his miseries (in the next world).
11.45. (All) sages prescribe a penance for a sin unintentionally committed; some declare, on the evidence of the revealed texts, (that it may be performed) even for an intentional (offence).
11.46. A sin unintentionally committed is expiated by the recitation of Vedic texts, but that which (men) in their folly commit intentionally, by various (special) penances.
प्रायश्चित्तीयतां प्राप्य दैवात्पूर्वकृतेन वा । न संसर्गं व्रजेत्सद्भिः प्रायश्चित्तेऽकृते द्विजः ॥ ११.४७॥
PADACHEDA
प्रायश्चित्तीयताम् प्राप्य दैवात् पूर्व-कृतेन वा । न संसर्गम् व्रजेत् सद्भिः प्रायश्चित्ते अ कृते द्विजः ॥ ११।४७॥
TRANSLITERATION
prāyaścittīyatām prāpya daivāt pūrva-kṛtena vā . na saṃsargam vrajet sadbhiḥ prāyaścitte a kṛte dvijaḥ .. 11.47..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.47. A twice-born man, having become liable to perform a penance, be it by (the decree of) fate or by (an act) committed in a former life, must not, before the penance has been performed, have intercourse with virtuous men.
इह दुश्चरितैः के चित् के चित् पूर्व-कृतैः तथा । प्राप्नुवन्ति दुरात्मानः नराः रूप-विपर्ययम् ॥ ११।४८॥
TRANSLITERATION
iha duścaritaiḥ ke cit ke cit pūrva-kṛtaiḥ tathā . prāpnuvanti durātmānaḥ narāḥ rūpa-viparyayam .. 11.48..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.48. Some wicked men suffer a change of their (natural) appearance in consequence of crimes committed in this life, and some in consequence of those committed in a former (existence).
11.49. He who steals the gold (of a Brahmana) has diseased nails; a drinker of (the spirituous liquor called) Sura, black teeth; the slayer of a Brahmana, consumption; the violator of a Guru’s bed, a diseased skin;
11.50. An informer, a foul-smelling nose; a calumniator, a stinking breath; a stealer of grain, deficiency in limbs; he who adulterates (grain), redundant limbs;
11.51. A stealer of (cooked) food, dyspepsia; a stealer of the words (of the Veda), dumbness a stealer of clothes, white leprosy; a horse-stealer, lameness.
11.52. Thus in consequence of a remnant of (the guilt of former) crimes, are born idiots, dumb, blind, deaf, and deformed men, who are (all) despised by the virtuous.
caritavyam atas nityam prāyaścittam viśuddhaye . nindyaiḥ hi lakṣaṇaiḥ yuktāḥ jāyante aniṣkṛta-enasaḥ .. 11.53..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.53. Penances, therefore, must always be performed for the sake of purification, because those whose sins have not been expiated, are born (again) with disgraceful marks.
brahmahatyā surā-pānam steyam guru-aṅganā-āgamaḥ . mahānti pātakāni āhuḥ saṃsargaḥ ca api taiḥ saha .. 11.54..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.54. Killing a Brahmana, drinking (the spirituous liquor called) Sura, stealing (the gold of a Brahmana), adultery with a Guru’s wife, and associating with such (offenders), they declare (to be) mortal sins (mahapataka).
अनृतं च समुत्कर्षे राजगामि च पैशुनम् । गुरोश्चालीकनिर्बन्धः समानि ब्रह्महत्यया ॥ ११.५५॥
PADACHEDA
अनृतम् च समुत्कर्षे राज-गामि च पैशुनम् । गुरोः च अलीक-निर्बन्धः समानि ब्रह्महत्यया ॥ ११।५५॥
TRANSLITERATION
anṛtam ca samutkarṣe rāja-gāmi ca paiśunam . guroḥ ca alīka-nirbandhaḥ samāni brahmahatyayā .. 11.55..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.55. Falsely attributing to oneself high birth, giving information to the king (regarding a crime), and falsely accusing one’s teacher, (are offences) equal to slaying a Brahmana.
11.56. Forgetting the Veda, reviling the Vedas, giving false evidence, slaying a friend, eating forbidden food, or (swallowing substances) unfit for food, are six (offences) equal to drinking Sura.
रेतःसेकः स्वयोनीषु कुमारीष्वन्त्यजासु च । सख्युः पुत्रस्य च स्त्रीषु गुरुतल्पसमं विदुः ॥ ११.५८॥
PADACHEDA
रेतः-सेकः स्व-योनीषु कुमारीषु अन्त्यजासु च । सख्युः पुत्रस्य च स्त्रीषु गुरुतल्प-समम् विदुः ॥ ११।५८॥
TRANSLITERATION
retaḥ-sekaḥ sva-yonīṣu kumārīṣu antyajāsu ca . sakhyuḥ putrasya ca strīṣu gurutalpa-samam viduḥ .. 11.58..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.58. Carnal intercourse with sisters by the same mother, with (unmarried) maidens, with females of the lowest castes, with the wives of a friend, or of a son, they declare to be equal to the violation of a Guru’s bed.
गोवधोऽयाज्यसंयाज्यं पारदार्यात्मविक्रयः । गुरुमातृपितृत्यागः स्वाध्यायाग्न्योः सुतस्य च ॥ ११.५९॥
PADACHEDA
गो-वधः अयाज्य-संयाज्यम् पारदारि-आत्म-विक्रयः । गुरु-मातृ-पितृ-त्यागः स्वाध्याय-अग्न्योः सुतस्य च ॥ ११।५९॥
TRANSLITERATION
go-vadhaḥ ayājya-saṃyājyam pāradāri-ātma-vikrayaḥ . guru-mātṛ-pitṛ-tyāgaḥ svādhyāya-agnyoḥ sutasya ca .. 11.59..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.59. Slaying kine, sacrificing for those who are unworthy to sacrifice, adultery, selling oneself, casting off one’s teacher, mother, father, or son, giving up the (daily) study of the Veda, and neglecting the (sacred domestic) fire
व्रात्यता बान्धवत्यागो भृत्याध्यापनमेव च । भृताच्चाध्ययनादानम्पण्यानां च विक्रयः ॥ ११.६२॥
PADACHEDA
व्रात्य-ता बान्धव-त्यागः भृत्य-अध्यापनम् एव च । भृतात् च अध्ययन-आदानम् पण्यानाम् च विक्रयः ॥ ११।६२॥
TRANSLITERATION
vrātya-tā bāndhava-tyāgaḥ bhṛtya-adhyāpanam eva ca . bhṛtāt ca adhyayana-ādānam paṇyānām ca vikrayaḥ .. 11.62..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.62. Living as a Vratya, casting off a relative, teaching (the Veda) for wages, learning (the Veda) from a paid teacher, and selling goods which one ought not to sell,
11.63. Superintending mines (or factories) of any sort, executing great mechanical works, injuring (living) plants, subsisting on (the earnings of) one’s wife, sorcery (by means of sacrifices), and working (magic by means of) roots, (and so forth),
11.65. Neglecting to kindle the sacred fires, theft, non-payment of (the three) debts, studying bad books, and practising (the arts of) dancing and singing,
धान्य-कुप्य-पशु-स्तेयम् मद्यप-स्त्री-निषेवणम् । स्त्री-शूद्र-विश्-क्षत्र-वधः नास्तिक्यम् च उपपातकम् ॥ ११।६६॥
TRANSLITERATION
dhānya-kupya-paśu-steyam madyapa-strī-niṣevaṇam . strī-śūdra-viś-kṣatra-vadhaḥ nāstikyam ca upapātakam .. 11.66..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.66. Stealing grain, base metals, or cattle, intercourse with women who drink spirituous liquor, slaying women, Sudras, Vaisyas, or Kshatriyas, and atheism, (are all) minor offences, causing loss of caste (Upapataka).
11.67. Giving pain to a Brahmana (by a blow), smelling at things which ought not to be smelt at, or at spirituous liquor, cheating, and an unnatural offence with a man, are declared to cause the loss of caste (Gatibhramsa)
खराश्वोष्ट्रमृगैभानामजाविकवधस्तथा । सङ्करीकरणं ज्ञेयं मीनाहिमहिषस्य च ॥ ११.६८॥
PADACHEDA
खर-अश्व-उष्ट्र-मृग-एभानाम् अजाविक-वधः तथा । सङ्करीकरणम् ज्ञेयम् मीन-अहि-महिषस्य च ॥ ११।६८॥
TRANSLITERATION
khara-aśva-uṣṭra-mṛga-ebhānām ajāvika-vadhaḥ tathā . saṅkarīkaraṇam jñeyam mīna-ahi-mahiṣasya ca .. 11.68..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.68. Killing a donkey, a horse, a camel, a deer, an elephant, a goat, a sheep, a fish, a snake, or a buffalo, must be known to degrade (the offender) to a mixed caste (Samkarikarana).
कृमिकीटवयोहत्या मद्यानुगतभोजनम् । फलेधः। कुसुमस्तेयमधैर्यं च मलावहम् ॥ ११.७०॥
PADACHEDA
कृमि-कीट-वयः-हत्या मद्य-अनुगत-भोजनम् । फलेधः। कुसुम-स्तेयम् अधैर्यम् च मल-आवहम् ॥ ११।७०॥
TRANSLITERATION
kṛmi-kīṭa-vayaḥ-hatyā madya-anugata-bhojanam . phaledhaḥ. kusuma-steyam adhairyam ca mala-āvaham .. 11.70..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.70. Killing insects, small or large, or birds, eating anything kept close to spirituous liquors, stealing fruit, firewood, or flowers, (are offences) which make impure (Malavaha).
11.72. For his purification the slayer of a Brahmana shall make a hut in the forest and dwell (in it) during twelve years, subsisting on alms and making the skull of a dead man his flag.
लक्ष्यं शस्त्रभृतां वा स्याद्विदुषामिच्छयाऽत्मनः । प्रास्येदात्मानमग्नौ वा समिद्धे त्रिरवाक्षिराः ॥ ११.७३॥
PADACHEDA
लक्ष्यम् शस्त्रभृताम् वा स्यात् विदुषाम् इच्छया आ त्मनः । प्रास्येत् आत्मानम् अग्नौ वा समिद्धे त्रिस् अव अक्षिराः ॥ ११।७३॥
TRANSLITERATION
lakṣyam śastrabhṛtām vā syāt viduṣām icchayā ā tmanaḥ . prāsyet ātmānam agnau vā samiddhe tris ava akṣirāḥ .. 11.73..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.73. Or let him, of his own free will, become (in a battle) the target of archers who know (his purpose); or he may thrice throw himself headlong into a blazing fire;
11.75. Or, in order to remove (the guilt of) slaying a Brahmana, he may walk one hundred yoganas, reciting one of the Vedas, eating little, and controlling his organs;
सर्वस्वं वेदविदुषे ब्राह्मणायोपपादयेत् । धनं हि जीवनायालं गृहं वा सपरिच्छदम् ॥ ११.७६॥
PADACHEDA
सर्व-स्वम् वेद-विदुषे ब्राह्मणाय उपपादयेत् । धनम् हि जीवनाय अलम् गृहम् वा स परिच्छदम् ॥ ११।७६॥
TRANSLITERATION
sarva-svam veda-viduṣe brāhmaṇāya upapādayet . dhanam hi jīvanāya alam gṛham vā sa paricchadam .. 11.76..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.76. Or he may present to a Brahmana, learned in the Vedas, whole property, as much wealth as suffices for the maintenance (of the recipient), or a house together with the furniture;
हविष्य-भुज् वा अनुसरेत् प्रतिस्रोतस् सरस्वतीम् । जपेत् वा नियत-आहारः त्रिस् वै वेदस्य संहिताम् ॥ ११।७७॥
TRANSLITERATION
haviṣya-bhuj vā anusaret pratisrotas sarasvatīm . japet vā niyata-āhāraḥ tris vai vedasya saṃhitām .. 11.77..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.77. Or, subsisting on sacrificial food, he may walk against the stream along (the whole course of the river) Sarasvati; or, restricting his food (very much), he may mutter thrice the Samhita of a Veda.
11.78. Having shaved off (all his hair), he may dwell at the extremity of the village, or in a cow-pen, or in a hermitage, or at the root of a tree, taking pleasure in doing good to cows and Brahmanas.
11.79. He who unhesitatingly abandons life for the sake of Brahmanas or of cows, is freed from (the guilt of) the murder of a Brahmana, and (so is he) who saves (the life of) a cow, or of a Brahmana.
11.80. If either he fights at least three times (against robbers in defence of) a Brahmana’s (property), or reconquers the whole property of a Brahmana, or if he loses his life for such a cause, he is freed (from his guilt).
11.81. He who thus (remains) always firm in his vow, chaste, and of concentrated mind, removes after the lapse of twelve years (the guilt of) slaying a Brahmana.
11.82. Or he who, after confessing his crime in an assembly of the gods of the earth (Brahnanas), and the gods of men (Kshatriyas), bathes (with the priests) at the close of a horse-sacrifice, is (also) freed (from guilt).
11.83. The Brahmana is declared (to be) the root of the sacred law and the Kshatriya its top; hence he who has confessed his sin before an assembly of such men, becomes pure.
ब्रह्मणः सम्भवेन एव देवानाम् अपि दैवतम् । प्रमाणम् च एव लोकस्य ब्रह्मा अत्र एव हि कारणम् ॥ ११।८४॥
TRANSLITERATION
brahmaṇaḥ sambhavena eva devānām api daivatam . pramāṇam ca eva lokasya brahmā atra eva hi kāraṇam .. 11.84..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.84. By his origin alone a Brahmana is a deity even for the gods, and (his teaching is) authoritative for men, because the Veda is the foundation for that.
teṣām veda-vidaḥ brūyuḥ trayaḥ api enaḥ suniṣkṛtim . sā teṣām pāvanāya syāt pavitram viduṣām hi vāc .. 11.85..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.85. (If) only three of them who are learned in the Veda proclaim the expiation for offences, that shall purify the (sinners); for the words of learned men are a means of purification.
11.86. A Brahmana who, with a concentrated mind, follows any of the (above-mentioned) rules, removes the sin committed by slaying a Brahmana through his self-control.
हत्वा गर्भम् अ विज्ञातम् एतत् एव व्रतम् चरेत् । राजन्य-वैश्यौ च एजानौ आत्रेयीम् एव च स्त्रियम् ॥ ११।८७॥
TRANSLITERATION
hatvā garbham a vijñātam etat eva vratam caret . rājanya-vaiśyau ca ejānau ātreyīm eva ca striyam .. 11.87..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.87. For destroying the embryo (of a Brahmana, the sex of which was) unknown, for slaying a Kshatriya or a Vaisya who are (engaged in or) have offered a (Vedic) sacrifice, or a (Brahmana) woman who has bathed after temporary uncleanness (Atreyi), he must perform the same penance,
उक्त्वा चैवानृतं साक्ष्ये प्रतिरुध्य गुरुं तथा । प्रतिरभ्य अपहृत्य च निक्षेपं कृत्वा च स्त्रीसुहृत्वधम् ॥ ११.८८॥
PADACHEDA
उक्त्वा च एव अनृतम् साक्ष्ये प्रतिरुध्य गुरुम् तथा । प्रतिरभ्य अपहृत्य च निक्षेपम् कृत्वा च स्त्री-सुहृद्-वधम् ॥ ११।८८॥
TRANSLITERATION
uktvā ca eva anṛtam sākṣye pratirudhya gurum tathā . pratirabhya apahṛtya ca nikṣepam kṛtvā ca strī-suhṛd-vadham .. 11.88..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.88. Likewise for giving false evidence (in an important cause), for passionately abusing the teacher, for stealing a deposit, and for killing (his) wife or his friend:
11.90. A twice-born man who has (intentionally) drunk, through delusion of mind, (the spirituous liquor called) Sura shall drink that liquor boiling-hot; when his body has been completely scalded by that, he is freed from his guilt;
11.92. Or, in order to remove (the guilt of) drinking Sura, he may eat during a year once (a day) at night grains (of rice) or oilcake, wearing clothes made of cowhair and his own hair in braids and carrying (a wine cup as) a flag.
सुरा वै मलमन्नानां पाप्मा च मलमुच्यते । तस्माद्ब्राह्मणराजन्यौ वैश्यश्च न सुरां पिबेत् ॥ ११.९३॥
PADACHEDA
सुरा वै मलम् अन्नानाम् पाप्मा च मलम् उच्यते । तस्मात् ब्राह्मण-राजन्यौ वैश्यः च न सुराम् पिबेत् ॥ ११।९३॥
TRANSLITERATION
surā vai malam annānām pāpmā ca malam ucyate . tasmāt brāhmaṇa-rājanyau vaiśyaḥ ca na surām pibet .. 11.93..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.93. Sura, indeed, is the dirty refuse (mala) of grain, sin also is called dirt (mala); hence a Brahmana, a Kshatriya, and a Vaisya shall not drink Sura.
गौडी पैष्टी च माध्वी च विज्ञेया त्रिविधा सुरा । यथैवैका तथा सर्वा न पातव्या द्विजोत्तमैः ॥ ११.९४॥
PADACHEDA
गौडी पैष्टी च माध्वी च विज्ञेया त्रिविधा सुरा । यथा एव एका तथा सर्वा न पातव्या द्विजोत्तमैः ॥ ११।९४॥
TRANSLITERATION
gauḍī paiṣṭī ca mādhvī ca vijñeyā trividhā surā . yathā eva ekā tathā sarvā na pātavyā dvijottamaiḥ .. 11.94..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.94. Sura one must know to be of three kinds, that distilled from molasses (gaudi), that distilled from ground rice, and that distilled from Madhuka-flowers (madhvi); as the one (named above) even so are all (three sorts) forbidden to the chief of the twice-born.
yakṣa-rakṣaḥ. piśāca-annam madyam māṃsam surā-āsavam . tat brāhmaṇena na attavyam devānām aśnatā haviḥ .. 11.95..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.95. Sura, (all other) intoxicating drinks and decoctions and flesh are the food of the Yakshas, Rakshasas, and Pisakas; a Brahmana who eats (the remnants of) the offerings consecrated to the gods, must not partake of such (substances).
11.96. A Brahmana, stupefied by drunkenness, might fall on something impure, or (improperly) pronounce Vedic (texts), or commit some other act which ought not to be committed.
यस्य कायगतं ब्रह्म मद्येनाप्लाव्यते सकृत् । तस्य व्यपैति ब्राह्मण्यं शूद्रत्वं च स गच्छति ॥ ११.९७॥
PADACHEDA
यस्य काय-गतम् ब्रह्म मद्येन आप्लाव्यते सकृत् । तस्य व्यपैति ब्राह्मण्यम् शूद्र-त्वम् च स गच्छति ॥ ११।९७॥
TRANSLITERATION
yasya kāya-gatam brahma madyena āplāvyate sakṛt . tasya vyapaiti brāhmaṇyam śūdra-tvam ca sa gacchati .. 11.97..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.97. When the Brahman (the Veda) which dwells in his body is (even) once (only) deluged with spirituous liquor, his Brahmanhood forsakes him and he becomes a Sudra.
11.98. The various expiations for drinking (the spirituous liquors called) Sura have thus been explained; I will 'next proclaim the atonement for stealing the gold (of a Brahmana).
gṛhītvā musalam rājā sakṛt hanyāt tu tam svayam . vadhena śudhyati stenaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ tapasā eva tu .. 11.100..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.100. Taking (from him) the club (which he must carry), the king himself shall strike him once, by his death the thief becomes pure; or a Brahmana (may purify himself) by austerities.
tapasā apanunutsuḥ tu suvarṇa-steya-jam malam . cīra-vāsāḥ dvijaḥ araṇye caret brahma-hanaḥ vratam .. 11.101..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.101. He who desires to remove by austerities the guilt of stealing the gold (of a Brahmana), shall perform the penance (prescribed) for the slayer of a Brahmana, (living) in a forest and dressed in (garments) made of bark.
11.102. By these penances a twice-born man may remove the guilt incurred by a theft (of gold); but he may atone for connexion with a Guru’s wife by the following penances.
11.103. He who has violated his Guru’s bed, shall, after confessing his crime, extend himself on a heated iron bed, or embrace the red-hot image (of a woman); by dying he becomes pure;
स्वयं वा शिष्णवृषणावुत्कृत्याधाय चाञ्जलौ । नैर्ऋतीं दिशमातिष्ठेदा निपातादजिह्मगः ॥ ११.१०४॥
PADACHEDA
स्वयम् वा शिष्ण-वृषणौ उत्कृत्य आधाय च अञ्जलौ । नैरृतीम् दिशम् आतिष्ठेत् आ निपातात् अ जिह्म-गः ॥ ११।१०४॥
TRANSLITERATION
svayam vā śiṣṇa-vṛṣaṇau utkṛtya ādhāya ca añjalau . nairṛtīm diśam ātiṣṭhet ā nipātāt a jihma-gaḥ .. 11.104..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.104. Or, having himself cut off his organ and his testicles and having taken them in his joined hands, he may walk straight towards the region of Nirriti (the south-west), until he falls down (dead);
11.105. Or, carrying the foot of a bedstead, dressed in (garments of) bark and allowing his beard to grow, he may, with a concentrated mind, perform during a whole year the Krikkhra (or hard, penance), revealed by Pragapati, in a lonely forest;
11.106. Or, controlling his organs, he may during three months continuously perform the lunar penance, (subsisting) on sacrificial food or barley-gruel, in order to remove (the guilt of) violating a Guru’s bed.
etaiḥ vrataiḥ apoheyuḥ mahāpātakinaḥ malam . upapātakinaḥ tu evam ebhiḥ nānāvidhaiḥ vrataiḥ .. 11.107..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.107. By means of these penances men who have committed mortal sins (Mahapataka) may remove their guilt, but those who committed minor offences, causing loss of caste, (Upapataka, can do it) by the various following penances.
11.108. He who has committed a minor offence by slaying a cow (or bull) shall drink during (the first) month (a decoction of) barley-grains; having shaved all his hair, and covering himself with the hide (of the slain cow), he must live in a cow-house.
11.109. During the two (following) months he shall eat a small (quantity of food) without any factitious salt at every fourth meal-time, and shall bathe in the urine of cows, keeping his organs under control.
11.110. During the day he shall follow the cows and, standing upright, inhale the dust (raised by their hoofs); at night, after serving and worshipping them, he shall remain in the (posture, called) virasana.
11.112. (When a cow is) sick, or is threatened by danger from thieves, tigers, and the like, or falls, or sticks in a morass, he must relieve her by all possible means:
उष्णे वर्षति शीते वा मारुते वाति वा भृशम् । न कुर्वीतात्मनस्त्राणं गोरकृत्वा तु शक्तितः ॥ ११.११३॥
PADACHEDA
उष्णे वर्षति शीते वा मारुते वाति वा भृशम् । न कुर्वीत आत्मनः त्राणम् गोः अ कृत्वा तु शक्तितः ॥ ११।११३॥
TRANSLITERATION
uṣṇe varṣati śīte vā mārute vāti vā bhṛśam . na kurvīta ātmanaḥ trāṇam goḥ a kṛtvā tu śaktitaḥ .. 11.113..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.113. In heat, in rain, or in cold, or when the wind blows violently, he must not seek to shelter himself, without (first) sheltering the cows according to his ability.
आत्मनो यदि वाऽन्येषां गृहे क्षेत्रेऽथ वा खले । भक्षयन्तीं न कथयेत्पिबन्तं चैव वत्सकम् ॥ ११.११४॥
PADACHEDA
आत्मनः यदि वा अन्येषाम् गृहे क्षेत्रे अथ वा खले । भक्षयन्तीम् न कथयेत् पिबन्तम् च एव वत्सकम् ॥ ११।११४॥
TRANSLITERATION
ātmanaḥ yadi vā anyeṣām gṛhe kṣetre atha vā khale . bhakṣayantīm na kathayet pibantam ca eva vatsakam .. 11.114..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.114. Let him not say (a word), if a cow eats (anything) in his own or another’s house or field or on the threshing-floor, or if a calf drinks (milk).
vṛṣabha-ekādaśāḥ gāḥ ca dadyāt su carita-vrataḥ . a vidyamāne sarva-svam veda-vidbhyaḥ nivedayet .. 11.116..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.116. But after he has fully performed the penance, he must give to (Brahmanas) learned in the Veda ten cows and a bull, (or) if he does not possess (so much property) he must offer to them all he has.
etat eva vratam kuryuḥ upapātakinaḥ dvijāḥ . avakīrṇi-varjam śuddhi-artham cāndrāyaṇam atha api vā .. 11.117..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.117. Twice-born men who have committed (other) minor offences (Upapataka), except a student who has broken his vow (Avakirnin), may perform, in order to purify themselves, the same penance or also a lunar penance.
11.119. Having offered according to the rule oblations in the fire, he shall finally offer (four) oblations of clarified butter to Vata, to Indra, to the teacher (of the gods, Brihaspati) and to Agni, reciting the Rik verse ’May the Maruts grant me.
11.120. Those who know the Veda declare that a voluntary effusion of semen by a twice-born (youth) who fulfils the vow (of studentship constitutes) a breach of that vow.
मारुतं पुरुहूतं च गुरुं पावकमेव च । चतुरो व्रतिनोऽभ्येति ब्राह्मं तेजोऽवकीर्णिनः ॥ ११.१२१॥
PADACHEDA
मारुतम् पुरुहूतम् च गुरुम् पावकम् एव च । चतुरः व्रतिनः अभ्येति ब्राह्मम् तेजः-अवकीर्णिनः ॥ ११।१२१॥
TRANSLITERATION
mārutam puruhūtam ca gurum pāvakam eva ca . caturaḥ vratinaḥ abhyeti brāhmam tejaḥ-avakīrṇinaḥ .. 11.121..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.121. The divine light which the Veda imparts to the student, enters, if he breaks his vow, the Maruts, Puruhuta (Indra), the teacher (of the gods, Brihaspati) and Pavaka (Fire).
11.123. Subsisting on a single (daily meal that consists) of the alms obtained there and bathing at (the time of) the three savanas (morning, noon, and evening), he becomes pure after (the lapse of) one year.
11.124. For committing with intent any of the deeds which cause loss of caste (Gatibhramsakara), (the offender) shall perform a Samtapana Krikkhra; (for doing it) unintentionally, (the Krikkhra) revealed by Pragapati.
11.125. As atonement for deeds which degrade to a mixed caste (Samkara), and for those which make a man unworthy to receive gifts (Apatra), (he shall perform) the lunar (penance) during a month; for (acts) which render impure (Malinikaraniya) he shall scald himself during three days with (hot) barley-gruel.
11.126. One fourth (of the penance) for the murder of a Brahmana is prescribed (as expiation) for (intentionally) killing a Kshatriya, one-eighth for killing a Vaisya; know that it is one-sixteenth for killing a virtuous Sudra.
11.128. Or he may perform the penance prescribed for the murderer of a Brahmana during three years, controlling himself, wearing his hair in braids, staying far away from the village, and dwelling at the root of a tree.
मार्जार-नकुलौ हत्वा चाषम् मण्डूकम् एव च । श्व-गोधा-औलूक-काकान् च शूद्र-हत्या-व्रतम् चरेत् ॥ ११।१३१॥
TRANSLITERATION
mārjāra-nakulau hatvā cāṣam maṇḍūkam eva ca . śva-godhā-aulūka-kākān ca śūdra-hatyā-vratam caret .. 11.131..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.131. Having killed a cat, an ichneumon, a blue jay, a frog, a dog, an iguana, an owl, or a crow, he shall perform the penance for the murder of a Sudra;
ghṛta-kumbham varāhe tu tila-droṇam tu tittirau . śuke dvi-hāyanam vatsam krauñcam hatvā tri-hāyanam .. 11.134..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.134. For a boar a pot of clarified butter, for a partridge a drona of sesamum-grains, for a parrot a calf two years old, for a crane (a calf) three years old.
11.136. For killing a horse, he shall give a garment, for (killing) an elephant, five black bulls, for (killing) a goat, or a sheep, a draught-ox, for killing a donkey, (a calf) one year old;
kravyādān tu mṛgān hatvā dhenum dadyāt payasvinīm . akravyādān vatsatarīm uṣṭram hatvā tu kṛṣṇalam .. 11.137..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.137. But for killing carnivorous wild beasts, he shall give a milch-cow, for (killing) wild beasts that are not carnivorous, a heifer, for killing a camel, one krishnala.
11.138. For killing adulterous women of the four castes, he must give, in order to purify himself, respectively a leathern bag, a bow, a goat, or a sheep.
11.139. A twice-born man, who is unable to atone by gifts for the slaughter of a serpent and the other (creatures mentioned), shall perform for each of them, a Krikkhra (penance) in order to remove his guilt.
asthimatām tu sattvānām sahasrasya pramāpaṇe . pūrṇe tu śūdra-hatyā-vratam caret .. 11.140..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.140. But for destroying one thousand (small) animals that have bones, or a whole cart-load of boneless (animals), he shall perform the penance (prescribed) for the murder of a Sudra.
kim cit eva tu viprāya dadyāt asthimatām vadhe . anasthnām ca eva hiṃsāyām prāṇāyāmena śudhyati .. 11.141..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.141. But for killing (small) animals which have bones, he should give some trifle to a Brahmana; if he injures boneless (animals), he becomes pure by a suppressing his breath (pranayama).
11.144. If a man destroys for no good purpose plants produced by cultivation, or such as spontaneously spring up in the forest, he shall attend a cow during one day, subsisting on milk alone.
11.145. The guilt incurred intentionally or unintentionally by injuring (created beings) can be removed by means of these penances; hear (now, how) all (sins) committed by partaking of forbidden food (or drink, can be expiated).
11.146. He who drinks unintentionally (the spirituous liquor, called) Varuni, becomes pure by being initiated (again); (even for drinking it) intentionally (a penance) destructive to life must not be imposed; that is a settled rule.
11.147. He who has drunk water which has stood in a vessel used for keeping (the spirituous liquor, called) Sura, or other intoxicating drinks, shall drink during five (days and) nights (nothing but) milk in which the Sankhapushpi (plant) has been boiled.
स्पृष्ट्वा दत्त्वा च मदिरां विधिवत्प्रतिगृह्य च । शूद्रोच्छिष्टाश्च पीत्वाऽपः कुशवारि पिबेत्त्र्यहम् ॥ ११.१४८॥
PADACHEDA
स्पृष्ट्वा दत्त्वा च मदिराम् विधिवत् प्रतिगृह्य च । शूद्र-उच्छिष्टाः च पीत्वा अपः कुशवारि पिबेत् त्रि-अहम् ॥ ११।१४८॥
TRANSLITERATION
spṛṣṭvā dattvā ca madirām vidhivat pratigṛhya ca . śūdra-ucchiṣṭāḥ ca pītvā apaḥ kuśavāri pibet tri-aham .. 11.148..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.148. He who has touched spirituous liquor, has given it away, or received it in accordance with the rule, or has drunk water left by a Sudra, shall drink during three days water in which Kusa-grass has been boiled.
brāhmaṇaḥ tu surā-pasya gandham āghrāya somapaḥ . prāṇān apsu tris āyamya ghṛtam prāśya viśudhyati .. 11.149..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.149. But when a Brahmana who has partaken of Soma-juice, has smelt the odour exhaled by a drinker of Sura, he becomes pure by thrice suppressing his breath in water, and eating clarified butter.
ajñānāt prāśya viṣ-mūtram surā-saṃspṛṣṭam eva ca . punar saṃskāram arhanti trayaḥ varṇāḥ dvijātayaḥ .. 11.150..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.150. (Men of) the three twice-born castes who have unintentionally swallowed ordure or urine, or anything that has touched Sura, must be initiated again.
11.151. The tonsure, (wearing) the sacred girdle, (carrying) a staff, going to beg, and the vows (incumbent on a student), are omitted on the second initiation of twice-born men.
अभोज्यानां तु भुक्त्वाऽन्नं स्त्रीशूद्रोच्छिष्टमेव च । जग्ध्वा मांसमभक्ष्यं च सप्तरात्रं यवान् पिबेत् ॥ ११.१५२॥
PADACHEDA
अभोज्यानाम् तु भुक्त्वा अन्नम् स्त्री-शूद्र-उच्छिष्टम् एव च । जग्ध्वा मांसम् अभक्ष्यम् च सप्त-रात्रम् यवान् पिबेत् ॥ ११।१५२॥
TRANSLITERATION
abhojyānām tu bhuktvā annam strī-śūdra-ucchiṣṭam eva ca . jagdhvā māṃsam abhakṣyam ca sapta-rātram yavān pibet .. 11.152..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.152. But he who has eaten the food of men, whose food must not be eaten, or the leavings of women and Sudras, or forbidden flesh, shall drink barley (-gruel) during seven (days and) nights.
शुक्तानि च कषायान् च पीत्वा मेध्यानि अपि द्विजः । तावत् भवति अप्रयतः यावत् तत् न व्रजति अधस् ॥ ११।१५३॥
TRANSLITERATION
śuktāni ca kaṣāyān ca pītvā medhyāni api dvijaḥ . tāvat bhavati aprayataḥ yāvat tat na vrajati adhas .. 11.153..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.153. A twice-born man who has drunk (fluids that have turned) sour, or astringent decoctions, becomes, though (these substances may) not (be specially) forbidden, impure until they have been digested.
11.154. A twice-born man, who has swallowed the urine or ordure of a village pig, of a donkey, of a camel, of a jackal, of a monkey, or of a crow, shall perform a lunar penance.
शुष्काणि भुक्त्वा मांसानि भौमानि कवकानि च । अज्ञातम् च एव सूना-स्थम् एतत् एव व्रतम् चरेत् ॥ ११।१५५॥
TRANSLITERATION
śuṣkāṇi bhuktvā māṃsāni bhaumāni kavakāni ca . ajñātam ca eva sūnā-stham etat eva vratam caret .. 11.155..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.155. He who has eaten dried meat, mushrooms growing on the ground, or (meat, the nature of) which is unknown, (or) such as had been kept in a slaughter-house, shall perform the same penance.
क्रव्यादसूकरोष्ट्राणां कुक्कुटानां च भक्षणे । नरकाकखराणां च तप्तकृच्छ्रं विशोधनम् ॥ ११.१५६॥
PADACHEDA
क्रव्याद-सूकर-उष्ट्राणाम् कुक्कुटानाम् च भक्षणे । नरकाक-खराणाम् च तप्तकृच्छ्रम् विशोधनम् ॥ ११।१५६॥
TRANSLITERATION
kravyāda-sūkara-uṣṭrāṇām kukkuṭānām ca bhakṣaṇe . narakāka-kharāṇām ca taptakṛcchram viśodhanam .. 11.156..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.156. The atonement for partaking of (the meat of) carnivorous animals, of pigs, of camels, of cocks, of crows, of donkeys, and of human flesh, is a Tapta Krikkhra (penance).
मासिकान्नम् तु यः अश्नीयात् असमावर्तकः द्विजः । स त्रीणि अहानि उपवसेत् एक-अहम् च उदके वसेत् ॥ ११।१५७॥
TRANSLITERATION
māsikānnam tu yaḥ aśnīyāt asamāvartakaḥ dvijaḥ . sa trīṇi ahāni upavaset eka-aham ca udake vaset .. 11.157..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.157. If a twice-born man, who has not returned (home from his teacher’s house), eats food, given at a monthly (Sraddha,) he shall fast during three days and pass one day (standing) in water.
vrata-cārī tu yaḥ aśnīyāt madhu māṃsam katham cana . sa kṛtvā prākṛtam kṛcchram vrata-śeṣam samāpayet .. 11.158..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.158. But a student who on any occasion eats honey or meat, shall perform an ordinary Krikkhra (penance), and afterwards complete his vow (of studentship).
बिडालकाकाखूच्छिष्टं जग्ध्वा श्वनकुलस्य च । केशकीटावपन्नं च पिबेद्ब्रह्मसुवर्चलाम् ॥ ११.१५९॥
PADACHEDA
बिडाल-काक-आखु-उच्छिष्टम् जग्ध्वा श्व-नकुलस्य च । केश-कीट-अवपन्नम् च पिबेत् ब्रह्मसुवर्चलाम् ॥ ११।१५९॥
TRANSLITERATION
biḍāla-kāka-ākhu-ucchiṣṭam jagdhvā śva-nakulasya ca . keśa-kīṭa-avapannam ca pibet brahmasuvarcalām .. 11.159..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.159. He who eats what is left by a cat, by a crow, by a mouse (or rat), by a dog, or by an ichneumon, or (food) into which a hair or an insect has fallen, shall drink (a decoction of) the Brahmasuvarkala (plant).
अभोज्यम् अन्नम् न अत्तव्यम् आत्मनः शुद्धिम् इच्छता । अज्ञान-भुक्तम् तु उत्तार्यम् शोध्यम् वा अपि आशु शोधनैः ॥ ११।१६०॥
TRANSLITERATION
abhojyam annam na attavyam ātmanaḥ śuddhim icchatā . ajñāna-bhuktam tu uttāryam śodhyam vā api āśu śodhanaiḥ .. 11.160..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.160. He who desires to be pure, must not eat forbidden food, and must vomit up such as he has eaten unintentionally, or quickly atone for it by (various) means of purification.
11.161. The various rules respecting penances for eating forbidden food have been thus declared; hear now the law of those penances which remove the guilt of theft.
11.162. The chief of the twice-born, having voluntarily stolen (valuable) property, grain, or cooked food, from the house of a caste-fellow, is purified by performing Krikkhra (penances) during a whole year.
मनुष्याणां तु हरणे स्त्रीणां क्षेत्रगृहस्य च । कूपवापीजलानां च शुद्धिश्चान्द्रायणं स्मृतम् ॥ ११.१६३॥
PADACHEDA
मनुष्याणाम् तु हरणे स्त्रीणाम् क्षेत्रगृहस्य च । कूप-वापी-जलानाम् च शुद्धिः चान्द्रायणम् स्मृतम् ॥ ११।१६३॥
TRANSLITERATION
manuṣyāṇām tu haraṇe strīṇām kṣetragṛhasya ca . kūpa-vāpī-jalānām ca śuddhiḥ cāndrāyaṇam smṛtam .. 11.163..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.163. The lunar penance has been declared to be the expiation for stealing men and women, and (for wrongfully appropriating) a field, a house, or the water of wells and cisterns.
11.164. He who has stolen objects of small value from the house of another man, shall, after restoring the (stolen article), perform a Samtapana Krikkhra for his purification.
भक्ष्यभोज्यापहरणे यानशय्याऽऽसनस्य च । पुष्पमूलफलानां च पञ्चगव्यं विशोधनम् ॥ ११.१६५॥
PADACHEDA
भक्ष्य-भोज्य-अपहरणे यान-शय्या-आसनस्य च । पुष्प-मूल-फलानाम् च पञ्चगव्यम् विशोधनम् ॥ ११।१६५॥
TRANSLITERATION
bhakṣya-bhojya-apaharaṇe yāna-śayyā-āsanasya ca . puṣpa-mūla-phalānām ca pañcagavyam viśodhanam .. 11.165..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.165. (To swallow) the five products of the cow (pankagavya) is the atonement for stealing eatables of various kinds, a vehicle, a bed, a seat, flowers, roots, or fruit.
कार्पासकीटजोर्णानां द्वेशफेकखुरस्य च। पक्षिगन्धौषधीनां च रज्ज्वाश्चैव त्र्यहं पयः ॥ ११.१६८॥
PADACHEDA
कार्पास-कीटज-ऊर्णानाम् द्वेश-फेक-खुरस्य च। पक्षि-गन्ध-ओषधीनाम् च रज्ज्वाः च एव त्रि-अहम् पयः ॥ ११।१६८॥
TRANSLITERATION
kārpāsa-kīṭaja-ūrṇānām dveśa-pheka-khurasya ca. pakṣi-gandha-oṣadhīnām ca rajjvāḥ ca eva tri-aham payaḥ .. 11.168..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.168. (For stealing) cotton, silk, wool, an animal with cloven hoofs, or one with uncloven hoofs, a bird, perfumes, medicinal herbs, or a rope (the penance is to subsist) during three days (on) milk.
11.169. By means of these penances, a twice-born man may remove the guilt of theft; but the guilt of approaching women who ought not to be approached (agamya), he may expiate by (the following) penances.
गुरुतल्पव्रतं कुर्याद्रेतः सिक्त्वा स्वयोनिषु । सख्युः पुत्रस्य च स्त्रीषु कुमारीष्वन्त्यजासु च ॥ ११.१७०॥
PADACHEDA
गुरुतल्प-व्रतम् कुर्यात् रेतः सिक्त्वा स्वयोनिषु । सख्युः पुत्रस्य च स्त्रीषु कुमारीषु अन्त्यजासु च ॥ ११।१७०॥
TRANSLITERATION
gurutalpa-vratam kuryāt retaḥ siktvā svayoniṣu . sakhyuḥ putrasya ca strīṣu kumārīṣu antyajāsu ca .. 11.170..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.170. He who has had sexual intercourse with sisters by the same mother, with the wives of a friend, or of a son, with unmarried maidens, and with females of the lowest castes, shall perform the penance, prescribed for the violation of a Guru’s bed.
पैतृस्वसेयीम् भगिनीम् स्वस्रीयाम् मातुः एव च । मातुः च भ्रातुः आप्तस्य गत्वा चान्द्रायणम् चरेत् ॥ ११।१७१॥
TRANSLITERATION
paitṛsvaseyīm bhaginīm svasrīyām mātuḥ eva ca . mātuḥ ca bhrātuḥ āptasya gatvā cāndrāyaṇam caret .. 11.171..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.171. He who has approached the daughter of his father’s sister, (who is almost equal to) a sister, (the daughter) of his mother’s sister, or of his mother’s full brother, shall perform a lunar penance.
एताः तिस्रः तु भार्या-अर्थे न उपयच्छेत् तु बुद्धिमान् । ज्ञाति-त्वेन अनुपेयाः ताः पतति हि उपयन् अधस् ॥ ११।१७२॥
TRANSLITERATION
etāḥ tisraḥ tu bhāryā-arthe na upayacchet tu buddhimān . jñāti-tvena anupeyāḥ tāḥ patati hi upayan adhas .. 11.172..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.172. A wise man should not take as his wife any of these three; they must not be wedded because they are (Sapinda-) relatives, he who marries (one of them), sinks low.
amānuṣīṣu puruṣaḥ udakyāyām ayoniṣu . retaḥ siktvā jale ca eva kṛcchram sāṃtapanam caret .. 11.173..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.173. A man who has committed a bestial crime, or an unnatural crime with a female, or has had intercourse in water, or with a menstruating woman, shall perform a Samtapana Krikkhra.
मैथुनम् तु समासेव्य पुंसि योषिति वा द्विजः । गोयाने अप्सु दिवा च एव स वासाः स्नानम् आचरेत् ॥ ११।१७४॥
TRANSLITERATION
maithunam tu samāsevya puṃsi yoṣiti vā dvijaḥ . goyāne apsu divā ca eva sa vāsāḥ snānam ācaret .. 11.174..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.174. A twice-born man who commits an unnatural offence with a male, or has intercourse with a female in a cart drawn by oxen, in water, or in the day-time, shall bathe, dressed in his clothes.
चण्डालान्त्यस्त्रियो गत्वा भुक्त्वा च प्रतिगृह्य च । पतत्यज्ञानतो विप्रो ज्ञानात्साम्यं तु गच्छति ॥ ११.१७५॥
PADACHEDA
चण्डाल-अन्त्य-स्त्रियः गत्वा भुक्त्वा च प्रतिगृह्य च । पतति अज्ञानतः विप्रः ज्ञानात् साम्यम् तु गच्छति ॥ ११।१७५॥
TRANSLITERATION
caṇḍāla-antya-striyaḥ gatvā bhuktvā ca pratigṛhya ca . patati ajñānataḥ vipraḥ jñānāt sāmyam tu gacchati .. 11.175..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.175. A Brahmana who unintentionally approaches a woman of the Kandala or of (any other) very low caste, who eats (the food of such persons) and accepts (presents from them) becomes an outcast; but (if he does it) intentionally, he becomes their equal.
vipraduṣṭām striyam bhartā nirundhyāt eka-veśmani . yat puṃsaḥ paradāreṣu tat ca enām cārayet vratam .. 11.176..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.176. An exceedingly corrupt wife let her husband confine to one apartment, and compel her to perform the penance which is prescribed for males in cases of adultery.
sā ced punar praduṣyet tu sadṛśena upayantritā . kṛcchram cāndrāyaṇam ca eva tat asyāḥ pāvanam smṛtam .. 11.177..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.177. If, being solicited by a man (of) equal (caste), she (afterwards) is again unfaithful, then a Krikkhra and a lunar penance are prescribed as the means of purifying her.
yat karoti eka-rātreṇa vṛṣalī-sevanāt dvijaḥ . tat bhaikṣa-bhuj japan nityam tribhiḥ varṣaiḥ vyapohati .. 11.178..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.178. The sin which a twice-born man commits by dallying one night with a Vrishali, he removes in three years, by subsisting on alms and daily muttering (sacred texts).
11.179. The atonement (to be performed) by sinners (of) four (kinds) even, has been thus declared; hear now the penances for those who have intercourse with outcasts.
saṃvatsareṇa patati patitena saha ācaran . yājana-adhyāpanāt yaunāt na tu yāna-āsana-aśanāt .. 11.180..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.180. He who associates with an outcast, himself becomes an outcast after a year, not by sacrificing for him, teaching him, or forming a matrimonial alliance with him, but by using the same carriage or seat, or by eating with him.
yaḥ yena patitena eṣām saṃsargam yāti mānavaḥ . sa tasya eva vratam kuryāt tad-saṃsarga-viśuddhaye .. 11.181..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.181. He who associates with any one of those outcasts, must perform, in order to atone for (such) intercourse, the penance prescribed for that (sinner).
11.182. The Sapindas and Samanodakas of an outcast must offer (a libation of) water (to him, as if he were dead), outside (the village), on an inauspicious day, in the evening and in the presence of the relatives, officiating priests, and teachers.
11.183. A female slave shall upset with her foot a pot filled with water, as if it were for a dead person; (his Sapindas) as well as the Samanodakas shall be impure for a day and a night;
निवर्तेरंश्च तस्मात्तु सम्भाषणसहासने । दायाद्यस्य प्रदानं च यात्रा चैव हि लौकिकी ॥ ११.१८४॥
PADACHEDA
निवर्तेरन् च तस्मात् तु सम्भाषण-सहासने । दायाद्यस्य प्रदानम् च यात्रा च एव हि लौकिकी ॥ ११।१८४॥
TRANSLITERATION
nivarteran ca tasmāt tu sambhāṣaṇa-sahāsane . dāyādyasya pradānam ca yātrā ca eva hi laukikī .. 11.184..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.184. But thenceforward it shall be forbidden to converse with him, to sit with him, to give him a share of the inheritance, and to hold with him such intercourse as is usual among men;
ज्येष्ठता च निवर्तेत ज्येष्ठावाप्यं च यद्वसु । ज्येष्ठांशं प्राप्नुयाच्चास्य यवीयान् गुणतोऽधिकः ॥ ११.१८५॥
PADACHEDA
ज्येष्ठ-ता च निवर्तेत ज्येष्ठ-अवाप्यम् च यत् वसु । ज्येष्ठ-अंशम् प्राप्नुयात् च अस्य यवीयान् गुणतः अधिकः ॥ ११।१८५॥
TRANSLITERATION
jyeṣṭha-tā ca nivarteta jyeṣṭha-avāpyam ca yat vasu . jyeṣṭha-aṃśam prāpnuyāt ca asya yavīyān guṇataḥ adhikaḥ .. 11.185..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.185. And (if he be the eldest) his right of primogeniture shall be withheld and the additional share, due to the eldest son; and his stead a younger brother, excelling in virtue, shall obtain the share of the eldest.
etam eva vidhim kuryāt yoṣitsu patitāsu api . vastra-anna-pānam deyam tu vaseyuḥ ca gṛha-antike .. 11.188..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.188. Let him follow the same rule in the case of female outcasts; but clothes, food, and drink shall be given to them, and they shall live close to the (family-) house.
बाल-घ्नान् च कृतघ्नान् च विशुद्धान् अपि धर्मतः । शरण-आगत-हन्तॄन् च स्त्री-हन्तॄन् च न संवसेत् ॥ ११।१९०॥
TRANSLITERATION
bāla-ghnān ca kṛtaghnān ca viśuddhān api dharmataḥ . śaraṇa-āgata-hantṝn ca strī-hantṝn ca na saṃvaset .. 11.190..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.190. Let him not dwell together with the murderers of children, with those who have returned evil for good, and with the slayers of suppliants for protection or of women, though they may have been purified according to the sacred law.
11.191. Those twice-born men who may not have been taught the Savitri (at the time) prescribed by the rule, he shall cause to perform three Krikkhra (penances) and afterwards initiate them in accordance with the law.
प्रायश्चित्तं चिकीर्षन्ति विकर्मस्थास्तु ये द्विजाः । ब्रह्मणा च परित्यक्तास्तेषामप्येतदादिशेत् ॥ ११.१९२॥
PADACHEDA
प्रायश्चित्तम् चिकीर्षन्ति विकर्म-स्थाः तु ये द्विजाः । ब्रह्मणा च परित्यक्ताः तेषाम् अपि एतत् आदिशेत् ॥ ११।१९२॥
TRANSLITERATION
prāyaścittam cikīrṣanti vikarma-sthāḥ tu ye dvijāḥ . brahmaṇā ca parityaktāḥ teṣām api etat ādiśet .. 11.192..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.192. Let him prescribe the same (expiation) when twice-born men, who follow forbidden occupations or have neglected (to learn) the Veda, desire to perform a penance.
yat garhitena arjayanti karmaṇā brāhmaṇāḥ dhanam . tasya utsargeṇa śudhyanti japyena tapasā eva ca .. 11.193..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.193. If Brahmanas acquire property by a reprehensible action, they become pure by relinquishing it, muttering prayers, and (performing) austerities.
11.194. By muttering with a concentrated mind the Savitri three thousand times, (dwelling) for a month in a cow-house, (and) subsisting on milk, (a man) is freed from (the guilt of) accepting presents from a wicked man.
upavāsa-kṛśam tam tu govrajāt punar āgatam . praṇatam prati pṛccheyuḥ sāmyam saumya ecchasi iti kim .. 11.195..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.195. But when he returns from the cow-house, emaciated with his fast, and reverently salutes, (the Brahmanas) shall ask him, ’Friend, dost thou desire to become our equal?’
11.196. If he answers to the Brahmanas, ’Forsooth, (I will not offend again), ’he shall scatter (some) grass for the cows; if the cows hallow that place (by eating the grass) the (Brahmana) shall re -admit him (into their community).
व्रात्यानां याजनं कृत्वा परेषामन्त्यकर्म च । अभिचारमहीनं च त्रिभिः कृच्छ्रैर्व्यपोहति ॥ ११.१९७॥
PADACHEDA
व्रात्यानाम् याजनम् कृत्वा परेषाम् अन्त्यकर्म च । अभिचारम् अहीनम् च त्रिभिः कृच्छ्रैः व्यपोहति ॥ ११।१९७॥
TRANSLITERATION
vrātyānām yājanam kṛtvā pareṣām antyakarma ca . abhicāram ahīnam ca tribhiḥ kṛcchraiḥ vyapohati .. 11.197..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.197. He who has sacrificed for Vratyas, or has performed the obsequies of strangers, or a magic sacrifice (intended to destroy life) or an Ahina sacrifice, removes (his guilt) by three Krikkhra (penances).
śaraṇa-āgatam parityajya vedam viplāvya ca dvijaḥ . saṃvatsaram yava-āhāraḥ tat pāpam apasedhati .. 11.198..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.198. A twice-born man who has cast off a suppliant for protection, or has (improperly) divulged the Veda, atones for his offence, if he subsists during a year on barley.
श्वशृगालखरैर्दष्टो ग्राम्यैः क्रव्याद्भिरेव च । नराश्वोष्ट्रवराहैश्च प्राणायामेन शुध्यति ॥ ११.१९९॥
PADACHEDA
श्व-शृगाल-खरैः दष्टः ग्राम्यैः क्रव्याद्भिः एव च । नर-अश्व-उष्ट्र-वराहैः च प्राणायामेन शुध्यति ॥ ११।१९९॥
TRANSLITERATION
śva-śṛgāla-kharaiḥ daṣṭaḥ grāmyaiḥ kravyādbhiḥ eva ca . nara-aśva-uṣṭra-varāhaiḥ ca prāṇāyāmena śudhyati .. 11.199..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.199. He who has been bitten by a dog, a jackal, or a donkey, by a tame carnivorous animal, by a man, a horse, a camel, or a (village-) pig, becomes pure by suppressing his breath (Pranayama).
षष्ठ-अन्न-कालता मासम् संहिता-जपः एव वा । होमाः च शाकलाः नित्यम् अपाङ्क्त्यानाम् विशोधनम् ॥ ११।२००॥
TRANSLITERATION
ṣaṣṭha-anna-kālatā māsam saṃhitā-japaḥ eva vā . homāḥ ca śākalāḥ nityam apāṅktyānām viśodhanam .. 11.200..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.200. To eat during a month at each sixth mealtime (only), to recite the Samhita (of a Veda), and (to perform) daily the Sakala oblations, are the means of purifying those excluded from society at repasts (Apanktya).
uṣṭra-yānam samāruhya khara-yānam tu kāmataḥ . snātvā tu vipraḥ digvāsāḥ prāṇāyāmena śudhyati .. 11.201..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.201. A Brahmana who voluntarily rode in a carriage drawn by camels or by asses, and he who bathed naked, become pure by suppressing his breath (Pranayama).
विना अद्भिः अप्सु वा अपि आर्तः शारीरम् संनिषेव्य च । स चैलः बहिस् आप्लुत्य गाम् आलभ्य विशुध्यति ॥ ११।२०२॥
TRANSLITERATION
vinā adbhiḥ apsu vā api ārtaḥ śārīram saṃniṣevya ca . sa cailaḥ bahis āplutya gām ālabhya viśudhyati .. 11.202..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.202. He who has relieved the necessities of nature, being greatly pressed, either without (using) water or in water, becomes pure by bathing outside (the village) in his clothes and by touching a cow.
huṅkāram brāhmaṇasya uktvā tvaṅkāram ca garīyasaḥ . snātvā an aśnan ahar śeṣam abhivādya prasādayet .. 11.204..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.204. He who has said ’Hum’ to a Brahmana, or has addressed one of his betters with ’Thou,’ shall bathe, fast during the remaining part of the day, and appease (the person offended) by a reverential salutation.
ताडयित्वा तृणेन अपि कण्ठे वा अ बध्य वाससा । विवादे वा विनिर्जित्य प्रणिपत्य प्रसादयेत् ॥ ११।२०५॥
TRANSLITERATION
tāḍayitvā tṛṇena api kaṇṭhe vā a badhya vāsasā . vivāde vā vinirjitya praṇipatya prasādayet .. 11.205..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.205. He who has struck (a Brahmana) even with a blade of grass, tied him by the neck with a cloth, or conquered him in an altercation, shall appease him by a prostration.
avagūrya tu abda-śatam sahasram abhihatya ca . jighāṃsayā brāhmaṇasya narakam pratipadyate .. 11.206..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.206. But he who, intending to hurt a Brahmana, has threatened (him with a stick and the like) shall remain in hell during a hundred years; he who (actually) struck him, during one thousand years.
11.207. As many particles of dust as the blood of a Brahmana causes to coagulate, for so many thousand years shall the shedder of that (blood) remain in hell.
11.208. For threatening a Brahmana, (the offender) shall perform a Krikkhra, for striking him an Atikrikkhra, for shedding his blood a Krikkhra and an Atikrikkhra.
अन् उक्त-निष्कृतीनाम् तु पापानाम् अपनुत्तये । शक्तिम् च अवेक्ष्य पापम् च प्रायश्चित्तम् प्रकल्पयेत् ॥ ११।२०९॥
TRANSLITERATION
an ukta-niṣkṛtīnām tu pāpānām apanuttaye . śaktim ca avekṣya pāpam ca prāyaścittam prakalpayet .. 11.209..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.209. For the expiation of offences for which no atonement has been prescribed, let him fix a penance after considering (the offender’s) strength and the (nature of the) offence.
त्रि-अहम् प्रातर् त्रि-अहम् सायम् त्रि-अहम् अद्यात् अ याचितम् । त्रि-अहम् परम् च न अश्नीयात् प्राजापत्यम् चरन् द्विजः ॥ ११।२११॥
TRANSLITERATION
tri-aham prātar tri-aham sāyam tri-aham adyāt a yācitam . tri-aham param ca na aśnīyāt prājāpatyam caran dvijaḥ .. 11.211..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.211. A twice-born man who performs (the Krikkhra penance), revealed by Pragapati, shall eat during three days in the morning (only), during (the next) three days in the evening (only), during the (following) three days (food given) unasked, and shall fast during another period of three days.
11.212. (Subsisting on) the urine of cows, cowdung, milk, sour milk, clarified butter, and a decoction of Kusa- grass, and fasting during one (day and) night, (that is) called a Samtapana Krikkhra.
ekaikam grāsam aśnīyāt tri-ahāṇi trīṇi pūrvavat . tri-aham ca upavaset antyamatikṛcchram caran dvijaḥ .. 11.213..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.213. A twice-born man who performs an Atikrikkhra (penance), must take his food during three periods of three days in the manner described above, (but) one mouthful only at each meal, and fast during the last three days.
11.214. A Brahmana who performs a Taptakrikkhra (penance) must drink hot water, hot milk, hot clarified butter and (inhale) hot air, each during three days, and bathe once with a concentrated mind.
11.216. If one diminishes (one’s food daily by) one mouthful during the dark (half of the month) and increases (it in the same manner) during the bright half, and bathes (daily) at the time of three libations (morning, noon, and evening), that is called a lunar penance (Kandrayana).
etam eva vidhim kṛtsnam ācaret yavamadhyame . śukla-pakṣa-ādi-niyataḥ caran cāndrāyaṇam vratam .. 11.217..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.217. Let him follow throughout the same rule at the (Kandrayana, called) yavamadhyama (shaped like a barley-corn), (but) let him (in that case) begin the lunar penance, (with a) controlled (mind), on the first day of the bright half (of the month).
11.218. He who performs the lunar penance of ascetics, shall eat (during a month) daily at midday eight mouthfuls, controlling himself and consuming sacrificial food (only).
11.219. If a Brahmana, with concentrated mind, eats (during a month daily) four mouthfuls in a morning and four after sunset, (that is) called the lunar penance of children.
11.220. He who, concentrating his mind, eats during a month in any way thrice eighty mouthfuls of sacrificial food, dwells (after death) in the world of the moon.
11.222. Burnt oblations, accompanied by (the recitation of) the Mahavyahritis, must daily be made (by the penitent) himself, and he must abstain from injuring (sentient creatures), speak the truth, and keep himself free from anger and from dishonesty.
11.224. Let him pass the time standing (during the day) and sitting (during the night), or if he is unable (to do that) let him lie on the (bare) ground; let him be chaste and observe the vows (of a student) and worship his Gurus, the gods, and Brahmanas.
सावित्रीं च जपेन्नित्यं पवित्राणि च शक्तितः । सर्वेष्वेव व्रतेष्वेवं प्रायश्चित्तार्थमादृतः ॥ ११.२२५॥
PADACHEDA
सावित्रीम् च जपेत् नित्यम् पवित्राणि च शक्तितस् । सर्वेषु एव व्रतेषु एवम् प्रायश्चित्त-अर्थम् आदृतः ॥ ११।२२५॥
TRANSLITERATION
sāvitrīm ca japet nityam pavitrāṇi ca śaktitas . sarveṣu eva vrateṣu evam prāyaścitta-artham ādṛtaḥ .. 11.225..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.225. Let him constantly mutter the Savitri and (other) purificatory texts according to his ability; (let him) carefully (act thus) on (the occasion of) all (other) vows (performed) by way of penance.
etaiḥ dvijātayaḥ śodhyāḥ vrataiḥ āviṣkṛta-enasaḥ . an āviṣkṛta-pāpān tu mantraiḥ homaiḥ ca śodhayet .. 11.226..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.226. By these expiations twice-born men must be purified whose sins are known, but let him purify those whose sins are not known by (the recitation of) sacred texts and by (the performance of) burnt oblations.
ख्यापनेनानुतापेन तपसाऽध्ययनेन च । पापकृत्मुच्यते पापात्तथा दानेन चापदि ॥ ११.२२७॥
PADACHEDA
ख्यापनेन अनुतापेन तपसा अध्ययनेन च । पाप-कृत् मुच्यते पापात् तथा दानेन च आपदि ॥ ११।२२७॥
TRANSLITERATION
khyāpanena anutāpena tapasā adhyayanena ca . pāpa-kṛt mucyate pāpāt tathā dānena ca āpadi .. 11.227..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.227. By confession, by repentance, by austerity, and by reciting (the Veda) a sinner is freed from guilt, and in case no other course is possible, by liberality.
कृत्वा पापम् हि संतप्य तस्मात् पापात् प्रमुच्यते । न एवम् कुर्याम् पुनर् इति निवृत्त्या पूयते तु सः ॥ ११।२३०॥
TRANSLITERATION
kṛtvā pāpam hi saṃtapya tasmāt pāpāt pramucyate . na evam kuryām punar iti nivṛttyā pūyate tu saḥ .. 11.230..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.230. He who has committed a sin and has repented, is freed from that sin, but he is purified only by (the resolution of) ceasing (to sin and thinking) ’I will do so no more.
11.231. Having thus considered in his mind what results will arise from his deeds after death, let him always be good in thoughts, speech, and actions.
11.232. He who, having either unintentionally or intentionally committed a reprehensible deed, desires to be freed from (the guilt on it, must not commit it a second time.
11.233. If his mind be uneasy with respect to any act, let him repeat the austerities (prescribed as a penance) for it until they fully satisfy (his conscience).
11.234. All the bliss of gods and men is declared by the sages to whom the Veda was revealed, to have austerity for its root, austerity for its middle, and austerity for its end.
11.235. (The pursuit of sacred) knowledge is the austerity of a Brahmana, protecting (the people) is the austerity of a Kshatriya, (the pursuit of) his daily business is the austerity of a Vaisya, and service the austerity of a Sudra.
11.236. The sages who control themselves and subsist on fruit, roots, and air, survey the three worlds together with their moving and immovable (creatures) through their austerities alone.
औषधान्यगदो विद्या दैवी च विविधा स्थितिः । तपसैव प्रसिध्यन्ति तपस्तेषां हि साधनम् ॥ ११.२३७॥
PADACHEDA
औषधानि अगदः विद्या दैवी च विविधा स्थितिः । तपसा एव प्रसिध्यन्ति तपः तेषाम् हि साधनम् ॥ ११।२३७॥
TRANSLITERATION
auṣadhāni agadaḥ vidyā daivī ca vividhā sthitiḥ . tapasā eva prasidhyanti tapaḥ teṣām hi sādhanam .. 11.237..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.237. Medicines, good health, learning, and the various divine stations are attained by austerities alone; for austerity is the means of gaining them.
यत् दुस्तरम् यत् दुरापम् यत् दुर्गम् यत् च दुष्करम् । सर्वम् तत् तपसा साध्यम् तपः हि दुरतिक्रमम् ॥ ११।२३८॥
TRANSLITERATION
yat dustaram yat durāpam yat durgam yat ca duṣkaram . sarvam tat tapasā sādhyam tapaḥ hi duratikramam .. 11.238..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.238. Whatever is hard to be traversed, whatever is hard to be attained, whatever is hard to be reached, whatever is hard to be performed, all (this) may be accomplished by austerities; for austerity (possesses a power) which it is difficult to surpass.
महापातकिनः च एव शेषाः च अकार्य-कारिणः । तपसा एव सुतप्तेन मुच्यन्ते किल्बिषात् ततस् ॥ ११।२३९॥
TRANSLITERATION
mahāpātakinaḥ ca eva śeṣāḥ ca akārya-kāriṇaḥ . tapasā eva sutaptena mucyante kilbiṣāt tatas .. 11.239..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.239. Both those who have committed mortal sin (Mahapataka) and all other offenders are severally freed from their guilt by means of well-performed austerities.
prajāpatiḥ idam śāstram tapasā eva asṛjat prabhuḥ . tathā eva vedān ṛṣayaḥ tapasā pratipedire .. 11.243..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.243. The lord, Pragapati, created these Institutes (of the sacred law) by his austerities alone; the sages likewise obtained (the revelation of) the Vedas through their austerities.
11.245. The daily study of the Veda, the performance of the great sacrifices according to one’s ability, (and) patience (in suffering) quickly destroy all guilt, even that caused by mortal sins.
11.246. As a fire in one moment consumes with its bright flame the fuel that has been placed on it, even so he who knows the Veda destroys all guilt by the fire of knowledge.
sa vyāhṛti-praṇavakāḥ prāṇāyāmāḥ tu ṣoḍaśa . api bhrūṇa-hanam māsāt punanti ahar-ahar kṛtāḥ .. 11.248..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.248. Sixteen suppressions of the breath (Pranayama) accompanied by (the recitation of) the Vyahritis and of the syllable Om, purify, if they are repeated daily, after a month even the murderer of a learned Brahmana.
कौत्सम् जप्त्वा अपः इति एतत् वसिष्ठम् च प्रति इति ऋचम् । माहित्रम् शुद्धवत्यः च सुरा-पः अपि विशुध्यति ॥ ११।२४९॥
TRANSLITERATION
kautsam japtvā apaḥ iti etat vasiṣṭham ca prati iti ṛcam . māhitram śuddhavatyaḥ ca surā-paḥ api viśudhyati .. 11.249..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.249. Even a drinker of (the spirituous liquor called) Sura becomes pure, if he mutters the hymn (seen) by Kutsa, ’Removing by thy splendour our guilt, O Agni, (that seen) by Vasishtha, ’With their hymns the Vasishthas woke the Dawn, the Mahitra (hymn) and (the verses called) Suddhavatis.
sakṛt japtvā asyavāmīyam śivasaṅkalpam eva ca . apahṛtya suvarṇam tu kṣaṇāt bhavati nirmalaḥ .. 11.250..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.250. Even he who has stolen gold, instantly becomes free from guilt, if he once mutters (the hymn beginning with the words) ’The middlemost brother of this beautiful, ancient Hotri-priest’ and the Sivasamkalpa.
हविष्पान्तीयमभ्यस्य न तमं ह इतीति च । जपित्वा पौरुषं सूक्तं मुच्यते गुरुतल्पगः ॥ ११.२५१॥
PADACHEDA
हविष्पान्तीयम् अभ्यस्य न तमम् ह इति इति च । जपित्वा पौरुषम् सूक्तम् मुच्यते गुरु-तल्प-गः ॥ ११।२५१॥
TRANSLITERATION
haviṣpāntīyam abhyasya na tamam ha iti iti ca . japitvā pauruṣam sūktam mucyate guru-talpa-gaḥ .. 11.251..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.251. The violator of a Guru’s bed is freed (from sin), if he repeatedly recites the Havishpantiya (hymn), (that beginning) ’Neither anxiety nor misfortune,’ (and that beginning) ’Thus, verily, thus,’ and mutters the hymn addressed to Purusha.
enasām sthūla-sūkṣmāṇām cikīrṣan apanodanam . ava iti ṛcam japet abdam yat kiñca idam iti iti vā .. 11.252..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.252. He who desires to expiate sins great or small, must mutter during a year the Rit-verse ’May we remove thy anger, O Varuna,’ &c., or ’Whatever offence here, O Varuna.
pratigṛhya a pratigrāhyam bhuktvā ca annam vigarhitam . japan taratsamandīyam pūyate mānavaḥ tri-ahāt .. 11.253..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.253. That man who, having accepted presents which ought not to be accepted, or having eaten forbidden food, mutters the Taratsamandiya (Rikas), becomes pure after three days.
somāraudram tu bahvenāḥ samām abhyasya śudhyati . sravantyām ācaran snānam aryamṇām iti ca tṛcam .. 11.254..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.254. But he who has committed many sins, becomes pure, if he recites during a month the (four verses) addressed to Soma and Rudra, and the three verses (beginning) ’Aryaman, Varuna, and Mitra,’ while he bathes in a river.
11.255. A grievous offender shall mutter the seven verses (beginning with) ’Indra,’ for half a year; but he who has committed any blamable act in water, shall subsist during a month on food obtained by begging.
मन्त्रैः शाकल-होमीयैः अब्दम् हुत्वा घृतम् द्विजः । सु गुरु अपि अपहन्ति एनः जप्त्वा वा नमः इति ऋचम् ॥ ११।२५६॥
TRANSLITERATION
mantraiḥ śākala-homīyaiḥ abdam hutvā ghṛtam dvijaḥ . su guru api apahanti enaḥ japtvā vā namaḥ iti ṛcam .. 11.256..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.256. A twice-born man removes even very great guilt by offering clarified butter with the sacred texts belonging to the Sakala-homas, or by muttering the Rik, (beginning) ’Adoration.
11.257. He who is stained by mortal sin, becomes pure, if, with a concentrated mind, he attends cows for a year, reciting the Pavamani (hymns) and subsisting on alms.
11.258. Or if, pure (in mind and in body), he thrice repeats the Samhita of the Veda in a forest, sanctified by three Paraka (penances), he is freed from all crimes causing loss of caste (pataka).
tri-aham tu upavaset yuktaḥ tris ahnaḥ abhyupayan apaḥ . mucyate pātakaiḥ sarvaiḥ tris japitvā aghamarṣaṇam .. 11.259..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.259. But if (a man) fasts during three days, bathing thrice a day, and muttering (in the water the hymn seen by) Aghamarshana, he is (likewise) freed from all sins causing loss of caste.
hatvā lokān api imān trīn aśnan api yatas tatas . ṛgvedam dhārayan vipraḥ na enaḥ prāpnoti kim cana .. 11.261..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.261. A Brahmana who retains in his memory the Rig-veda is not stained by guilt, though he may have destroyed these three worlds, though he may eat the food of anybody.
ऋक्संहितां त्रिरभ्यस्य यजुषां वा समाहितः । साम्नां वा सरहस्यानां सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते ॥ ११.२६२॥
PADACHEDA
ऋक्-संहिताम् त्रिस् अभ्यस्य यजुषाम् वा समाहितः । साम्नाम् वा स रहस्यानाम् सर्व-पापैः प्रमुच्यते ॥ ११।२६२॥
TRANSLITERATION
ṛk-saṃhitām tris abhyasya yajuṣām vā samāhitaḥ . sāmnām vā sa rahasyānām sarva-pāpaiḥ pramucyate .. 11.262..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.262. He who, with a concentrated mind, thrice recites the Riksamhita, or (that of the) Yagur-veda; or (that of the) Sama-veda together with the secret (texts, the Upanishads), is completely freed from all sins.
ऋचो यजूंषि चान्यानि सामानि विविधानि च । एष ज्ञेयस्त्रिवृद्वेदो यो वेदैनं स वेदवित् ॥ ११.२६४॥
PADACHEDA
ऋचः यजूंषि च अन्यानि सामानि विविधानि च । एष ज्ञेयः त्रिवृत् वेदः यः वेद एनम् स वेद-विद् ॥ ११।२६४॥
TRANSLITERATION
ṛcaḥ yajūṃṣi ca anyāni sāmāni vividhāni ca . eṣa jñeyaḥ trivṛt vedaḥ yaḥ veda enam sa veda-vid .. 11.264..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.264. The Rikas, the Yagus which differ (from the former), the manifold Saman (-songs), must be known (to form) the triple Veda; he who knows them, (is called) learned in the Veda.
आद्यं यत्त्र्यक्षरं ब्रह्म त्रयी यस्मिन् प्रतिष्ठिता । स गुह्योऽन्यस्त्रिवृद्वेदो यस्तं वेद स वेदवित् ॥ ११.२६५॥
PADACHEDA
आद्यम् यत् त्रि-अक्षरम् ब्रह्म त्रयी यस्मिन् प्रतिष्ठिता । स गुह्यः अन्यः त्रिवृत् वेदः यः तम् वेद स वेद-विद् ॥ ११।२६५॥
TRANSLITERATION
ādyam yat tri-akṣaram brahma trayī yasmin pratiṣṭhitā . sa guhyaḥ anyaḥ trivṛt vedaḥ yaḥ tam veda sa veda-vid .. 11.265..
ENGLISH MEANING
11.265. The initial triliteral Brahman on which the threefold (sacred science) is based, is another triple Veda which must be kept secret; he who knows that, (is called) learned in the Veda.
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