arājake hi loke asmin sarvatas vidrutaḥ bhayāt . rakṣā-artham asya sarvasya rājānam asṛjat prabhuḥ .. 7.3..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.3. For, when these creatures, being without a king, through fear dispersed in all directions, the Lord created a king for the protection of this whole (creation),
इन्द्रानिलयमार्काणामग्नेश्च वरुणस्य च । चन्द्रवित्तेशयोश्चैव मात्रा निर्हृत्य शाश्वतीः ॥ ७.४॥
PADACHEDA
इन्द्र-अनिल-यम-अर्काणाम् अग्नेः च वरुणस्य च । चन्द्र-वित्तेशयोः च एव मात्राः निर्हृत्य शाश्वतीः ॥ ७।४॥
TRANSLITERATION
indra-anila-yama-arkāṇām agneḥ ca varuṇasya ca . candra-vitteśayoḥ ca eva mātrāḥ nirhṛtya śāśvatīḥ .. 7.4..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.4. Taking (for that purpose) eternal particles of Indra, of the Wind, of Yama, of the Sun, of Fire, of Varuna, of the Moon, and of the Lord of wealth (Kubera).
एकमेव दहत्यग्निर्नरं दुरुपसर्पिणम् । कुलं दहति राजाऽग्निः सपशुद्रव्यसञ्चयम् ॥ ७.९॥
PADACHEDA
एकम् एव दहति अग्निः नरम् दुरुपसर्पिणम् । कुलम् दहति राजा अग्निः स पशु-द्रव्य-सञ्चयम् ॥ ७।९॥
TRANSLITERATION
ekam eva dahati agniḥ naram durupasarpiṇam . kulam dahati rājā agniḥ sa paśu-dravya-sañcayam .. 7.9..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.9. Fire burns one man only, if he carelessly approaches it, the fire of a king’s (anger) consumes the (whole) family, together with its cattle and its hoard of property.
कार्यं सोऽवेक्ष्य शक्तिं च देशकालौ च तत्त्वतः । कुरुते धर्मसिद्ध्यर्थं विश्वरूपं पुनः पुनः ॥ ७.१०॥
PADACHEDA
कार्यम् सः अवेक्ष्य शक्तिम् च देश-कालौ च तत्त्वतः । कुरुते धर्म-सिद्धि-अर्थम् विश्वरूपम् पुनर् पुनर् ॥ ७।१०॥
TRANSLITERATION
kāryam saḥ avekṣya śaktim ca deśa-kālau ca tattvataḥ . kurute dharma-siddhi-artham viśvarūpam punar punar .. 7.10..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.10. Having fully considered the purpose, (his) power, and the place and the time, he assumes by turns many (different) shapes for the complete attainment of justice.
यस्य प्रसादे पद्मा श्रीः विजयः च पराक्रमे । मृत्युः च वसति क्रोधे सर्व-तेजः-मयः हि सः ॥ ७।११॥
TRANSLITERATION
yasya prasāde padmā śrīḥ vijayaḥ ca parākrame . mṛtyuḥ ca vasati krodhe sarva-tejaḥ-mayaḥ hi saḥ .. 7.11..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.11. He, in whose favour resides Padma, the goddess of fortune, in whose valour dwells victory, in whose anger abides death, is formed of the lustre of all (gods).
7.14. For the (king’s) sake the Lord formerly created his own son, Punishment, the protector of all creatures, (an incarnation of) the law, formed of Brahman’s glory.
तम् देश-कालौ शक्तिम् च विद्याम् च अवेक्ष्य तत्त्वतः । यथार्हतः सम्प्रणयेत् नरेषु अन्याय-वर्तिषु ॥ ७।१६॥
TRANSLITERATION
tam deśa-kālau śaktim ca vidyām ca avekṣya tattvataḥ . yathārhataḥ sampraṇayet nareṣu anyāya-vartiṣu .. 7.16..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.16. Having fully considered the time and the place (of the offence), the strength and the knowledge (of the offender), let him justly inflict that (punishment) on men who act unjustly.
स राजा पुरुषो दण्डः स नेता शासिता च सः । चतुर्णामाश्रमाणां च धर्मस्य प्रतिभूः स्मृतः ॥ ७.१७॥
PADACHEDA
स राजा पुरुषः दण्डः स नेता शासिता च सः । चतुर्णाम् आश्रमाणाम् च धर्मस्य प्रतिभूः स्मृतः ॥ ७।१७॥
TRANSLITERATION
sa rājā puruṣaḥ daṇḍaḥ sa netā śāsitā ca saḥ . caturṇām āśramāṇām ca dharmasya pratibhūḥ smṛtaḥ .. 7.17..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.17. Punishment is (in reality) the king (and) the male, that the manager of affairs, that the ruler, and that is
called the surety for the four orders’ obedience to the law.
7.18. Punishment alone governs all created beings, punishment alone protects them, punishment watches over them while they sleep; the wise declare punishment (to be identical with) the law.
samīkṣya sa dhṛtaḥ samyak sarvāḥ rañjayati prajāḥ . a samīkṣya praṇītaḥ tu vināśayati sarvatas .. 7.19..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.19. If (punishment) is properly inflicted after (due) consideration, it makes all people happy; but inflicted without consideration, it destroys everything.
7.20. If the king did not, without tiring, inflict punishment on those worthy to be punished, the stronger would
roast the weaker, like fish on a spit;
अद्यात्काकः पुरोडाशं श्वा च लिह्याद्धविस्तथा । स्वाम्यं च न स्यात्कस्मिंश्चित्प्रवर्तेताधरोत्तरम् ॥ ७.२१॥
PADACHEDA
अद्यात् काकः पुरोडाशम् श्वा च लिह्यात् हविः तथा । स्वाम्यम् च न स्यात् कस्मिंश्चिद् प्रवर्तेत अधरोत्तरम् ॥ ७।२१॥
TRANSLITERATION
adyāt kākaḥ puroḍāśam śvā ca lihyāt haviḥ tathā . svāmyam ca na syāt kasmiṃścid pravarteta adharottaram .. 7.21..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.21. The crow would eat the sacrificial cake and the dog would lick the sacrificial viands, and ownership would not remain with any one, the lower ones would (usurp the place of) the higher ones.
सर्वो दण्डजितो लोको दुर्लभो हि शुचिर्नरः । दण्डस्य हि भयात्सर्वं जगद्भोगाय कल्पते ॥ ७.२२॥
PADACHEDA
सर्वः दण्ड-जितः लोकः दुर्लभः हि शुचिः नरः । दण्डस्य हि भयात् सर्वम् जगत् भोगाय कल्पते ॥ ७।२२॥
TRANSLITERATION
sarvaḥ daṇḍa-jitaḥ lokaḥ durlabhaḥ hi śuciḥ naraḥ . daṇḍasya hi bhayāt sarvam jagat bhogāya kalpate .. 7.22..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.22. The whole world is kept in order by punishment, for a guiltless man is hard to find; through fear of punishment the whole world yields the enjoyments (which it owes).
deva-dānava-gandharvāḥ rakṣāṃsi pataga-uragāḥ . te api bhogāya kalpante daṇḍena eva nipīḍitāḥ .. 7.23..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.23. The gods, the Danavas, the Gandharvas, the Rakshasas, the bird and snake deities even give the enjoyments (due from them) only, if they are tormented by (the fear of) punishment.
दुष्येयुः सर्व-वर्णाः च भिद्येरन् सर्व-सेतवः । सर्व-लोक-प्रकोपः च भवेत् दण्डस्य विभ्रमात् ॥ ७।२४॥
TRANSLITERATION
duṣyeyuḥ sarva-varṇāḥ ca bhidyeran sarva-setavaḥ . sarva-loka-prakopaḥ ca bhavet daṇḍasya vibhramāt .. 7.24..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.24. All castes (varna) would be corrupted (by intermixture), all barriers would be broken through, and all men would rage (against each other) in consequence of mistakes with respect to punishment.
यत्र श्यामो लोहिताक्षो दण्डश्चरति पापहा । प्रजास्तत्र न मुह्यन्ति नेता चेत्साधु पश्यति ॥ ७.२५॥
PADACHEDA
यत्र श्यामः लोहित-अक्षः दण्डः चरति पाप-हा । प्रजाः तत्र न मुह्यन्ति नेता चेद् साधु पश्यति ॥ ७।२५॥
TRANSLITERATION
yatra śyāmaḥ lohita-akṣaḥ daṇḍaḥ carati pāpa-hā . prajāḥ tatra na muhyanti netā ced sādhu paśyati .. 7.25..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.25. But where Punishment with a black hue and red eyes stalks about, destroying sinners, there the subjects are not disturbed, provided that he who inflicts it discerns well.
7.26. They declare that king to be a just inflicter of punishment, who is truthful, who acts after due consideration, who is wise, and who knows (the respective value of) virtue, pleasure, and wealth.
tam rājā praṇayan samyak trivargeṇa abhivardhate . kāma-andhaḥ viṣamaḥ kṣudraḥ daṇḍena eva nihanyate .. 7.27..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.27. A king who properly inflicts (punishment), prospers with respect to (those) three (means of happiness); but he who is voluptuous, partial, and deceitful will be destroyed, even through the (unjust) punishment (which he inflicts).
दण्डः हि सु महत् तेजः दुर्धरः च अकृतात्मभिः । धर्मात् विचलितम् हन्ति नृपम् एव स बान्धवम् ॥ ७।२८॥
TRANSLITERATION
daṇḍaḥ hi su mahat tejaḥ durdharaḥ ca akṛtātmabhiḥ . dharmāt vicalitam hanti nṛpam eva sa bāndhavam .. 7.28..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.28. Punishment (possesses) a very bright lustre, and is hard to be administered by men with unimproved minds; it strikes down the king who swerves from his duty, together with his relatives.
ततो दुर्गं च राष्ट्रं च लोकं च सचराचरम् । अन्तरिक्षगतांश्चैव मुनीन् देवांश्च पीडयेत् ॥ ७.२९॥
PADACHEDA
ततस् दुर्गम् च राष्ट्रम् च लोकम् च सचराचरम् । अन्तरिक्ष-गतान् च एव मुनीन् देवान् च पीडयेत् ॥ ७।२९॥
TRANSLITERATION
tatas durgam ca rāṣṭram ca lokam ca sacarācaram . antarikṣa-gatān ca eva munīn devān ca pīḍayet .. 7.29..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.29. Next it will afflict his castles, his territories, the whole world together with the movable and immovable (creation), likewise the sages and the gods, who (on the failure of offerings) ascend to the sky.
सोऽसहायेन मूढेन लुब्धेनाकृतबुद्धिना । न शक्यो न्यायतो नेतुं सक्तेन विषयेषु च ॥ ७.३०॥
PADACHEDA
सः असहायेन मूढेन लुब्धेन अकृतबुद्धिना । न शक्यः न्यायतः नेतुम् सक्तेन विषयेषु च ॥ ७।३०॥
TRANSLITERATION
saḥ asahāyena mūḍhena lubdhena akṛtabuddhinā . na śakyaḥ nyāyataḥ netum saktena viṣayeṣu ca .. 7.30..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.30. (Punishment) cannot be inflicted justly by one who has no assistant, (nor) by a fool, (nor) by a covetous man, (nor) by one whose mind is unimproved, (nor) by one addicted to sensual pleasures.
7.31. By him who is pure (and) faithful to his promise, who acts according to the Institutes (of the sacred law),
who has good assistants and is wise, punishment can be (justly) inflicted.
sva-rāṣṭre nyāya-vṛttaḥ syāt bhṛśa-daṇḍaḥ ca śatruṣu . suhṛtsu a jihmaḥ snigdheṣu brāhmaṇeṣu kṣamā-anvitaḥ .. 7.32..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.32. Let him act with justice in his own domain, with rigour chastise his enemies, behave without duplicity
towards his friends, and be lenient towards Brahmanas.
atas tu viparītasya nṛpateḥ ajita-ātmanaḥ . saṅkṣipyate yaśaḥ loke ghṛta-binduḥ iva ambhasi .. 7.34..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.34. But the fame of a king who acts in a contrary manner and who does not subdue himself, diminishes in extent among men like a drop of clarified butter in water.
स्वे स्वे धर्मे निविष्टानां सर्वेषामनुपूर्वशः । वर्णानामाश्रमाणां च राजा सृष्टोऽभिरक्षिता ॥ ७.३५॥
PADACHEDA
स्वे स्वे धर्मे निविष्टानाम् सर्वेषाम् अनुपूर्वशस् । वर्णानाम् आश्रमाणाम् च राजा सृष्टः अभिरक्षिता ॥ ७।३५॥
TRANSLITERATION
sve sve dharme niviṣṭānām sarveṣām anupūrvaśas . varṇānām āśramāṇām ca rājā sṛṣṭaḥ abhirakṣitā .. 7.35..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.35. The king has been created (to be) the protector of the castes (varna) and orders, who, all according to their
rank, discharge their several duties.
7.37. Let the king, after rising early in the morning, worship Brahmanas who are well versed in the threefold
sacred science and learned (in polity), and follow their advice.
bahavaḥ avinayāt naṣṭāḥ rājānaḥ sa parigrahāḥ . vanasthāḥ api rājyāni vinayāt pratipedire .. 7.40..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.40. Through a want of modesty many kings have perished, together with their belongings; through modesty even hermits in the forest have gained kingdoms.
त्रैत्रयीम् विद्यात् दण्डनीतिम् च शाश्वतीम् । आन्वीक्षिकीम् च आत्म-विद्याम् वार्त्ता-आरम्भान् च लोकतः ॥ ७।४३॥
TRANSLITERATION
traitrayīm vidyāt daṇḍanītim ca śāśvatīm . ānvīkṣikīm ca ātma-vidyām vārttā-ārambhān ca lokataḥ .. 7.43..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.43. From those versed in the three Vedas let him learn the threefold (sacred science), the primeval science of government, the science of dialectics, and the knowledge of the (supreme) Soul; from the people (the theory of) the (various) trades and professions.
7.44. Day and night he must strenuously exert himself to conquer his senses; for he (alone) who has conquered his own senses, can keep his subjects in obedience.
kāma-jeṣu prasaktaḥ hi vyasaneṣu mahīpatiḥ . viyujyate artha-dharmābhyām krodha-jeṣu ātmanā eva tu .. 7.46..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.46. For a king who is attached to the vices springing from love of pleasure, loses his wealth and his virtue, but
(he who is given) to those arising from anger, (loses) even his life.
7.47. Hunting, gambling, sleeping by day, censoriousness, (excess with) women, drunkenness, (an inordinate love for) dancing, singing, and music, and useless travel are the tenfold set (of vices) springing from love of
pleasure.
paiśunyam sāhasam drohaḥ īrṣyā asūyā artha-dūṣaṇam . vāgdaṇḍa-jam ca pāruṣyam krodha-jaḥ api gaṇaḥ aṣṭakaḥ .. 7.48..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.48. Tale-bearing, violence, treachery, envy, slandering, (unjust) seizure of property, reviling, and assault are the eightfold set (of vices) produced by wrath.
dvayoḥ api etayoḥ mūlam yam sarve kavayaḥ viduḥ . tam yatnena jayet lobham tad-jau etau ubhau gaṇau .. 7.49..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.49. That greediness which all wise men declare to be the root even of both these (sets), let him carefully conquer; both sets (of vices) are produced by that.
पानम् अक्षाः स्त्रियः च एव मृगया च यथाक्रमम् । एतत् कष्टतमम् विद्यात् चतुष्कम् काम-जे गणे ॥ ७।५०॥
TRANSLITERATION
pānam akṣāḥ striyaḥ ca eva mṛgayā ca yathākramam . etat kaṣṭatamam vidyāt catuṣkam kāma-je gaṇe .. 7.50..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.50. Drinking, dice, women, and hunting, these four (which have been enumerated) in succession, he must know to be the most pernicious in the set that springs from love of pleasure.
saptakasya asya vargasya sarvatra eva anuṣaṅgiṇaḥ . pūrvam pūrvam gurutaram vidyāt vyasanam ātmavān .. 7.52..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.52. A self-controlled (king) should know that in this set of seven, which prevails everywhere, each earlier- named vice is more abominable (than those named later).
व्यसनस्य च मृत्योः च व्यसनम् कष्टम् उच्यते । व्यसनी अधस् अधस् व्रजति स्वर् याति अव्यसनी मृतः ॥ ७।५३॥
TRANSLITERATION
vyasanasya ca mṛtyoḥ ca vyasanam kaṣṭam ucyate . vyasanī adhas adhas vrajati svar yāti avyasanī mṛtaḥ .. 7.53..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.53. (On a comparison) between vice and death, vice is declared to be more pernicious; a vicious man sinks to the nethermost (hell), he who dies, free from vice, ascends to heaven.
7.54. Let him appoint seven or eight ministers whose ancestors have been royal servants, who are versed in the sciences, heroes skilled in the use of weapons and descended from (noble) families and who have been tried.
api yat sukaram karma tat api ekena duṣkaram . viśeṣataḥ asahāyena kim nu rājyam mahā-udayam .. 7.55..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.55. Even an undertaking easy (in itself) is (sometimes) hard to be accomplished by a single man; how much (harder is it for a king), especially (if he has) no assistant, (to govern) a kingdom which yields great revenues.
7.56. Let him daily consider with them the ordinary (business, referring to) peace and war, (the four subjects called) sthana, the revenue, the (manner of) protecting (himself and his kingdom), and the sanctification of his gains (by pious gifts).
teṣām svam svam abhiprāyam upalabhya pṛthak pṛthak . samastānām ca kāryeṣu vidadhyāt hitam ātmanaḥ .. 7.57..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.57. Having (first) ascertained the opinion of each (minister) separately and (then the views) of all together, let
him do what is (most) beneficial for him in his affairs.
7.58. But with the most distinguished among them all, a learned Brahmana, let the king deliberate on the most
important affairs which relate to the six measures of royal policy.
7.59. Let him, full of confidence, always entrust to that (official) all business; having taken his final resolution
with him, let him afterwards begin to act.
7.62. Among them let him employ the brave, the skilful, the high-born, and the honest in (offices for the collection of) revenue, (e.g.) in mines, manufactures, and storehouses, (but) the timid in the interior of his
palace.
dūtam ca eva prakurvīta sarva-śāstra-viśāradam . iṅgita-ākāra-ceṣṭa-jñam śucim dakṣam kula-udgatam .. 7.63..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.63. Let him also appoint an ambassador who is versed in all sciences, who understands hints, expressions of
the face and gestures, who is honest, skilful, and of (noble) family.
7.64. (Such) an ambassador is commended to a king (who is) loyal, honest, skilful, possessing a good memory, who knows the (proper) place and time (for action, who is) handsome, fearless, and eloquent.
7.65. The army depends on the official (placed in charge of it), the due control (of the subjects) on the army, the treasury and the (government of) the realm on the king, peace and its opposite (war) on the ambassador.
दूत एव हि संधत्ते भिनत्त्येव च संहतान् । दूतस्तत्कुरुते कर्म भिद्यन्ते येन मानवः ॥ ७.६६॥
PADACHEDA
दूतः एव हि संधत्ते भिनत्ति एव च संहतान् । दूतः तत् कुरुते कर्म भिद्यन्ते येन मानवः ॥ ७।६६॥
TRANSLITERATION
dūtaḥ eva hi saṃdhatte bhinatti eva ca saṃhatān . dūtaḥ tat kurute karma bhidyante yena mānavaḥ .. 7.66..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.66. For the ambassador alone makes (kings’) allies and separates allies; the ambassador transacts that business by which (kings) are disunited or not.
स विद्यादस्य कृत्येषु निर्गूढेङ्गितचेष्टितैः । आकारमिङ्गितं चेष्टां भृत्येषु च चिकीर्षितम् ॥ ७.६७॥
PADACHEDA
स विद्यात् अस्य कृत्येषु निर्गूढ-इङ्गित-चेष्टितैः । आकारम् इङ्गितम् चेष्टाम् भृत्येषु च चिकीर्षितम् ॥ ७।६७॥
TRANSLITERATION
sa vidyāt asya kṛtyeṣu nirgūḍha-iṅgita-ceṣṭitaiḥ . ākāram iṅgitam ceṣṭām bhṛtyeṣu ca cikīrṣitam .. 7.67..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.67. With respect to the affairs let the (ambassador) explore the expression of the countenance, the gestures and actions of the (foreign king) through the gestures and actions of his confidential (advisers), and (discover) his designs among his servants.
बुद्ध्वा च सर्वं तत्त्वेन परराजचिकीर्षितम् । तथा प्रयत्नमातिष्ठेद्यथाऽत्मानं न पीडयेत् ॥ ७.६८॥
PADACHEDA
बुद्ध्वा च सर्वम् तत्त्वेन पर-राज-चिकीर्षितम् । तथा प्रयत्नम् आतिष्ठेत् यथा आत्मानम् न पीडयेत् ॥ ७।६८॥
TRANSLITERATION
buddhvā ca sarvam tattvena para-rāja-cikīrṣitam . tathā prayatnam ātiṣṭhet yathā ātmānam na pīḍayet .. 7.68..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.68. Having learnt exactly (from his ambassador) the designs of the foreign king, let (the king) take such measures that he does not bring evil on himself.
7.69. Let him settle in a country which is open and has a dry climate, where grain is abundant, which is chiefly (inhabited) by Aryans, not subject to epidemic diseases (or similar troubles), and pleasant, where the vassals are obedient and his own (people easily) find their livelihood.
7.70. Let him build (there) a town, making for his safety a fortress, protected by a desert, or a fortress built of (stone and) earth, or one protected by water or trees, or one (formed by an encampment of armed) men or a hill- fort.
sarveṇa tu prayatnena giri-durgam samāśrayet . eṣām hi bāhuguṇyena giri-durgam viśiṣyate .. 7.71..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.71. Let him make every effort to secure a hill-fort, for amongst all those (fortresses mentioned) a hill-fort is distinguished by many superior qualities.
7.72. The first three of those (various kinds of fortresses) are inhabited by wild beasts, animals living in holes
and aquatic animals, the last three by monkeys, men, and gods respectively.
यथा दुर्ग-आश्रितान् एतान् न उपहिंसन्ति शत्रवः । तथा अरयः न हिंसन्ति नृपम् दुर्ग-समाश्रितम् ॥ ७।७३॥
TRANSLITERATION
yathā durga-āśritān etān na upahiṃsanti śatravaḥ . tathā arayaḥ na hiṃsanti nṛpam durga-samāśritam .. 7.73..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.73. As enemies do not hurt these (beings, when they are) sheltered by (their) fortresses, even so foes (can) not injure a king who has taken refuge in his fort.
7.74. One bowman, placed on a rampart, is a match in battle for one hundred (foes), one hundred for ten thousand; hence it is prescribed (in the Sastras that a king will posses) a fortress.
tat syāt āyudha-sampannam dhana-dhānyena vāhanaiḥ . brāhmaṇaiḥ śilpibhiḥ yantraiḥ yavasena udakena ca .. 7.75..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.75. Let that (fort) be well supplied with weapons, money, grain and beasts of burden, with Brahmanas, with artisans, with engines, with fodder, and with water.
7.76. Let him cause to be built for himself, in the centre of it, a spacious palace, (well) protected, habitable in
every season, resplendent (with whitewash), supplied with water and trees.
7.77. Inhabiting that, let him wed a consort of equal caste (varna), who possesses auspicious marks (on her
body), and is born in a great family, who is charming and possesses beauty and excellent qualities.
पुरोहितं च कुर्वीत वृणुयादेव चर्त्विजः । तेऽस्य गृह्याणि कर्माणि कुर्युर्वैतानिकानि च ॥ ७.७८॥
PADACHEDA
पुरोहितम् च कुर्वीत वृणुयात् एव च ऋत्विजः । ते अस्य गृह्याणि कर्माणि कुर्युः वैतानिकानि च ॥ ७।७८॥
TRANSLITERATION
purohitam ca kurvīta vṛṇuyāt eva ca ṛtvijaḥ . te asya gṛhyāṇi karmāṇi kuryuḥ vaitānikāni ca .. 7.78..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.78. Let him appoint a domestic priest (purohita) and choose officiating priests (ritvig); they shall perform his domestic rites and the (sacrifices) for which three fires are required.
यजेत राजा क्रतुभिर्विविधैराप्तदक्षिणैः । धर्मार्थं चैव विप्रेभ्यो दद्याद्भोगान् धनानि च ॥ ७.७९॥
PADACHEDA
यजेत राजा क्रतुभिः विविधैः आप्त-दक्षिणैः । धर्म-अर्थम् च एव विप्रेभ्यः दद्यात् भोगान् धनानि च ॥ ७।७९॥
TRANSLITERATION
yajeta rājā kratubhiḥ vividhaiḥ āpta-dakṣiṇaiḥ . dharma-artham ca eva viprebhyaḥ dadyāt bhogān dhanāni ca .. 7.79..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.79. A king shall offer various (Srauta) sacrifices at which liberal fees (are distributed), and in order to acquire merit, he shall give to Brahmanas enjoyments and wealth.
सांवत्सरिकम् आप्तैः च राष्ट्रात् आहारयेत् बलिम् । स्यात् च आम्नाय-परः लोके वर्तेत पितृ-वत् नृषु ॥ ७।८०॥
TRANSLITERATION
sāṃvatsarikam āptaiḥ ca rāṣṭrāt āhārayet balim . syāt ca āmnāya-paraḥ loke varteta pitṛ-vat nṛṣu .. 7.80..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.80. Let him cause the annual revenue in his kingdom to be collected by trusty (officials), let him obey the
sacred law in (his transactions with) the people, and behave like a father towards all men.
adhyakṣān vividhān kuryāt tatra tatra vipaścitaḥ . te asya sarvāṇi avekṣeran nṛṇām kāryāṇi kurvatām .. 7.81..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.81. For the various (branches of business) let him appoint intelligent supervisors; they shall inspect all (the
acts) of those men who transact his business.
7.82. Let him honour those Brahmanas who have returned from their teacher’s house (after studying the Veda); for that (money which is given) to Brahmanas is declared to be an imperishable treasure for kings.
न स्कन्दते न व्यथते न विनश्यति कर्हि चित् । वरिष्ठमग्निहोत्रेभ्यो ब्राह्मणस्य मुखे हुतम् ॥ ७.८४॥
PADACHEDA
न स्कन्दते न व्यथते न विनश्यति कर्हि चित् । वरिष्ठम् अग्निहोत्रेभ्यः ब्राह्मणस्य मुखे हुतम् ॥ ७।८४॥
TRANSLITERATION
na skandate na vyathate na vinaśyati karhi cit . variṣṭham agnihotrebhyaḥ brāhmaṇasya mukhe hutam .. 7.84..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.84. The offering made through the mouth of a Brahmana, which is neither spilt, nor falls (on the ground), nor ever perishes, is far more excellent than Agnihotras.
7.85. A gift to one who is not a Brahmana (yields) the ordinary (reward; a gift) to one who calls himself a Brahmana, a double (reward); a gift to a well-read Brahmana, a hundred-thousandfold (reward); (a gift) to one who knows the Veda and the Angas (Vedaparaga, a reward) without end.
पात्रस्य हि विशेषेण श्रद्दधानतयैव च । अल्पं वा बहु वा प्रेत्य दानस्य फलमश्नुते ॥ ७.८६॥
PADACHEDA
पात्रस्य हि विशेषेण श्रद्दधान-तया एव च । अल्पम् वा बहु वा प्रेत्य दानस्य फलम् अश्नुते ॥ ७।८६॥
TRANSLITERATION
pātrasya hi viśeṣeṇa śraddadhāna-tayā eva ca . alpam vā bahu vā pretya dānasya phalam aśnute .. 7.86..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.86. For according to the particular qualities of the recipient and according to the faith (of the giver) a small or a great reward will be obtained for a gift in the next world.
deśa-kāla-vidhānena dravyam śraddhā-samanvitam . pātre pradīyate yat tu tat dharmasya prasādhanam .. 7.87
ENGLISH MEANING
7.87. A king who, while he protects his people, is defied by (foes), be they equal in strength, or stronger, or weaker, must not shrink from battle, remembering the duty of Kshatriyas.
7.90. When he fights with his foes in battle, let him not strike with weapons concealed (in wood), nor with (such as are) barbed, poisoned, or the points of which are blazing with fire.
न कूटैरायुधैर्हन्याद्युध्यमानो रणे रिपून् । न कर्णिभिर्नापि दिग्धैर्नाग्निज्वलिततेजनैः ॥ ७.९०॥
PADACHEDA
न कूटैः आयुधैः हन्यात् युध्यमानः रणे रिपून् । न कर्णिभिः ना अपि दिग्धैः ना अग्नि-ज्वलित-तेजनैः ॥ ७।९०॥
TRANSLITERATION
na kūṭaiḥ āyudhaiḥ hanyāt yudhyamānaḥ raṇe ripūn . na karṇibhiḥ nā api digdhaiḥ nā agni-jvalita-tejanaiḥ .. 7.90..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.91. Let him not strike one who (in flight) has climbed on an eminence, nor a eunuch, nor one who joins the palms of his hands (in supplication), nor one who (flees) with flying hair, nor one who sits down, nor one who
says ’I am thine;’
न च हन्यात्स्थलारूढं न क्लीबं न कृताञ्जलिम् । न मुक्तकेशं नासीनं न तवास्मीति वादिनम् ॥ ७.९१॥
PADACHEDA
न च हन्यात् स्थल-आरूढम् न क्लीबम् न कृताञ्जलिम् । न मुक्त-केशम् न आसीनम् न तव अस्मि इति वादिनम् ॥ ७।९१॥
TRANSLITERATION
na ca hanyāt sthala-ārūḍham na klībam na kṛtāñjalim . na mukta-keśam na āsīnam na tava asmi iti vādinam .. 7.91..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.92. Nor one who sleeps, nor one who has lost his coat of mail, nor one who is naked, nor one who is disarmed, nor one who looks on without taking part in the fight, nor one who is fighting with another (foe);
न सुप्तं न विसंनाहं न नग्नं न निरायुधम् । नायुध्यमानं पश्यन्तं न परेण समागतम् ॥ ७.९२॥
PADACHEDA
न सुप्तम् न विसंनाहम् न नग्नम् न निरायुधम् । न अयुध्यमानम् पश्यन्तम् न परेण समागतम् ॥ ७।९२॥
TRANSLITERATION
na suptam na visaṃnāham na nagnam na nirāyudham . na ayudhyamānam paśyantam na pareṇa samāgatam .. 7.92..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.93. Nor one whose weapons are broken, nor one afflicted (with sorrow), nor one who has been grievously wounded, nor one who is in fear, nor one who has turned to flight; (but in all these cases let him) remember the duty (of honourable warriors).
yat ca asya su kṛtam kim cit amutra artham upārjitam . bhartā tat sarvam ādatte parāvṛtta-hatasya tu .. 7.95..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.96. Chariots and horses, elephants, parasols, money, grain, cattle, women, all sorts of (marketable) goods and
valueless metals belong to him who takes them (singly) conquering (the possessor).
ratha-aśvam hastinam chatram dhanam dhānyam paśūn striyaḥ . sarva-dravyāṇi kupyam ca yaḥ yat jayati tasya tat .. 7.96..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.97. A text of the Veda (declares) that (the soldiers) shall present a choice portion (of the booty) to the king; what has not been taken singly, must be distributed by the king among all the soldiers.
7.99. Let him strive to gain what he has not yet gained; what he has gained let him carefully preserve; let him
augment what he preserves, and what he has augmented let him bestow on worthy men.
7.101. What he has not (yet) gained, let him seek (to gain) by (his) army; what he has gained, let him protect by careful attention; what he has protected, let him augment by (various modes of) increasing it; and what he has augmented, let him liberally bestow (on worthy men).
7.102. Let him be ever ready to strike, his prowess constantly displayed, and his secrets constantly concealed, and let him constantly explore the weaknesses of his foe.
7.103. Of him who is always ready to strike, the whole world stands in awe; let him therefore make all creatures subject to himself even by the employment of force.
7.104. Let him ever act without guile, and on no account treacherously; carefully guarding himself, let him
always fathom the treachery which his foes employ.
अमाययैव वर्तेत न कथं चन मायया । बुध्येतारिप्रयुक्तां च मायां नित्यं सुसंवृतः ॥ ७.१०४॥
PADACHEDA
अमायया एव वर्तेत न कथम् चन मायया । बुध्येत अरि-प्रयुक्ताम् च मायाम् नित्यम् सु संवृतः ॥ ७।१०४॥
TRANSLITERATION
amāyayā eva varteta na katham cana māyayā . budhyeta ari-prayuktām ca māyām nityam su saṃvṛtaḥ .. 7.104..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.105. His enemy must not know his weaknesses, but he must know the weaknesses of his enemy; as the
tortoise (hides its limbs), even so let him secure the members (of his government against treachery), let him protect his own weak points.
न अस्य छिद्रम् परः विद्यात् विद्यात् छिद्रम् परस्य च । गूहेत् कूर्मः इव अङ्गानि रक्षेत् विवरम् आत्मनः ॥ ७।१०५॥
TRANSLITERATION
na asya chidram paraḥ vidyāt vidyāt chidram parasya ca . gūhet kūrmaḥ iva aṅgāni rakṣet vivaram ātmanaḥ .. 7.105..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.106. Let him plan his undertakings (patiently meditating) like a heron; like a lion, let him put forth his strength; like a wolf, let him snatch (his prey); like a hare, let him double in retreat.
यदि ते तु न तिष्ठेयुरुपायैः प्रथमैस्त्रिभिः । दण्डेनैव प्रसह्यैतांशनकैर्वशमानयेत् ॥ ७.१०८॥
PADACHEDA
यदि ते तु न तिष्ठेयुः उपायैः प्रथमैः त्रिभिः । दण्डेन एव प्रसह्य एतान् शनकैस् वशम् आनयेत् ॥ ७।१०८॥
TRANSLITERATION
yadi te tu na tiṣṭheyuḥ upāyaiḥ prathamaiḥ tribhiḥ . daṇḍena eva prasahya etān śanakais vaśam ānayet .. 7.108..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.109. Among the four expedients, conciliation and the rest, the learned always recommend conciliation and (the employment of) force for the prosperity of kingdoms.
यथोद्धरति निर्दाता कक्षं धान्यं च रक्षति । तथा रक्षेन्नृपो राष्ट्रं हन्याच्च परिपन्थिनः ॥ ७.११०॥
PADACHEDA
यथा उद्धरति निर्दाता कक्षम् धान्यम् च रक्षति । तथा रक्षेत् नृपः राष्ट्रम् हन्यात् च परिपन्थिनः ॥ ७।११०॥
TRANSLITERATION
yathā uddharati nirdātā kakṣam dhānyam ca rakṣati . tathā rakṣet nṛpaḥ rāṣṭram hanyāt ca paripanthinaḥ .. 7.110..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.111. That king who through folly rashly oppresses his kingdom, (will), together with his relatives, ere long be deprived of his life and of his kingdom.
मोहात् राजा स्व-राष्ट्रम् यः कर्षयति अनवेक्षया । सः अचिरात् भ्रश्यते राज्यात् जीवितात् च स बान्धवः ॥ ७।१११॥
TRANSLITERATION
mohāt rājā sva-rāṣṭram yaḥ karṣayati anavekṣayā . saḥ acirāt bhraśyate rājyāt jīvitāt ca sa bāndhavaḥ .. 7.111..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.112. As the lives of living creatures are destroyed by tormenting their bodies, even so the lives of kings are destroyed by their oppressing their kingdoms.
rāṣṭrasya saṅgrahe nityam vidhānam idam ācaret . su saṅgṛhīta-rāṣṭre hi pārthivaḥ sukham edhate .. 7.113..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.114. Let him place a company of soldiers, commanded (by a trusty officer), the midst of two, three, five or hundreds of villages, (to be) a protection of the kingdom.
ग्रामस्याधिपतिं कुर्याद्दशग्रामपतिं तथा । विंशतीशं शतेशं च सहस्रपतिमेव च ॥ ७.११५॥
PADACHEDA
ग्रामस्य अधिपतिम् कुर्यात् दश-ग्राम-पतिम् तथा । विंशति-ईशम् शत-ईशम् च सहस्र-पतिम् एव च ॥ ७।११५॥
TRANSLITERATION
grāmasya adhipatim kuryāt daśa-grāma-patim tathā . viṃśati-īśam śata-īśam ca sahasra-patim eva ca .. 7.115..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.116. The lord of one village himself shall inform the lord of ten villages of the crimes committed in his
village, and the ruler of ten (shall make his report) to the ruler of twenty.
7.117. But the ruler of twenty shall report all such (matters) to the lord of a hundred, and the lord of a hundred shall himself give information to the lord of a thousand.
7.119. The ruler of ten (villages) shall enjoy one kula (as much land as suffices for one family), the ruler of
twenty five kulas, the superintendent of a hundred villages (the revenues of) one village, the lord of a thousand (the revenues of) a town.
daśī kulam tu bhuñjīta viṃśī pañca kulāni ca . grāmam grāma-śata-adhyakṣaḥ sahasra-adhipatiḥ puram .. 7.119..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.120. The affairs of these (officials), which are connected with (their) villages and their separate business, another minister of the king shall inspect, (who must be) loyal and never remiss;
nagare nagare ca ekam kuryāt sarva-artha-cintakam . uccais sthānam ghora-rūpam nakṣatrāṇām iva graham .. 7.121..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.122. Let that (man) always personally visit by turns all those (other officials); let him properly explore their behaviour in their districts through spies (appointed to) each.
स ताननुपरिक्रामेत्सर्वानेव सदा स्वयम् । तेषां वृत्तं परिणयेत्सम्यग्राष्ट्रेषु तत्चरैः ॥ ७.१२२॥
PADACHEDA
स तान् अनुपरिक्रामेत् सर्वान् एव सदा स्वयम् । तेषाम् वृत्तम् परिणयेत् सम्यक् राष्ट्रेषु तद्-चरैः ॥ ७।१२२॥
TRANSLITERATION
sa tān anuparikrāmet sarvān eva sadā svayam . teṣām vṛttam pariṇayet samyak rāṣṭreṣu tad-caraiḥ .. 7.122..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.123. For the servants of the king, who are appointed to protect (the people), generally become knaves who seize the property of others; let him protect his subjects against such (men).
ये कार्यिकेभ्योऽर्थमेव गृह्णीयुः पापचेतसः । तेषां सर्वस्वमादाय राजा कुर्यात्प्रवासनम् ॥ ७.१२४॥
PADACHEDA
ये कार्यिकेभ्यः अर्थम् एव गृह्णीयुः पाप-चेतसः । तेषाम् सर्व-स्वम् आदाय राजा कुर्यात् प्रवासनम् ॥ ७।१२४॥
TRANSLITERATION
ye kāryikebhyaḥ artham eva gṛhṇīyuḥ pāpa-cetasaḥ . teṣām sarva-svam ādāya rājā kuryāt pravāsanam .. 7.124..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.125. For women employed in the royal service and for menial servants, let him fix a daily maintenance, in proportion to their position and to their work.
7.126. One pana must be given (daily) as wages to the lowest, six to the highest, likewise clothing every six months and one drona of grain every month.
7.127. Having well considered (the rates of) purchase and (of) sale, (the length of) the road, (the expense for)
food and condiments, the charges of securing the goods, let the king make the traders pay duty.
क्रयविक्रयमध्वानं भक्तं च सपरिव्ययम् । योगक्षेमं च सम्प्रेक्ष्य वणिजो दापयेत्करान् ॥ ७.१२७॥
PADACHEDA
क्रय-विक्रयम् अध्वानम् भक्तम् च स परिव्ययम् । योगक्षेमम् च सम्प्रेक्ष्य वणिजः दापयेत् करान् ॥ ७।१२७॥
TRANSLITERATION
kraya-vikrayam adhvānam bhaktam ca sa parivyayam . yogakṣemam ca samprekṣya vaṇijaḥ dāpayet karān .. 7.127..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.128. After (due) consideration the king shall always fix in his realm the duties and taxes in such a manner that both he himself and the man who does the work receive (their due) reward.
7.131. He may also take the sixth part of trees, meat, honey, clarified butter, perfumes, (medical) herbs, substances used for flavouring food, flowers, roots, and fruit;
yasya rājñaḥ tu viṣaye śrotriyaḥ sīdati kṣudhā . tasya api tat kṣudhā rāṣṭram acireṇa eva sīdati .. 7.134..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.135. Having ascertained his learning in the Veda and (the purity of) his conduct, the king shall provide for him means of subsistence in accordance with the sacred law, and shall protect him in every way, as a father (protects) the lawful son of his body.
श्रुत-वृत्ते विदित्वा अस्य वृत्तिम् धर्म्याम् प्रकल्पयेत् । संरक्षेत् सर्वतस् च एनम् पिता पुत्रम् इव औरसम् ॥ ७।१३५॥
TRANSLITERATION
śruta-vṛtte viditvā asya vṛttim dharmyām prakalpayet . saṃrakṣet sarvatas ca enam pitā putram iva aurasam .. 7.135..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.136. Whatever meritorious acts (such a Brahmana) performs under the full protection of the king, thereby the king’s length of life, wealth, and kingdom increase.
कारुकान् शिल्पिनः च एव शूद्रान् च आत्म-उपजीविनः । एकैकम् कारयेत् कर्म मासि मासि महीपतिः ॥ ७।१३८॥
TRANSLITERATION
kārukān śilpinaḥ ca eva śūdrān ca ātma-upajīvinaḥ . ekaikam kārayet karma māsi māsi mahīpatiḥ .. 7.138..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.139. Let him not cut up his own root (by levying no taxes), nor the root of other (men) by excessive greed; for
by cutting up his own root (or theirs), he makes himself or them wretched.
तीक्ष्णः च एव मृदुः च स्यात् कार्यम् वीक्ष्य महीपतिः । तीक्ष्णः च एव मृदुः च एव राज भवति सम्मतः ॥ ७।१४०॥
TRANSLITERATION
tīkṣṇaḥ ca eva mṛduḥ ca syāt kāryam vīkṣya mahīpatiḥ . tīkṣṇaḥ ca eva mṛduḥ ca eva rāja bhavati sammataḥ .. 7.140..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.141. When he is tired with the inspection of the business of men, let him place on that seat (of justice) his chief minister, (who must be) acquainted with the law, wise, self-controlled, and descended from a (noble)
family.
एवं सर्वं विधायैदमितिकर्तव्यमात्मनः । युक्तश्चैवाप्रमत्तश्च परिरक्षेदिमाः प्रजाः ॥ ७.१४२॥
PADACHEDA
एवम् सर्वम् विधाय एदम् इतिकर्तव्यम् आत्मनः । युक्तः च एव अप्रमत्तः च परिरक्षेत् इमाः प्रजाः ॥ ७।१४२॥
TRANSLITERATION
evam sarvam vidhāya edam itikartavyam ātmanaḥ . yuktaḥ ca eva apramattaḥ ca parirakṣet imāḥ prajāḥ .. 7.142..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.143. That (monarch) whose subjects are carried off by robbers (Dasyu) from his kingdom, while they loudly call (for help), and he and his servants are (quietly) looking on, is a dead and not a living (king).
विक्रोशन्त्यो यस्य राष्ट्राध्रियन्ते दस्युभिः प्रजाः । सम्पश्यतः सभृत्यस्य मृतः स न तु जीवति ॥ ७.१४३॥
PADACHEDA
विक्रोशन्त्यः यस्य राष्ट्रा आध्रियन्ते दस्युभिः प्रजाः । सम्पश्यतः स भृत्यस्य मृतः स न तु जीवति ॥ ७।१४३॥
TRANSLITERATION
vikrośantyaḥ yasya rāṣṭrā ādhriyante dasyubhiḥ prajāḥ . sampaśyataḥ sa bhṛtyasya mṛtaḥ sa na tu jīvati .. 7.143..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.144. The highest duty of a Kshatriya is to protect his subjects, for the king who enjoys the rewards, just mentioned, is bound to (discharge that) duty.
क्षत्रियस्य परो धर्मः प्रजानामेव पालनम् । निर्दिष्टफलभोक्ता हि राजा धर्मेण युज्यते ॥ ७.१४४॥
PADACHEDA
क्षत्रियस्य परः धर्मः प्रजानाम् एव पालनम् । निर्दिष्ट-फल-भोक्ता हि राजा धर्मेण युज्यते ॥ ७।१४४॥
TRANSLITERATION
kṣatriyasya paraḥ dharmaḥ prajānām eva pālanam . nirdiṣṭa-phala-bhoktā hi rājā dharmeṇa yujyate .. 7.144..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.145. Having risen in the last watch of the night, having performed (the rite of) personal purification, having, with a collected mind, offered oblations in the fire, and having worshipped Brahmanas, he shall enter the hall of audience which must possess the marks (considered) auspicious (for a dwelling).
उत्थाय पश्चिमे यामे कृत-शौचः समाहितः । हुत-अग्निः ब्राह्मणान् च अर्च्य प्रविशेत् स शुभाम् सभाम् ॥ ७।१४५॥
TRANSLITERATION
utthāya paścime yāme kṛta-śaucaḥ samāhitaḥ . huta-agniḥ brāhmaṇān ca arcya praviśet sa śubhām sabhām .. 7.145..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.146. Tarrying there, he shall gratify all subjects (who come to see him by a kind reception) and afterwards dismiss them; having dismissed his subjects, he shall take counsel with his ministers.
tatra sthitaḥ prajāḥ sarvāḥ pratinandya visarjayet . visṛjya ca prajāḥ sarvāḥ mantrayet saha mantribhiḥ .. 7.146..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.147. Ascending the back of a hill or a terrace, (and) retiring (there) in a lonely place, or in a solitary forest, let him consult with them unobserved.
7.148. That king whose secret plans other people, (though) assembled (for the purpose), do not discover, (will) enjoy the whole earth, though he be poor in treasure.
यस्य मन्त्रं न जानन्ति समागम्य पृथग्जनाः । स कृत्स्नां पृथिवीं भुङ्क्ते कोशहीनोऽपि पार्थिवः ॥ ७.१४८॥
PADACHEDA
यस्य मन्त्रम् न जानन्ति समागम्य पृथग्जनाः । स कृत्स्नाम् पृथिवीम् भुङ्क्ते कोश-हीनः अपि पार्थिवः ॥ ७।१४८॥
TRANSLITERATION
yasya mantram na jānanti samāgamya pṛthagjanāḥ . sa kṛtsnām pṛthivīm bhuṅkte kośa-hīnaḥ api pārthivaḥ .. 7.148..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.149. At the time of consultation let him cause to be removed idiots, the dumb, the blind, and the deaf, animals,
very aged men, women, barbarians, the sick, and those deficient in limbs.
7.150. (Such) despicable (persons), likewise animals, and particularly women betray secret council; for that
reason he must be careful with respect to them.
भिन्दन्ति अवमताः मन्त्रम् तैर्यग्योनाः तथा एव च । स्त्रियः च एव विशेषेण तस्मात् तत्र आदृतः भवेत् ॥ ७।१५०॥
TRANSLITERATION
bhindanti avamatāḥ mantram tairyagyonāḥ tathā eva ca . striyaḥ ca eva viśeṣeṇa tasmāt tatra ādṛtaḥ bhavet .. 7.150..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.151. At midday or at midnight, when his mental and bodily fatigues are over, let him deliberate, either with
himself alone or with his (ministers), on virtue, pleasure, and wealth,
7.152. On (reconciling) the attainment of these (aims) which are opposed to each other, on bestowing his daughters in marriage, and on keeping his sons (from harm),
परस्परविरुद्धानां तेषां च समुपार्जनम् । कन्यानां सम्प्रदानं च कुमाराणां च रक्षणम् ॥ ७.१५२॥
PADACHEDA
परस्पर-विरुद्धानाम् तेषाम् च समुपार्जनम् । कन्यानाम् सम्प्रदानम् च कुमाराणाम् च रक्षणम् ॥ ७।१५२॥
TRANSLITERATION
paraspara-viruddhānām teṣām ca samupārjanam . kanyānām sampradānam ca kumārāṇām ca rakṣaṇam .. 7.152..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.153. On sending ambassadors, on the completion of undertakings (already begun), on the behaviour of (the women in) his harem, and on the doings of his spies.
दूतसम्प्रेषणं चैव कार्यशेषं तथैव च । अन्तःपुरप्रचारं च प्रणिधीनां च चेष्टितम् ॥ ७.१५३॥
PADACHEDA
दूत-सम्प्रेषणम् च एव कार्य-शेषम् तथा एव च । अन्तःपुर-प्रचारम् च प्रणिधीनाम् च चेष्टितम् ॥ ७।१५३॥
TRANSLITERATION
dūta-sampreṣaṇam ca eva kārya-śeṣam tathā eva ca . antaḥpura-pracāram ca praṇidhīnām ca ceṣṭitam .. 7.153..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.154. On the whole eightfold business and the five classes (of spies), on the goodwill or enmity and the conduct of the circle (of neighbours he must) carefully (reflect).
कृत्स्नं चाष्टविधं कर्म पञ्चवर्गं च तत्त्वतः । अनुरागापरागौ च प्रचारं मण्डलस्य च ॥ ७.१५४॥
PADACHEDA
कृत्स्नम् च अष्टविधम् कर्म पञ्चवर्गम् च तत्त्वतः । अनुराग-अपरागौ च प्रचारम् मण्डलस्य च ॥ ७।१५४॥
TRANSLITERATION
kṛtsnam ca aṣṭavidham karma pañcavargam ca tattvataḥ . anurāga-aparāgau ca pracāram maṇḍalasya ca .. 7.154..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.155. On the conduct of the middlemost (prince), on the doings of him who seeks conquest, on the behaviour of the neutral (king), and (on that) of the foe (let him) sedulously (meditate).
मध्यमस्य प्रचारं च विजिगीषोश्च चेष्टितम् । उदासीनप्रचारं च शत्रोश्चैव प्रयत्नतः ॥ ७.१५५॥
PADACHEDA
मध्यमस्य प्रचारम् च विजिगीषोः च चेष्टितम् । उदासीन-प्रचारम् च शत्रोः च एव प्रयत्नतः ॥ ७।१५५॥
TRANSLITERATION
madhyamasya pracāram ca vijigīṣoḥ ca ceṣṭitam . udāsīna-pracāram ca śatroḥ ca eva prayatnataḥ .. 7.155..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.156. These (four) constituents (prakriti, form), briefly (speaking), the foundation of the circle (of neighbours);
besides, eight others are enumerated (in the Institutes of Polity) and (thus) the (total) is declared to be twelve.
etāḥ prakṛtayaḥ mūlam maṇḍalasya samāsatas . aṣṭau ca anyāḥ samākhyātāḥ dvādaśā eva tu tāḥ smṛtāḥ .. 7.156..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.157. The minister, the kingdom, the fortress, the treasury, and the army are five other (constituent elements of the circle); for, these are mentioned in connexion with each (of the first twelve; thus the whole circle consists), briefly (speaking, of) seventy-two (constituent parts).
अमात्य-राष्ट्र-दुर्ग-अर्थ-दण्ड-आख्याः पञ्च च अपराः । प्रत्येकम् कथिताः हि एताः सङ्क्षेपेण द्विसप्ततिः ॥ ७।१५७॥
TRANSLITERATION
amātya-rāṣṭra-durga-artha-daṇḍa-ākhyāḥ pañca ca aparāḥ . pratyekam kathitāḥ hi etāḥ saṅkṣepeṇa dvisaptatiḥ .. 7.157..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.158. Let (the king) consider as hostile his immediate neighbour and the partisan of (such a) foe, as friendly the immediate neighbour of his foe, and as neutral (the king) beyond those two.
anantaram arim vidyāt ari-sevinam eva ca . areḥ anantaram mitram udāsīnam tayoḥ param .. 7.158..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.159. Let him overcome all of them by means of the (four) expedients, conciliation and the rest, (employed) either singly or conjointly, (or) by bravery and policy (alone).
तान् सर्वानभिसंदध्यात्सामादिभिरुपक्रमैः । व्यस्तैश्चैव समस्तैश्च पौरुषेण नयेन च ॥ ७.१५९॥
PADACHEDA
तान् सर्वान् अभिसंदध्यात् साम-आदिभिः उपक्रमैः । व्यस्तैः च एव समस्तैः च पौरुषेण नयेन च ॥ ७।१५९॥
TRANSLITERATION
tān sarvān abhisaṃdadhyāt sāma-ādibhiḥ upakramaiḥ . vyastaiḥ ca eva samastaiḥ ca pauruṣeṇa nayena ca .. 7.159..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.160. Let him constantly think of the six measures of royal policy (guna, viz.) alliance, war, marching, halting, dividing the army, and seeking protection.
संधिं च विग्रहं चैव यानमासनमेव च । द्वैधीभावं संश्रयं च षड्गुणांश्चिन्तयेत्सदा ॥ ७.१६०॥
PADACHEDA
संधिम् च विग्रहम् च एव यानम् आसनम् एव च । द्वैधीभावम् संश्रयम् च षड्गुणान् चिन्तयेत् सदा ॥ ७।१६०॥
TRANSLITERATION
saṃdhim ca vigraham ca eva yānam āsanam eva ca . dvaidhībhāvam saṃśrayam ca ṣaḍguṇān cintayet sadā .. 7.160..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.161. Having carefully considered the business (in hand), let him resort to sitting quiet or marching, alliance or war, dividing his forces or seeking protection (as the case may require).
आसनं चैव यानं च संधिं विग्रहमेव च । कार्यं वीक्ष्य प्रयुञ्जीत द्वैधं संश्रयमेव च ॥ ७.१६१॥
PADACHEDA
आसनम् च एव यानम् च संधिम् विग्रहम् एव च । कार्यम् वीक्ष्य प्रयुञ्जीत द्वैधम् संश्रयम् एव च ॥ ७।१६१॥
TRANSLITERATION
āsanam ca eva yānam ca saṃdhim vigraham eva ca . kāryam vīkṣya prayuñjīta dvaidham saṃśrayam eva ca .. 7.161..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.162. But the king must know that there are two kinds of alliances and of wars, (likewise two) of both marching and sitting quiet, and two (occasions for) seeking protection.)
संधिं तु द्विविधं विद्याद्राजा विग्रहमेव च । उभे यानासने चैव द्विविधः संश्रयः स्मृतः ॥ ७.१६२॥
PADACHEDA
संधिम् तु द्विविधम् विद्यात् राजा विग्रहम् एव च । उभे यान-आसने च एव द्विविधः संश्रयः स्मृतः ॥ ७।१६२॥
TRANSLITERATION
saṃdhim tu dvividham vidyāt rājā vigraham eva ca . ubhe yāna-āsane ca eva dvividhaḥ saṃśrayaḥ smṛtaḥ .. 7.162..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.163. An alliance which yields present and future advantages, one must know to be of two descriptions, (viz.) that when one marches together (with an ally) and the contrary (when the allies act separately).
समानयानकर्मा च विपरीतस्तथैव च । तदा त्वायतिसंयुक्तः संधिर्ज्ञेयो द्विलक्षणः ॥ ७.१६३॥
PADACHEDA
समान-यान-कर्मा च विपरीतः तथा एव च । तदा तु आयति-संयुक्तः संधिः ज्ञेयः द्वि-लक्षणः ॥ ७।१६३॥
TRANSLITERATION
samāna-yāna-karmā ca viparītaḥ tathā eva ca . tadā tu āyati-saṃyuktaḥ saṃdhiḥ jñeyaḥ dvi-lakṣaṇaḥ .. 7.163..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.164. War is declared to be of two kinds, (viz.) that which is undertaken in season or out of season, by oneself and for one’s own purposes, and (that waged to avenge) an injury done to a friend.
स्वयङ्कृतश्च कार्यार्थमकाले काल एव वा । मित्रस्य चैवापकृते द्विविधो विग्रहः स्मृतः ॥ ७.१६४॥
PADACHEDA
स्वयङ्कृतः च कार्य-अर्थम् अकाले काले एव वा । मित्रस्य च एव अपकृते द्विविधः विग्रहः स्मृतः ॥ ७।१६४॥
TRANSLITERATION
svayaṅkṛtaḥ ca kārya-artham akāle kāle eva vā . mitrasya ca eva apakṛte dvividhaḥ vigrahaḥ smṛtaḥ .. 7.164..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.165. Marching (to attack) is said to be twofold, (viz. that undertaken) by one alone when an urgent matter has suddenly arisen, and (that undertaken) by one allied with a friend.
एकाकिनः च आत्ययिके कार्ये प्राप्ते यदृच्छया । संहतस्य च मित्रेण द्विविधम् यानम् उच्यते ॥ ७।१६५॥
TRANSLITERATION
ekākinaḥ ca ātyayike kārye prāpte yadṛcchayā . saṃhatasya ca mitreṇa dvividham yānam ucyate .. 7.165..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.166. Sitting quiet is stated to be of two kinds, (viz. that incumbent) on one who has gradually been weakened
by fate or in consequence of former acts, and (that) in favour of a friend.
क्षीणस्य च एव क्रमशस् दैवात् पूर्व-कृतेन वा । मित्रस्य च अनुरोधेन द्विविधम् स्मृतम् आसनम् ॥ ७।१६६॥
TRANSLITERATION
kṣīṇasya ca eva kramaśas daivāt pūrva-kṛtena vā . mitrasya ca anurodhena dvividham smṛtam āsanam .. 7.166..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.167. If the army stops (in one place) and its master (in another) in order to effect some purpose, that is called
by those acquainted with the virtues of the measures of royal policy, the twofold division of the forces.
balasya svāminaḥ ca eva sthitiḥ kārya-artha-siddhaye . dvividham kīrtyate dvaidham ṣāḍguṇya-guṇa-vedibhiḥ .. 7.167..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.168. Seeking refuge is declared to be of two kinds, (first) for the purpose of attaining an advantage when one is harassed by enemies, (secondly) in order to become known among the virtuous (as the protege of a powerful king).
अर्थ-सम्पादन-अर्थम् च पीड्यमानस्य शत्रुभिः । साधुषु व्यपदेशः च द्विविधः संश्रयः स्मृतः ॥ ७।१६८॥
TRANSLITERATION
artha-sampādana-artham ca pīḍyamānasya śatrubhiḥ . sādhuṣu vyapadeśaḥ ca dvividhaḥ saṃśrayaḥ smṛtaḥ .. 7.168..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.169. When (the king) knows (that) at some future time his superiority (is) certain, and (that) at the time present (he will suffer) little injury, then let him have recourse to peaceful measures.
आयतिं सर्वकार्याणां तदात्वं च विचारयेत् । अतीतानां च सर्वेषां गुणदोषौ च तत्त्वतः ॥ ७.१७८॥
PADACHEDA
आयतिम् सर्व-कार्याणाम् तदात्वम् च विचारयेत् । अतीतानाम् च सर्वेषाम् गुण-दोषौ च तत्त्वतः ॥ ७।१७८॥
TRANSLITERATION
āyatim sarva-kāryāṇām tadātvam ca vicārayet . atītānām ca sarveṣām guṇa-doṣau ca tattvataḥ .. 7.178..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.179. He who knows the good and the evil (which will result from his acts) in the future, is quick in forming resolutions for the present, and understands the consequences of past (actions), will not be conquered.
यथैनं नाभिसंदध्युर्मित्रोदासीनशत्रवः । तथा सर्वं संविदध्यादेष सामासिको नयः ॥ ७.१८०॥
PADACHEDA
यथा एनम् न अभिसंदध्युः मित्र-उदासीन-शत्रवः । तथा सर्वम् संविदध्यात् एष सामासिकः नयः ॥ ७।१८०॥
TRANSLITERATION
yathā enam na abhisaṃdadhyuḥ mitra-udāsīna-śatravaḥ . tathā sarvam saṃvidadhyāt eṣa sāmāsikaḥ nayaḥ .. 7.180..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.181. But if the king undertakes an expedition against a hostile kingdom, then let him gradually advance, in the following manner, against his foe’s capital.
tadā tu yānam ātiṣṭhet ari-rāṣṭram prati prabhuḥ . tadā anena vidhānena yāyāt ari-puram śanais .. 7.181..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.182. Let the king undertake his march in the fine month Margasirsha, or towards the months of Phalguna and
Kaitra, according to the (condition of his) army.
anyeṣu api tu kāleṣu yadā paśyet dhruvam jayam . tadā yāyāt vigṛhya eva vyasane ca utthite ripoḥ .. 7.183..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.184. But having duly arranged (all affairs) in his original (kingdom) and what relates to the expedition, having
secured a basis (for his operations) and having duly dispatched his spies
कृत्वा विधानं मूले तु यात्रिकं च यथाविधि । उपगृह्यास्पदं चैव चारान् सम्यग्विधाय च ॥ ७.१८४॥
PADACHEDA
कृत्वा विधानम् मूले तु यात्रिकम् च यथाविधि । उपगृह्य आस्पदम् च एव चारान् सम्यक् विधाय च ॥ ७।१८४॥
TRANSLITERATION
kṛtvā vidhānam mūle tu yātrikam ca yathāvidhi . upagṛhya āspadam ca eva cārān samyak vidhāya ca .. 7.184..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.185. Having cleared the three kinds of roads, and (having made) his sixfold army (efficient), let him leisurely
proceed in the manner prescribed for warfare against the enemy’s capital.
संशोध्य त्रिविधं मार्गं षड्विधं च बलं स्वकम् । साम्परायिककल्पेन यायादरिपुरं प्रति ॥ ७.१८५॥
PADACHEDA
संशोध्य त्रिविधम् मार्गम् षड्विधम् च बलम् स्वकम् । साम्परायिक-कल्पेन यायात् अरि-पुरम् प्रति ॥ ७।१८५॥
TRANSLITERATION
saṃśodhya trividham mārgam ṣaḍvidham ca balam svakam . sāmparāyika-kalpena yāyāt ari-puram prati .. 7.185..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.186. Let him be very much on his guard against a friend who secretly serves the enemy and against (deserters) who return (from the enemy’s camp); for such (men are) the most dangerous foes.
शत्रुसेविनि मित्रे च गूढे युक्ततरो भवेत् । गतप्रत्यागते चैव स हि कष्टतरो रिपुः ॥ ७.१८६॥
PADACHEDA
शत्रु-सेविनि मित्रे च गूढे युक्ततरः भवेत् । गत-प्रत्यागते च एव स हि कष्टतरः रिपुः ॥ ७।१८६॥
TRANSLITERATION
śatru-sevini mitre ca gūḍhe yuktataraḥ bhavet . gata-pratyāgate ca eva sa hi kaṣṭataraḥ ripuḥ .. 7.186..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.187. Let him march on his road, arraying (his troops) like a staff (i.e. in an oblong), or like a waggon (i.e. in a wedge), or like a boar (i.e. in a rhombus), or like a Makara (i.e. in two triangles, with the apices joined), or like a pin (i.e. in a long line), or like a Garuda (i.e. in a rhomboid with far-extended wings).
दण्डव्यूहेन तन् मार्गं यायात्तु शकटेन वा । वराहमकराभ्यां वा सूच्या वा गरुडेन वा ॥ ७.१८७॥
PADACHEDA
दण्ड-व्यूहेन तत् मार्गम् यायात् तु शकटेन वा । वराह-मकराभ्याम् वा सूच्या वा गरुडेन वा ॥ ७।१८७॥
TRANSLITERATION
daṇḍa-vyūhena tat mārgam yāyāt tu śakaṭena vā . varāha-makarābhyām vā sūcyā vā garuḍena vā .. 7.187..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.188. From whatever (side) he apprehends danger, in that (direction) let him extend his troops, and let him always himself encamp in an array, shaped like a lotus.
यतस् च भयम् आशङ्केत् ततस् विस्तारयेत् बलम् । पद्मेन च एव व्यूहेन निविशेत सदा स्वयम् ॥ ७।१८८॥
TRANSLITERATION
yatas ca bhayam āśaṅket tatas vistārayet balam . padmena ca eva vyūhena niviśeta sadā svayam .. 7.188..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.189. Let him allot to the commander-in-chief, to the (subordinate) general, (and to the superior officers) places in all directions, and let him turn his front in that direction whence he fears danger.
senāpati-balādhyakṣau sarva-dikṣu niveśayet . yatas ca bhayam āśaṅket prācīm tām kalpayet diśam .. 7.189..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.190. On all sides let him place troops of soldiers, on whom he can rely, with whom signals have been arranged, who are expert both in sustaining a charge and in charging, fearless and loyal.
गुल्मान् च स्थापयेत् आप्तान् कृत-संज्ञान् समन्ततः । स्थाने युद्धे च कुशलान् अभीरून् अविकारिणः ॥ ७।१९०॥
TRANSLITERATION
gulmān ca sthāpayet āptān kṛta-saṃjñān samantataḥ . sthāne yuddhe ca kuśalān abhīrūn avikāriṇaḥ .. 7.190..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.191. Let him make a small number of soldiers fight in close order, at his pleasure let him extend a large number in loose ranks; or let him make them fight, arranging (a small number) in the needle-array, (and a large
number) in the thunderbolt-array.
saṃhatān yodhayet alpān kāmam vistārayet bahūn . sūcyā vajreṇa ca eva etān vyūhena vyūhya yodhayet .. 7.191..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.192. On even ground let him fight with chariots and horses, in water-bound places with boats and elephants, on (ground) covered with trees and shrubs with bows, on hilly ground with swords, targets, (and other)
weapons.
7.193. (Men born in) Kurukshetra, Matsyas, Pankalas, and those born in Surasena, let him cause to fight in the van of the battle, as well as (others who are) tall and light.
कौरक्षेत्रान् च मत्स्यान् च पञ्चालान् शूरसेन-जान् । दीर्घान् लघून् च एव नरान् अग्र-अनीकेषु योजयेत् ॥ ७।१९३॥
TRANSLITERATION
kaurakṣetrān ca matsyān ca pañcālān śūrasena-jān . dīrghān laghūn ca eva narān agra-anīkeṣu yojayet .. 7.193..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.194. After arranging his troops, he should encourage them (by an address) and carefully inspect them; he should also mark the behaviour (of the soldiers) when they engage the enemy.
भिन्द्यात् च एव तडागानि प्राकार-परिखाः तथा । समवस्कन्दयेत् च एनम् रात्रौ वित्रासयेत् तथा ॥ ७।१९६॥
TRANSLITERATION
bhindyāt ca eva taḍāgāni prākāra-parikhāḥ tathā . samavaskandayet ca enam rātrau vitrāsayet tathā .. 7.196..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.197. Let him instigate to rebellion those who are open to such instigations, let him be informed of his (foe’s) doings, and, when fate is propitious, let him fight without fear, trying to conquer.
उपजप्यानुपजपेद्बुध्येतैव च तत्कृतम् । युक्ते च दैवे युध्येत जयप्रेप्सुरपेतभीः ॥ ७.१९७॥
PADACHEDA
उपजप्य अन् उपजपेत् बुध्येत एव च तत् कृतम् । युक्ते च दैवे युध्येत जय-प्रेप्सुः अपेत-भीः ॥ ७।१९७॥
TRANSLITERATION
upajapya an upajapet budhyeta eva ca tat kṛtam . yukte ca daive yudhyeta jaya-prepsuḥ apeta-bhīḥ .. 7.197..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.198. He should (however) try to conquer his foes by conciliation, by (well-applied) gifts, and by creating dissension, used either separately or conjointly, never by fighting, (if it can be avoided.)
7.200. (But) if even those three before-mentioned expedients fail, then let him, duly exerting himself, fight in such a manner that he may completely conquer his enemies.
7.201. When he has gained victory, let him duly worship the gods and honour righteous Brahmanas, let him grant exemptions, and let him cause promises of safety to be proclaimed.
जित्वा सम्पूजयेद्देवान् ब्राह्मणांश्चैव धार्मिकान् । प्रदद्यात्परिहारार्थं ख्यापयेदभयानि च ॥ ७.२०१॥
PADACHEDA
जित्वा सम्पूजयेत् देवान् ब्राह्मणान् च एव धार्मिकान् । प्रदद्यात् परिहार-अर्थम् ख्यापयेत् अभयानि च ॥ ७।२०१॥
TRANSLITERATION
jitvā sampūjayet devān brāhmaṇān ca eva dhārmikān . pradadyāt parihāra-artham khyāpayet abhayāni ca .. 7.201..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.202. But having fully ascertained the wishes of all the (conquered), let him place there a relative of the (vanquished ruler on the throne), and let him impose his conditions.
sarveṣām tu viditvā eṣām samāsena cikīrṣitam . sthāpayet tatra tad-vaṃśyam kuryāt ca samaya-kriyām .. 7.202..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.203. Let him make authoritative the lawful (customs) of the (inhabitants), just as they are stated (to be), and let him honour the (new king) and his chief servants with precious gifts.
प्रमाणानि च कुर्वीत तेषाम् धर्मान् यथा उदितान् । रत्नैः च पूजयेत् एनम् प्रधान-पुरुषैः सह ॥ ७।२०३॥
TRANSLITERATION
pramāṇāni ca kurvīta teṣām dharmān yathā uditān . ratnaiḥ ca pūjayet enam pradhāna-puruṣaiḥ saha .. 7.203..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.204. The seizure of desirable property which causes displeasure, and its distribution which causes pleasure,
are both recommendable, (if they are) resorted to at the proper time.
7.205. All undertakings (in) this (world) depend both on the ordering of fate and on human exertion; but among these two (the ways of) fate are unfathomable; in the case of man’s work action is possible.
sarvam karma edam āyattam vidhāne daiva-mānuṣe . tayoḥ daivam acintyam tu mānuṣe vidyate kriyā .. 7.205..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.206. Or (the king, bent on conquest), considering a friend, gold, and land (to be) the triple result (of an expedition), may, using diligent care, make peace with (his foe) and return (to his realm).
पार्ष्णिग्राहं च सम्प्रेक्ष्य तथाक्रन्दं च मण्डले । मित्रादथाप्यमित्राद्वा यात्राफलमवाप्नुयात् ॥ ७.२०७॥
PADACHEDA
पार्ष्णिग्राहम् च सम्प्रेक्ष्य तथा आक्रन्दम् च मण्डले । मित्रात् अथ अपि अमित्रात् वा यात्रा-फलम् अवाप्नुयात् ॥ ७।२०७॥
TRANSLITERATION
pārṣṇigrāham ca samprekṣya tathā ākrandam ca maṇḍale . mitrāt atha api amitrāt vā yātrā-phalam avāpnuyāt .. 7.207..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.207. Having paid due attention to any king in the circle (of neighbouring states) who might attack him in the rear, and to his supporter who opposes the latter, let (the conqueror) secure the fruit of the expedition from (the prince whom he attacks), whether (he may have become) friendly or (remained) hostile.
हिरण्य-भूमि-सम्प्राप्त्या पार्थिवः न तथा एधते । यथा मित्रम् ध्रुवम् लब्ध्वा कृशम् अपि आयति-क्षमम् ॥ ७।२०८॥
TRANSLITERATION
hiraṇya-bhūmi-samprāptyā pārthivaḥ na tathā edhate . yathā mitram dhruvam labdhvā kṛśam api āyati-kṣamam .. 7.208..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.208. By gaining gold and land a king grows not so much in strength as by obtaining a firm friend, (who), though weak, (may become) powerful in the future.
धर्मज्ञं च कृतज्ञं च तुष्टप्रकृतिमेव च । अनुरक्तं स्थिरारम्भं लघुमित्रं प्रशस्यते ॥ ७.२०९॥
PADACHEDA
धर्म-ज्ञम् च कृतज्ञम् च तुष्ट-प्रकृतिम् एव च । अनुरक्तम् स्थिर-आरम्भम् लघु-मित्रम् प्रशस्यते ॥ ७।२०९॥
TRANSLITERATION
dharma-jñam ca kṛtajñam ca tuṣṭa-prakṛtim eva ca . anuraktam sthira-ārambham laghu-mitram praśasyate .. 7.209..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.209. A weak friend (even) is greatly commended, who is righteous (and) grateful, whose people are contented, who is attached and persevering in his undertakings.
7.211. Behaviour worthy of an Aryan, knowledge of men, bravery, a compassionate disposition, and great liberality are the virtues of a neutral (who may be courted).
āpad-artham dhanam rakṣet dārān rakṣet dhanaiḥ api . āpad-arthe ātmānam satatam rakṣet dāraiḥ api dhanaiḥ api .. 7.213..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.213. For times of need let him preserve his wealth; at the expense of his wealth let him preserve his wife; let him at all events preserve himself even by (giving up) his wife and his wealth.
सह सर्वाः समुत्पन्नाः प्रसमीक्ष्य आपदः भृशम् । संयुक्तान् च वियुक्तान् च सर्व-उपायान् सृजेत् बुधः ॥ ७।२१४॥
TRANSLITERATION
saha sarvāḥ samutpannāḥ prasamīkṣya āpadaḥ bhṛśam . saṃyuktān ca viyuktān ca sarva-upāyān sṛjet budhaḥ .. 7.214..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.214. A wise (king), seeing that all kinds of misfortunes violently assail him at the same time, should try all (the four) expedients, be it together or separately, (in order to save himself.)
उपेतारमुपेयं च सर्वोपायांश्च कृत्स्नशः । एतत्त्रयं समाश्रित्य प्रयतेतार्थसिद्धये ॥ ७.२१५॥
PADACHEDA
उपेतारम् उपेयम् च सर्व-उपायान् च कृत्स्नशस् । एतत् त्रयम् समाश्रित्य प्रयतेत अर्थ-सिद्धये ॥ ७।२१५॥
TRANSLITERATION
upetāram upeyam ca sarva-upāyān ca kṛtsnaśas . etat trayam samāśritya prayateta artha-siddhaye .. 7.215..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.215. On the person who employs the expedients, on the business to be accomplished, and on all the expedients collectively, on these three let him ponder and strive to accomplish his ends.
evam sarvam idam rājā saha sammantrya mantribhiḥ . vyāyamya āplutya madhyāhne bhoktum antaḥpuram viśet .. 7.216..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.216. Having thus consulted with his ministers on all these (matters), having taken exercise, and having bathed afterwards, the king may enter the harem at midday in order to dine.
tatra ātmabhūtaiḥ kāla-jñaiḥ ahāryaiḥ paricārakaiḥ . su parīkṣitam annādya-madyāt mantraiḥ viṣa-apahaiḥ .. 7.217..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.217. There he may eat food, (which has been prepared) by faithful, incorruptible (servants) who know the
(proper) time (for dining), which has been well examined (and hallowed) by sacred texts that destroy poison.
bhuktavān viharet ca eva strībhiḥ antaḥpure saha . vihṛtya tu yathākālam punar kāryāṇi cintayet .. 7.221..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.221. When he has dined, he may divert himself with his wives in the harem; but when he has diverted himself, he must, in due time, again think of the affairs of state.
अलङ्कृतश्च सम्पश्येदायुधीयं पुनर्जनम् । वाहनानि च सर्वाणि शस्त्राण्याभरणानि च ॥ ७.२२२॥
PADACHEDA
अलङ्कृतः च सम्पश्येत् आयुधीयम् पुनर् जनम् । वाहनानि च सर्वाणि शस्त्राणि आभरणानि च ॥ ७।२२२॥
TRANSLITERATION
alaṅkṛtaḥ ca sampaśyet āyudhīyam punar janam . vāhanāni ca sarvāṇi śastrāṇi ābharaṇāni ca .. 7.222..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.222. Adorned (with his robes of state), let him again inspect his fighting men, all his chariots and beasts of
burden, the weapons and accoutrements.
संध्याम् च उपास्य शृणुयात् अन्तर्वेश्मनि शस्त्रभृत् । रहस्य-आख्यायिनाम् च एव प्रणिधीनाम् च चेष्टितम् ॥ ७।२२३॥
TRANSLITERATION
saṃdhyām ca upāsya śṛṇuyāt antarveśmani śastrabhṛt . rahasya-ākhyāyinām ca eva praṇidhīnām ca ceṣṭitam .. 7.223..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.223. Having performed his twilight-devotions, let him, well armed, hear in an inner apartment the doings of those who make secret reports and of his spies.
gatvā kakṣāntaram tu anyat samanujñāpya tam janam . praviśet bhojana-artham ca strī-vṛtaḥ antaḥpuram punar .. 7.224..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.224. But going to another secret apartment and dismissing those people, he may enter the harem, surrounded
by female (servants), in order to dine again.
tatra bhuktvā punar kim cit tūrya-ghoṣaiḥ praharṣitaḥ . saṃviśet tam yathākālam uttiṣṭhet ca gata-klamaḥ .. 7.255..
ENGLISH MEANING
7.225. Having eaten there something for the second time, and having been recreated by the sound of music, let
him go to rest and rise at the proper time free from fatigue.