ॐ सह नाववतु । सह नौ भुनक्तु । सहवीर्यं करवावहै । तेजस्वि नावधीतमस्तु । मा विद्विषावहै ॥
PADACHEDA
ओम् सह नौ अवतु । सह नौ भुनक्तु । सह वीर्यम् करवावहै । तेजस्वि नौ अधीतम् अस्तु । मा विद्विषावहै ॥
TRANSLITERATION
om saha nau avatu . saha nau bhunaktu . saha vīryam karavāvahai . tejasvi nau adhītam astu . mā vidviṣāvahai ..
ENGLISH MEANING
May He protect us both together (by illumining the nature of knowledge). May He sustain us both (by ensuring the fruits of knowledge). May we attain the vigour (of knowledge) together. Let what we learn enlighten us. Let us not hate each other.
पीतोदका जग्धतृणा दुग्धदोहा निरिन्द्रियाः । अनन्दा नाम ते लोकास्तान् स गच्छति ता ददत् ॥ ३॥
PADACHEDA
पीत-उदकाः जग्ध-तृणाः दुग्ध-दोहाः निरिन्द्रियाः । अनन्दाः नाम ते लोकाः तान् स गच्छति ता ददत् ॥ ३॥
TRANSLITERATION
pīta-udakāḥ jagdha-tṛṇāḥ dugdha-dohāḥ nirindriyāḥ . anandāḥ nāma te lokāḥ tān sa gacchati tā dadat .. 3..
ENGLISH MEANING
Water has been drunk (for the last time by these cows), grass has been eaten (for the last time); they have yielded all their milk, and are devoid of (the power of) the organs. Those worlds are indeed joyless where he goes who offers these.
sa ha uvāca pitaram tata kasmai mām dāsyasi iti . dvitīyam tṛtīyam tam ha uvāca mṛtyave tvā dadāmi iti .. 4..
ENGLISH MEANING
He then said to his parent, "father, to whom wilt thou give me?" A second time and a third time (he said it). To him he (the father) said, "To Death I give thee."
āśā-pratīkṣe saṃgatam sūnṛtām ca iṣṭāpūrte putra-paśūn ca sarvān . etat vṛṅkte puruṣasya alpamedhasaḥ yasya an aśnan vasati brāhmaṇaḥ gṛhe .. 8..
ENGLISH MEANING
Hope, expectation, association with the effects (of these two), pleasant discourse, sacrifice, acts of pious liberality, sons and cattle - all these are destroyed in the case of the man of little intellect in whose house a Brahmana dwells without food.
तिस्रः रात्रीः यत् अवात्सीः गृहे मे अन् अश्नन् ब्रह्मन् अतिथिः नमस्यः । नमः ते अस्तु ब्रह्मन् स्वस्ति मे अस्तु तस्मात् प्रति त्रीन् वरान् वृणीष्व ॥ ९॥
TRANSLITERATION
tisraḥ rātrīḥ yat avātsīḥ gṛhe me an aśnan brahman atithiḥ namasyaḥ . namaḥ te astu brahman svasti me astu tasmāt prati trīn varān vṛṇīṣva .. 9..
ENGLISH MEANING
O Brahmana, since thou, a worshipful guest, hast dwelt in my house for three nights without food, let me make salutation to thee. O Brahmana, may peace be with me. Therefore, ask for three boons in return.
O Death, let Gautama (my father) be relieved of the anxiety, let him become calm in mind and free from anger (towards me), and let him recognise me and talk to me when liberated by thee. Of the three boons, this is the first I choose.
Ouddalaki, the son of Aruna, will recognise thee as before and will, with my permission, sleep peacefully during nights and on seeing thee released from the jaws of Death; he will be free from anger.
स्वर्गे लोके न भयं किंचनास्ति न तत्र त्वं न जरया बिभेति । उभे तीर्त्वाऽशनायापिपासे शोकातिगो मोदते स्वर्गलोके ॥ १२॥
PADACHEDA
स्वर्गे लोके न भयम् किंचन अस्ति न तत्र त्वम् न जरया बिभेति । उभे तीर्त्वा अशनाया-पिपासे शोक-अतिगः मोदते स्वर्ग-लोके ॥ १२॥
TRANSLITERATION
svarge loke na bhayam kiṃcana asti na tatra tvam na jarayā bibheti . ubhe tīrtvā aśanāyā-pipāse śoka-atigaḥ modate svarga-loke .. 12..
ENGLISH MEANING
There is no fear in heaven; nor art thou there; nor is there any fear from old age. Transcending both hunger and thirst and rising above grief, man rejoices in heaven.
O Death, thou knowest the Fire that leads to heaven. Instruct me, who am endowed with faith, about that (Fire) by which those who dwell in heaven attain immortality. This I choose for my second boon.
pra te bravīmi tat u me nibodha svargyam agnim naciketaḥ prajānan . ananta-loka-āptim atho pratiṣṭhām viddhi tvam etam nihitam guhāyām .. 14..
ENGLISH MEANING
I will teach thee well; listen to me and understand, O Nachiketas, I know the Fire that leads to heaven. Know that Fire which is the means for the attainment of heaven and which is the support (of the universe) and located in the cavity.
लोकादिमग्निं तमुवाच तस्मै या इष्टका यावतीर्वा यथा वा । स चापि तत्प्रत्यवदद्यथोक्तं अथास्य मृत्युः पुनरेवाह तुष्टः ॥ १५॥
PADACHEDA
लोक-आदिम् अग्निम् तम् उवाच तस्मै याः इष्टकाः यावतीः वा यथा वा । स च अपि तत् प्रत्यवदत् यथा उक्तम् अथ अस्य मृत्युः पुनर् एव आह तुष्टः ॥ १५॥
TRANSLITERATION
loka-ādim agnim tam uvāca tasmai yāḥ iṣṭakāḥ yāvatīḥ vā yathā vā . sa ca api tat pratyavadat yathā uktam atha asya mṛtyuḥ punar eva āha tuṣṭaḥ .. 15..
ENGLISH MEANING
Death told him of the Fire, the source of the worlds, the sort of bricks (for raising the sacrificial altar), how many, and how (to kindle the fire) and he (Nachiketas) too repeated it as it was told. Then Death, becoming delighted over it, said again:
tam abravīt prīyamāṇaḥ mahātmā varam tava iha adya dadāmi bhūyas . tava eva nāmnā bhavitā ayam agniḥ sṛṅkām ca imām aneka-rūpām gṛhāṇa .. 16..
ENGLISH MEANING
The exalted one, being pleased, said to him: "I grant thee again another boon now. By thy name itself shall this fire be known; and accept thou this necklace of manifold forms".
triṇāciketaḥ tribhiḥ etya sandhim tri-karma-kṛt tarati janma-mṛtyū . devam īḍyam viditvā nicāyya imān śāntim atyantam eti .. 17..
ENGLISH MEANING
Who so kindles the Nachiketas fire thrice and becomes united with the three and does the three-fold karma, transcends birth and death. Knowing the omniscient one, born of Brahma, bright and adorable, and realizing it, he attains to surpassing peace.
He who, knowing the three (form of brick etc.,), piles up the Nachiketa Fire with this knowledge, throws off the chains of death even before (the body falls off), and rising over grief, rejoices in heaven.
This is the Fire, O Nachiketas, which leads to heaven and which thou hast chosen for the second boon. Of this Fire, people will speak as thine indeed. O Nachiketas, choose the third boon.
या इयम् प्रेते विचिकित्सा मनुष्ये अस्ति इति एके न अयम् अस्ति इति च एके । एतद्-विद्याम् अनुशिष्टः त्वया अहम् वराणाम् एष वरः तृतीयः ॥ २०॥
TRANSLITERATION
yā iyam prete vicikitsā manuṣye asti iti eke na ayam asti iti ca eke . etad-vidyām anuśiṣṭaḥ tvayā aham varāṇām eṣa varaḥ tṛtīyaḥ .. 20..
ENGLISH MEANING
This doubt as to what happens to a man after death - some say he is, and some others say he is not, - I shall know being taught by thee. Of the boons, this is the third boon.
देवैरत्रापि विचिकित्सितं पुरा न हि सुविज्ञेयमणुरेष धर्मः । अन्यं वरं नचिकेतो वृणीष्व मा मोपरोत्सीरति मा सृजैनम् ॥ २१॥
PADACHEDA
देवैः अत्रा अपि विचिकित्सितम् पुरा न हि सु विज्ञेयम् अणुः एष धर्मः । अन्यम् वरम् नचिकेतः वृणीष्व मा मा उपरोत्सीरति मा सृज एनम् ॥ २१॥
TRANSLITERATION
devaiḥ atrā api vicikitsitam purā na hi su vijñeyam aṇuḥ eṣa dharmaḥ . anyam varam naciketaḥ vṛṇīṣva mā mā uparotsīrati mā sṛja enam .. 21..
ENGLISH MEANING
Even by the gods this doubt was entertained in days of yore. This topic, being subtle, is not easy to comprehend. Ask for some other boon, O Nachiketas. Don't press me; give up this (boon) for me.
देवैरत्रापि विचिकित्सितं किल त्वं च मृत्यो यन्न सुज्ञेयमात्थ । वक्ता चास्य त्वादृगन्यो न लभ्यो नान्यो वरस्तुल्य एतस्य कश्चित् ॥ २२॥
PADACHEDA
देवैः अत्रा अपि विचिकित्सितम् किल त्वम् च मृत्यो यत् न सु ज्ञेयम् आत्थ । वक्ता च अस्य त्वादृश् अन्यः न लभ्यः न अन्यः वरः तुल्यः एतस्य कश्चिद् ॥ २२॥
TRANSLITERATION
devaiḥ atrā api vicikitsitam kila tvam ca mṛtyo yat na su jñeyam āttha . vaktā ca asya tvādṛś anyaḥ na labhyaḥ na anyaḥ varaḥ tulyaḥ etasya kaścid .. 22..
ENGLISH MEANING
(Nachiketas said:) Since even by the gods was doubt entertained in this regard and (since) thou sayest, O Death, that this is not easily comprehended, no other preceptor like thee can be had to instruct on this nor is there any other boon equal to this.
Ask for sons and grandsons who will live a hundred years. Ask for herds of cattle, elephants gold and horses, as also for a vast extent of earth and thyself live for as many autumns as thou desirest.
If thou thinkest any other boon to be equal to this, ask for wealth and longevity. Be thou the ruler over a vast country, O Nachiketas; I shall make thee enjoy all thy longings.
ये ये कामा दुर्लभा मर्त्यलोके सर्वान् कामाँश्छन्दतः प्रार्थयस्व । इमा रामाः सरथाः सतूर्या न हीदृशा लम्भनीया मनुष्यैः । आभिर्मत्प्रत्ताभिः परिचारयस्व नचिकेतो मरणं माऽनुप्राक्षीः ॥ २५॥
PADACHEDA
ये ये कामाः दुर्लभाः मर्त्य-लोके सर्वान् कामान् छन्दतः प्रार्थयस्व । इमाः रामाः स रथाः स तूर्या न हि ईदृशाः लम्भनीयाः मनुष्यैः । आभिः मद्-प्रत्ताभिः परिचारयस्व नचिकेतः मरणम् मा अनुप्राक्षीः ॥ २५॥
TRANSLITERATION
ye ye kāmāḥ durlabhāḥ martya-loke sarvān kāmān chandataḥ prārthayasva . imāḥ rāmāḥ sa rathāḥ sa tūryā na hi īdṛśāḥ lambhanīyāḥ manuṣyaiḥ . ābhiḥ mad-prattābhiḥ paricārayasva naciketaḥ maraṇam mā anuprākṣīḥ .. 25..
ENGLISH MEANING
What all things there are in the human world which is desirable, but hard to win, pray for all those desirable things according to thy pleasure. Here are these damsels with the chariots and lutes, the like of whom can never be had by men. By them, given by me, get thy services rendered, O Nachiketas, do not ask about death.
śvobhāvāḥ martyasya yat antaka etat sarva-iṃdriyāṇām jarayanti tejaḥ . api sarvam jīvitam alpam eva tava eva vāhāḥ tava nṛtya-gīte .. 26..
ENGLISH MEANING
These, O Death, are ephemeral and they tend to wear out the vigour of all the senses of man. Even the whole life is short indeed. Be thine alone the chariots; be thine the dance and music.
na vittena tarpaṇīyaḥ manuṣyaḥ lapsyāmahe vittam adrākṣma ced tvā . jīviṣyāmaḥ yāvat īśiṣyasi tvam varaḥ tu me varaṇīyaḥ saḥ eva .. 27..
ENGLISH MEANING
Man cannot be satisfied with wealth. If we need wealth, we shall get it if we only see thee. We shall live until such time as thou wilt rule. But the boon to be asked for (by me) is that alone.
ajīryatām amṛtānām upetya jīryan martyaḥ ku adhas sthaḥ prajānan . abhidhyāyan varṇa-rati-pramodān ati dīrghe jīvite kaḥ rameta .. 28..
ENGLISH MEANING
Having gained contact with the un-decaying and the immortal, what decaying mortal dwelling on the earth below who knows the higher goal, will delight in long life, after becoming aware of the (transitoriness of) beauty (Varian) and sport (rati) and the joy (pramoda) thereof.
yasmin idam vicikitsanti mṛtyo yat sāmparāye mahati brūhi naḥ tat . yaḥ ayam varaḥ gūḍham anupraviṣṭaḥ na anyam tasmāt naciketāḥ vṛṇīte .. 29..
ENGLISH MEANING
O Death, tell us of that, of the great Beyond, about which man entertain doubt. Nachiketas does not pray for any other boon than this which enters into the secret that is hidden.
अन्यत् श्रेयः अन्यत् उत एव प्रेयः ते उभे नाना अर्थे पुरुषम् सिनीतः । तयोः श्रेयः आददानस्य साधु भवति हीयते अर्थात् यः उ प्रेयः वृणीते ॥ १॥
TRANSLITERATION
anyat śreyaḥ anyat uta eva preyaḥ te ubhe nānā arthe puruṣam sinītaḥ . tayoḥ śreyaḥ ādadānasya sādhu bhavati hīyate arthāt yaḥ u preyaḥ vṛṇīte .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
Different is (that which is) preferable; and different, indeed, is the pleasurable. These two, serving different purposes, blind man. Good accrues to him who, of these two, chooses the preferable. He who chooses the pleasurable falls from the goal.
श्रेयः च प्रेयः च मनुष्यम् एतः तौ सम्परीत्य विविनक्ति धीरः । श्रेयः हि धीरः अभि प्रेयसः वृणीते प्रेयः मन्दः योगक्षेमात् वृणीते ॥ २॥
TRANSLITERATION
śreyaḥ ca preyaḥ ca manuṣyam etaḥ tau samparītya vivinakti dhīraḥ . śreyaḥ hi dhīraḥ abhi preyasaḥ vṛṇīte preyaḥ mandaḥ yogakṣemāt vṛṇīte .. 2..
ENGLISH MEANING
The preferable and the pleasurable approach man. The intelligent one examines both and separates them. Yea, the intelligent one prefers the preferable to the pleasurable, (whereas) the ignorant one selects the pleasurable for the sake of yoga (attainment of that which is not already possessed) and kshema (the preservation of that which is already in possession).
स त्वम् प्रियान् प्रिय-रूपान् च कामान् । न एताम् सृङ्काम् वित्त-मयीम् अवाप्तः यस्याम् मज्जन्ति बहवः मनुष्याः ॥ ३॥
TRANSLITERATION
sa tvam priyān priya-rūpān ca kāmān . na etām sṛṅkām vitta-mayīm avāptaḥ yasyām majjanti bahavaḥ manuṣyāḥ .. 3..
ENGLISH MEANING
Thou hast relinquished, O Nachiketas, all objects of desire, dear and of covetable nature, pondering over their worthlessness. Thou hast not accepted the path of wealth in which perish many a mortal.
What is known as ignorance and what is known as knowledge are highly opposed (to each other), and lead to different ways. I consider Nachiketas to be aspiring after knowledge, for desires, numerous though they be, did not tear thee away.
Living in the midst of ignorance and deeming themselves intelligent and enlightened, the ignorant go round and round staggering in crooked paths, like the blind led by the blind.
न साम्परायः प्रतिभाति बालं प्रमाद्यन्तं वित्तमोहेन मूढम् । अयं लोको नास्ति पर इति मानी पुनः पुनर्वशमापद्यते मे ॥ ६॥
PADACHEDA
न साम्परायः प्रतिभाति बालम् प्रमाद्यन्तम् वित्त-मोहेन मूढम् । अयम् लोकः न अस्ति परः इति मानी पुनर् पुनर् वशम् आपद्यते मे ॥ ६॥
TRANSLITERATION
na sāmparāyaḥ pratibhāti bālam pramādyantam vitta-mohena mūḍham . ayam lokaḥ na asti paraḥ iti mānī punar punar vaśam āpadyate me .. 6..
ENGLISH MEANING
The means of attaining the other world does not become revealed to the non-discriminating one who, deluded by wealth, has become negligent. He who thinks, 'this world alone is and none else' comes to my thraldom again and again.
śravaṇāya api bahubhiḥ yaḥ na labhyaḥ śṛṇvantaḥ api bahavaḥ yam na vidyuḥ . āścaryaḥ vaktā kuśalaḥ asya labdhā āścaryaḥ jñātā kuśala-anuśiṣṭaḥ .. 7..
ENGLISH MEANING
Of the Self many are not even able to hear; Him many, though they hear, do not comprehend. Wonderful is the expounder of the Self and attainer, proficient. The knower (of the Self) taught by an able preceptor is wonderful.
न नरेण अवरेण प्रोक्तः एष सु विज्ञेयः बहुधा चिन्त्यमानः । अन् अन्य-प्रोक्ते गतिः अत्र न अस्ति अणीयान् हि अतर्क्यम् अणु-प्रमाणात् ॥ ८॥
TRANSLITERATION
na nareṇa avareṇa proktaḥ eṣa su vijñeyaḥ bahudhā cintyamānaḥ . an anya-prokte gatiḥ atra na asti aṇīyān hi atarkyam aṇu-pramāṇāt .. 8..
ENGLISH MEANING
This (Self), if taught by an inferior person, is not easily comprehended, for It is variously thought of. Unless taught by another (who is a perceiver of non-difference) there is no way (of comprehending It), for It is not arguable and is subtler than subtlety.
na eṣā tarkeṇa matiḥ āpaneyā proktā anyena eva su jñānāya preṣṭha . yām tvam āpaḥ satya-dhṛtiḥ bata asi tvādṛś naḥ bhūyāt naciketaḥ praṣṭā .. 9..
ENGLISH MEANING
This (knowledge of the Self) attained by thee cannot be had through argumentation. O dearest, this doctrine, only if taught by some teacher (other than a logician), leads to right knowledge. O, thou art rooted in truth. May a questioner be ever like thee, O Nachiketas.
जानाम्यहं शेवधिरित्यनित्यं न ह्यध्रुवैः प्राप्यते हि ध्रुवं तत् । ततो मया नाचिकेतश्चितोऽग्निः अनित्यैर्द्रव्यैः प्राप्तवानस्मि नित्यम् ॥ १०॥
PADACHEDA
जानामि अहम् शेवधिः इति अनित्यम् न हि अध्रुवैः प्राप्यते हि ध्रुवम् तत् । ततस् मया नाचिकेतः चितः अग्निः अनित्यैः द्रव्यैः प्राप्तवान् अस्मि नित्यम् ॥ १०॥
TRANSLITERATION
jānāmi aham śevadhiḥ iti anityam na hi adhruvaiḥ prāpyate hi dhruvam tat . tatas mayā nāciketaḥ citaḥ agniḥ anityaiḥ dravyaiḥ prāptavān asmi nityam .. 10..
ENGLISH MEANING
I know that the treasure is impermanent, for that which is constant cannot be reached by things which are not constant. Therefore, has the Nachiketa Fire been kindled by me with impermanent things, and I have attained the eternal.
The fulfillment of all desires, the support of the universe, the endless fruits of sacrifice, the other shore of fearlessness, the extensive path which is praiseworthy and great, as also (thy own exalted) state - seeing all these thou hast, intelligent as thou art, boldly rejected (them).
tam durdarśam gūḍham anupraviṣṭam guhā-hitam gahvareṣṭham purāṇam . adhyātma-yoga-adhigamena devam matvā dhīraḥ harṣa-śokau jahāti .. 12..
ENGLISH MEANING
The intelligent one, knowing through concentration of mind the Self that is hard to perceive, lodged in the innermost recess, located in intelligence, seated amidst misery, and ancient, abandons joy and grief.
Having heard this and grasped it well, the mortal, separating the virtuous being (from the body etc.,) and attaining this subtle Self, rejoices having obtained that which causes joy. The abode (of Brahman), I think, is wide open unto Nachiketas.
sarve vedāḥ yat padam āmananti tapām̐si sarvāṇi ca yat vadanti . yat icchantaḥ brahmacaryam caranti tat te padam saṅgraheṇa bravīmi om iti etat .. 15..
ENGLISH MEANING
The goal which all the Vedas expound, which all austerities declare, and desiring which aspirants resort to Brahmacharya, that goal, I tell thee briefly: It is this - Om.
एतत् हि एव अक्षरम् ब्रह्म एतत् हि एव अक्षरम् परम् । एतत् हि एव अक्षरम् ज्ञात्वा यः यत् इच्छति तस्य तत् ॥ १६॥
TRANSLITERATION
etat hi eva akṣaram brahma etat hi eva akṣaram param . etat hi eva akṣaram jñātvā yaḥ yat icchati tasya tat .. 16..
ENGLISH MEANING
This syllable (Om) indeed is the (lower) Brahman; this syllable indeed is the higher Brahman; whosoever knows this syllable, indeed, attains whatsoever he desires.
न जायते म्रियते वा विपश्चि- न्नायं कुतश्चिन्न बभूव कश्चित् । अजो नित्यः शाश्वतोऽयं पुराणो न हन्यते हन्यमाने शरीरे ॥ १८॥
PADACHEDA
न जायते म्रियते वा विपश्चित् न अयम् कुतश्चिद् न बभूव कश्चिद् । अजः नित्यः शाश्वतः अयम् पुराणः न हन्यते हन्यमाने शरीरे ॥ १८॥
TRANSLITERATION
na jāyate mriyate vā vipaścit na ayam kutaścid na babhūva kaścid . ajaḥ nityaḥ śāśvataḥ ayam purāṇaḥ na hanyate hanyamāne śarīre .. 18..
ENGLISH MEANING
The intelligent Self is not born, nor does It die. It did not come from anywhere, nor did anything come from It. It is unborn, eternal, everlasting and ancient, and is not slain even when the body is slain.
aṇoḥ aṇīyān mahataḥ mahīyāḥ na ātmā asya jantoḥ nihitaḥ guhāyām . tam akratuḥ paśyati vīta-śokaḥ dhātu-prasādāt mahimānam ātmanaḥ .. 20..
ENGLISH MEANING
The Self that is subtler than the subtle and greater than the great is seated in the heart of every creature. One who is free from desire sees the glory of the Self through the tranquility of the mind and senses and becomes absolved from grief.
The intelligent one having known the Self to be bodiless in (all) bodies, to be firmly seated in things that are perishable, and to be great and all-pervading, does not grieve.
नायमात्मा प्रवचनेन लभ्यो न मेधया न बहुना श्रुतेन । यमेवैष वृणुते तेन लभ्यः तस्यैष आत्मा विवृणुते तनूꣳ स्वाम् ॥ २३॥
PADACHEDA
न अयम् आत्मा प्रवचनेन लभ्यः न मेधया न बहुना श्रुतेन । यम् एव एष वृणुते तेन लभ्यः तस्य एषः आत्मा विवृणुते तनूम् स्वाम् ॥ २३॥
TRANSLITERATION
na ayam ātmā pravacanena labhyaḥ na medhayā na bahunā śrutena . yam eva eṣa vṛṇute tena labhyaḥ tasya eṣaḥ ātmā vivṛṇute tanūm svām .. 23..
ENGLISH MEANING
The Self cannot be attained by the study of the Vedas, not by intelligence nor by much hearing. Only by him who seeks to know the Self can It be attained. To him the Self reveals Its own nature.
न अ विरतः दुश्चरितात् न अ शान्तः न अ समाहितः । न अ शान्त-मानसः वा अपि प्रज्ञानेन एनम् आप्नुयात् ॥ २४॥
TRANSLITERATION
na a virataḥ duścaritāt na a śāntaḥ na a samāhitaḥ . na a śānta-mānasaḥ vā api prajñānena enam āpnuyāt .. 24..
ENGLISH MEANING
None who has not refrained from bad conduct, whose senses are not under restraint, whose mind is not collected or who does not preserve a tranquil mind, can attain this Self through knowledge.
ऋतं पिबन्तौ सुकृतस्य लोके गुहां प्रविष्टौ परमे परार्धे । छायातपौ ब्रह्मविदो वदन्ति पञ्चाग्नयो ये च त्रिणाचिकेताः ॥ १॥
PADACHEDA
ऋतम् पिबन्तौ सुकृतस्य लोके गुहाम् प्रविष्टौ परमे परार्धे । छाया-आतपौ ब्रह्म-विदः वदन्ति पञ्च-अग्नयः ये च त्रिणाचिकेताः ॥ १॥
TRANSLITERATION
ṛtam pibantau sukṛtasya loke guhām praviṣṭau parame parārdhe . chāyā-ātapau brahma-vidaḥ vadanti pañca-agnayaḥ ye ca triṇāciketāḥ .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
The knowers of Brahman and those who kindle the five fires and propitiate the Nachiketa Fire thrice, speak of as light and shade, the two that enjoy the results of righteous deeds, entering within the body, into the innermost cavity (of the heart), the supreme abode (of Brahman).
May we be able to know the Nachiketa Fire which is the bridge for the sacrificers, as also the imperishable Brahman, fearless, as well as the other shore for those who are desirous of crossing (the ocean of samsara).
The senses they speak of as the horses; the objects within their view, the way. When the Self is yoked with the mind and the senses, the wise call It the enjoyer.
But who so is devoid of discrimination and is possessed of a mind ever uncollected - his senses are uncontrollable like the vicious horses of a driver.
यस्त्वविज्ञानवान्भवत्यमनस्कः सदाऽशुचिः । न स तत्पदमाप्नोति संसारं चाधिगच्छति ॥ ७॥
PADACHEDA
यः तु अविज्ञानवान् भवति अमनस्कः सदा अशुचिः । न स तत् पदम् आप्नोति संसारम् च अधिगच्छति ॥ ७॥
TRANSLITERATION
yaḥ tu avijñānavān bhavati amanaskaḥ sadā aśuciḥ . na sa tat padam āpnoti saṃsāram ca adhigacchati .. 7..
ENGLISH MEANING
But who so is devoid of a discriminating intellect, possessed of an unrestrained mind and is ever impure, does not attain that goal, but goes to samsara.
vijñāna-sārathiḥ yaḥ tu manaḥ pragrahavān naraḥ . saḥ adhvanaḥ pāram āpnoti tat viṣṇoḥ paramam padam .. 9..
ENGLISH MEANING
But the man who has a discriminating intellect as his driver, and a controlled-mind as the reins, reaches the end of the path - that supreme state of Vishnu.
इन्द्रियेभ्यः पराः हि अर्थाः अर्थेभ्यः च परम् मनः । मनसः तु परा बुद्धिः बुद्धेः आत्मा महान् परः ॥ १०॥
TRANSLITERATION
indriyebhyaḥ parāḥ hi arthāḥ arthebhyaḥ ca param manaḥ . manasaḥ tu parā buddhiḥ buddheḥ ātmā mahān paraḥ .. 10..
ENGLISH MEANING
The sensory objects are subtler than the senses, and subtler than the sensory objects is mind. But intellect is subtler than mind and subtler than intellect is Mahat (the Hiranyagarbha).
The un-manifested (avyakta) is subtler than Mahat (Hiranyagarbha) and subtler than the un-manifested is Purusha. There is nothing subtler than Purusha. That is the end that is the supreme goal.
yacchet vāc-manasī prājñaḥ tat yacchet jñāne ātmani . jñānam ātmani mahati niyacchet tat yacchet śānte ātmani .. 13..
ENGLISH MEANING
Let the wise man merge speech in his mind, merge that (mind) into the intelligent self and the intelligent self into the Mahat. (Let him then) merge the Mahat into the peaceful Self.
By knowing that which is soundless, touchless, formless, un-decaying, so also tasteless, eternal, odourless, beginningless, endless, subtler than Mahat and constant, man is liberated from the jaws of death.
Whoso, becoming pure, causes this supreme secret to be recited before am assembly of the Brahmanas, or at the time of Sraddha, that (ceremony) secures for him infinite results, secures infinite results.
The self-existent damned the out-going senses. Therefore one sees externally and not the internal Self. Someone (who is) intelligent, with his eyes turned away, desirous of immortality, sees the inner Self.
The unintelligent go after outward pleasures; they fall into the meshes of wide-spread death. But the intelligent, having known immortality to be constant, never covet here objects that are inconstant.
yena rūpam rasam gandham śabdān sparśān ca maithunān . etena eva vijānāti kim atra pariśiṣyate . etat vai tat .. 3..
ENGLISH MEANING
By the self (a man knows) form, taste, odour, sound, touch, and the sexual joy. What remains here (unknowable to the Self)? This verily is that (thou seekest).
स्वप्न-अन्तम् जागरित-अन्तम् च उभौ येन अनुपश्यति । महान्तम् विभुम् आत्मानम् मत्वा धीरः न शोचति ॥ ४॥
TRANSLITERATION
svapna-antam jāgarita-antam ca ubhau yena anupaśyati . mahāntam vibhum ātmānam matvā dhīraḥ na śocati .. 4..
ENGLISH MEANING
Knowing that great and all-pervading Self by which one sees (the objects) both in the sleep and the waking states, the intelligent man grieves no more.
yaḥ imam madhvadam veda ātmānam jīvam antikāt . īśānam bhūta-bhavyasya na tatas vijugupsate . etat vai tat .. 5..
ENGLISH MEANING
Who so knows the self closely, the honey-eater, the supporter of the vital airs and the lord of the past and the future, will not henceforward protect himself. This verily is that (thou seekest).
yaḥ pūrvam tapasaḥ jātam adbhyaḥ pūrvam ajāyata . guhām praviśya tiṣṭhantam yaḥ bhūtebhiḥ vyapaśyata . etat vai tat .. 6..
ENGLISH MEANING
He who perceives the First-born that came into being from Tapas (Brahman) before the waters, and that, entering into the cavity of the heart, is seated there, he perceives that very Brahman. This verily is that (thou seekest).
या प्राणेन संभवत्यदितिर्देवतामयी । गुहां प्रविश्य तिष्ठन्तीं या भूतेभिर्व्यजायत । एतद्वै तत् ॥ ७॥
PADACHEDA
या प्राणेन संभवति अदितिः देवता-मयी । गुहाम् प्रविश्य तिष्ठन्तीम् या भूतेभिः व्यजायत । एतत् वै तत् ॥ ७॥
TRANSLITERATION
yā prāṇena saṃbhavati aditiḥ devatā-mayī . guhām praviśya tiṣṭhantīm yā bhūtebhiḥ vyajāyata . etat vai tat .. 7..
ENGLISH MEANING
(He who perceives) this Aditi that comes into being as the Prana, comprising all the gods, that is manifested along with the elements, and that, entering into the cavity of the heart, is seated there, he perceives that very Brahman. This verily is that (thou seekest).
araṇyoḥ nihitaḥ jātavedāḥ garbhaḥ iva su bhṛtaḥ garbhiṇībhiḥ . dive dive īḍyaḥ jāgṛvadbhiḥ haviṣmadbhiḥ manuṣyebhiḥ agniḥ . etat vai tat .. 8..
ENGLISH MEANING
The (sacrificial) fire lodged in the two aranis, even as the foetus is carefully borne by the pregnant woman, is fit to be worshipped every day by men who are wakeful and possessed of oblation. This verily is that (thou seekest).
अङ्गुष्ठमात्रः पुरुषो मध्य आत्मनि तिष्ठति । ईशानं भूतभव्यस्य न ततो विजुगुप्सते । एतद्वै तत् ॥ १२॥
PADACHEDA
अङ्गुष्ठ-मात्रः पुरुषः मध्ये आत्मनि तिष्ठति । ईशानम् भूत-भव्यस्य न ततस् विजुगुप्सते । एतत् वै तत् ॥ १२॥
TRANSLITERATION
aṅguṣṭha-mātraḥ puruṣaḥ madhye ātmani tiṣṭhati . īśānam bhūta-bhavyasya na tatas vijugupsate . etat vai tat .. 12..
ENGLISH MEANING
The Purusha, of the size of a thumb, dwells in the body. (Realizing Him as) the Lord of the past and the future, one does not (henceforward) want to protect oneself. This verily is that (thou seekest).
aṅguṣṭha-mātraḥ puruṣaḥ jyotiḥ iva adhūmakaḥ . īśānaḥ bhūta-bhavyasya saḥ eva adya saḥ u śvas . etat vai tat .. 13..
ENGLISH MEANING
The Purusha of the size of a thumb is like a smokeless flame and is the Lord of the past and the future. He certainly exists now and shall certainly exist tomorrow. This verily is that (thou seekest).
पुरम् एकादश-द्वारम् अजस्य अवक्र-चेतसः । अनुष्ठाय न शोचति विमुक्तः च विमुच्यते । एतत् वै तत् ॥ १॥
TRANSLITERATION
puram ekādaśa-dvāram ajasya avakra-cetasaḥ . anuṣṭhāya na śocati vimuktaḥ ca vimucyate . etat vai tat .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
The city of the unborn whose knowledge is like the light of the sun, consists of eleven gates. Meditating on Him, one does not grieve and, becoming free (from bondage), one becomes liberated. This verily is that (thou seekest).
As mover (sun), He dwells in heaven; (as air), He pervades everything and dwells in inter-space; as fire, on the earth; as guest, in the houses; He dwells in men; dwells in the gods; dwells in truth and dwells in space. He is all that is born in water, all that is born on earth, all that is born in sacrifices and all that is born on the mountains; He is unchanging and great.
yaḥ eṣa supteṣu jāgarti kāmam kāmam puruṣaḥ nirmimāṇaḥ . tat eva śukram tat brahma tat eva amṛtam ucyate . tasmin lokāḥ śritāḥ sarve tat u na atyeti kaścana . etat vai tat .. 8..
ENGLISH MEANING
This Purusha who is awake when all are asleep, creating all things cherished, is certainly pure; that is Brahman; that is called the Immortal. All worlds are strung on that; none passes beyond that. This verily is that (thou seekest).
Just as fire, though one, having entered the world, assumes a separate form in respect of every form, so does the in-dwelling Self of all beings, though one, assume a form in respect of every form, and is outside it.
Just as wind, though one, having entered the world, assumes a separate form in respect of each form, so does the in-dwelling Self of all beings, though one, assumes a form in respect of every form and is outside it.
सूर्यो यथा सर्वलोकस्य चक्षुः न लिप्यते चाक्षुषैर्बाह्यदोषैः । एकस्तथा सर्वभूतान्तरात्मा न लिप्यते लोकदुःखेन बाह्यः ॥ ११॥
PADACHEDA
सूर्यः यथा सर्व-लोकस्य चक्षुः न लिप्यते चाक्षुषैः बाह्य-दोषैः । एकः तथा सर्व-भूत-अन्तरात्मा न लिप्यते लोक-दुःखेन बाह्यः ॥ ११॥
TRANSLITERATION
sūryaḥ yathā sarva-lokasya cakṣuḥ na lipyate cākṣuṣaiḥ bāhya-doṣaiḥ . ekaḥ tathā sarva-bhūta-antarātmā na lipyate loka-duḥkhena bāhyaḥ .. 11..
ENGLISH MEANING
Just as the sun, which is the eye of the entire world, is not tainted by the external impurities seen by the eyes, so also, the in-dwelling Self of all beings, though one, is not tainted by the sorrows of the world, It being external.
ekaḥ vaśī sarva-bhūta-antarātmā ekam rūpam bahudhā yaḥ karoti . tam ātma-stham ye anupaśyanti dhīrāḥ teṣām sukham śāśvatam na itareṣām .. 12..
ENGLISH MEANING
Eternal happiness belongs to the intelligent - not to others - who realize in their hearts Him who is one, the controller and the in-dwelling Self of all beings, and who makes the one form manifold.
nityaḥ anityānām cetanaḥ cetanānām ekaḥ bahūnām yaḥ vidadhāti kāmān . tam ātma-stham ye anupaśyanti dhīrāḥ teṣām śāntiḥ śāśvatī na itareṣām .. 13..
ENGLISH MEANING
Who so among the intelligent realize the Self in the (inner space of the) heart as the eternal among the ephemeral, the consciousness among the conscious, who, though one, dispenses the desired objects to many, to them belongs eternal peace, not to others.
tat etat iti manyante anirdeśyam paramam sukham . katham nu tat vijānīyām kimu bhāti vibhāti vā .. 14..
ENGLISH MEANING
How shall I know that indescribable and supreme Bliss which they think of as 'This'? Is It self-luminous or does It shine distinctly, (making Itself perceptible to the intellect), or does It not?
न तत्र सूर्यो भाति न चन्द्रतारकं नेमा विद्युतो भान्ति कुतोऽयमग्निः । तमेव भान्तमनुभाति सर्वं तस्य भासा सर्वमिदं विभाति ॥ १५॥
PADACHEDA
न तत्र सूर्यः भाति न चन्द्र-तारकम् न इमाः विद्युतः भान्ति कुतस् अयम् अग्निः । तम् एव सर्वम् तस्य भासा सर्वम् इदम् विभाति ॥ १५॥
TRANSLITERATION
na tatra sūryaḥ bhāti na candra-tārakam na imāḥ vidyutaḥ bhānti kutas ayam agniḥ . tam eva sarvam tasya bhāsā sarvam idam vibhāti .. 15..
ENGLISH MEANING
There the sun shines not, nor do the moon and the stars, nor do these lightnings. How (then) can this fire (shine)? Everything shines after Him that shines. By His light shines all this.
ūrdhva-mūlaḥ avāc-śākhaḥ eṣaḥ aśvatthaḥ sanātanaḥ . tat eva śukram tat brahma tat eva amṛtam ucyate . tasmin lokāḥ śritāḥ sarve tat u na atyeti kaścana . etat vai tat .. 1..
ENGLISH MEANING
This peepul tree with root above and branches down is eternal. That (which is its source) is certainly pure; that is Brahman and that is called immortal. On that are strung all the worlds; none passes beyond that. This verily is that (thou seekest).
यदिदं किं च जगत् सर्वं प्राण एजति निःसृतम् । महद्भयं वज्रमुद्यतं य एतद्विदुरमृतास्ते भवन्ति ॥ २॥
PADACHEDA
यत् इदम् किम् च जगत् सर्वम् प्राणे एजति निःसृतम् । महत् भयम् वज्रम् उद्यतम् ये एतत् विदुः अमृताः ते भवन्ति ॥ २॥
TRANSLITERATION
yat idam kim ca jagat sarvam prāṇe ejati niḥsṛtam . mahat bhayam vajram udyatam ye etat viduḥ amṛtāḥ te bhavanti .. 2..
ENGLISH MEANING
All this universe, evolved (from Brahman), moves in prana (in Brahman); the most frightful like an uplifted thunderbolt. Those who know this become immortal.
भयात् अस्य अग्निः तपति भयात् तपति सूर्यः । भयात् इन्द्रः च वायुः च मृत्युः धावति पञ्चमः ॥ ३॥
TRANSLITERATION
bhayāt asya agniḥ tapati bhayāt tapati sūryaḥ . bhayāt indraḥ ca vāyuḥ ca mṛtyuḥ dhāvati pañcamaḥ .. 3..
ENGLISH MEANING
For fear of Him, fire burns; For fear of Him, shines the sun; For fear of Him, Indra and Vayu function; For fear of Him, death, the fifth, stalks on the earth.
As in a mirror, so in one's intellect; as in a dream, so in the world of manes; as seen in water, so in the world of the Gandharvas; as in the case of shade and light, so in the world of Brahma.
इन्द्रियाणां पृथग्भावमुदयास्तमयौ च यत् । पृथगुत्पद्यमानानां मत्वा धीरो न शोचति ॥ ६॥
PADACHEDA
इन्द्रियाणाम् पृथग्भावम् उदय-अस्तमयौ च यत् । पृथक् उत्पद्यमानानाम् मत्वा धीरः न शोचति ॥ ६॥
TRANSLITERATION
indriyāṇām pṛthagbhāvam udaya-astamayau ca yat . pṛthak utpadyamānānām matvā dhīraḥ na śocati .. 6..
ENGLISH MEANING
The intelligent man, having known the different nature of the senses originating separately (from their causes), as also their rising and setting, does not grieve.
The mind is subtler than the senses; subtler than the mind is the intellect; Mahat (Hiranyagarbha) is subtler than the intellect; subtler than Mahat is Avyakta (Un-manifested).
अव्यक्तात्तु परः पुरुषो व्यापकोऽलिङ्ग एव च । यं ज्ञात्वा मुच्यते जन्तुरमृतत्वं च गच्छति ॥ ८॥
PADACHEDA
अव्यक्तात् तु परः पुरुषः व्यापकः अलिङ्गः एव च । यम् ज्ञात्वा मुच्यते जन्तुः अमृत-त्वम् च गच्छति ॥ ८॥
TRANSLITERATION
avyaktāt tu paraḥ puruṣaḥ vyāpakaḥ aliṅgaḥ eva ca . yam jñātvā mucyate jantuḥ amṛta-tvam ca gacchati .. 8..
ENGLISH MEANING
But subtler than Avyakta is Purusha, all-pervading and without a linga (distinguishing mark) indeed, knowing whom a mortal becomes freed and attains immortality.
न संदृशे तिष्ठति रूपमस्य न चक्षुषा पश्यति कश्चनैनम् । हृदा मनीषा मनसाऽभिक्लृप्तो य एतद्विदुरमृतास्ते भवन्ति ॥ ९॥
PADACHEDA
न संदृशे तिष्ठति रूपम् अस्य न चक्षुषा पश्यति कश्चन एनम् । हृदा मनीषा मनसा अभिक्लृप्तः ये एतत् विदुः अमृताः ते भवन्ति ॥ ९॥
TRANSLITERATION
na saṃdṛśe tiṣṭhati rūpam asya na cakṣuṣā paśyati kaścana enam . hṛdā manīṣā manasā abhiklṛptaḥ ye etat viduḥ amṛtāḥ te bhavanti .. 9..
ENGLISH MEANING
His form does not stand within the scope of vision; none beholds Him with the eye. By the intellect restraining the mind and through meditation is He revealed. Those who know this become immortal.
tām yogam iti manyante sthirām indriya-dhāraṇām . apramattaḥ tadā bhavati yogaḥ hi prabhava-apyayau .. 11..
ENGLISH MEANING
That steady restraint over the senses they regard as yoga. Then one becomes vigilant, for yoga can indeed originate (in one) and can be lost (as well).
asti iti eva upalabdhavyaḥ tattva-bhāvena ca ubhayoḥ . asti iti eva upalabdhasya tattva-bhāvaḥ prasīdati .. 13..
ENGLISH MEANING
The Self should be apprehended as existing and also as It really is. Of these two (aspects), to him who knows It to exist, Its true nature is revealed.
शतम् च एका च हृदयस्य नाड्यः तासाम् मूर्धानम् अभिनिःसृता एका । तया ऊर्ध्वम् आयन् अमृत-त्वम् एति विष्वङ् अन्याः उत्क्रमणे भवन्ति ॥ १६॥
TRANSLITERATION
śatam ca ekā ca hṛdayasya nāḍyaḥ tāsām mūrdhānam abhiniḥsṛtā ekā . tayā ūrdhvam āyan amṛta-tvam eti viṣvaṅ anyāḥ utkramaṇe bhavanti .. 16..
ENGLISH MEANING
There are a hundred and one nerves of the heart. Of then, one goes out piercing the head. Going up through that, one attains immortality; the others serve for departing in different ways.
aṅguṣṭha-mātraḥ puruṣaḥ antarātmā sadā janānām hṛdaye saṃniviṣṭaḥ . tam svāt śarīrāt pravṛhet muñja-ādi-veṣīkām dhairyeṇa . tam vidyāt śukram amṛtam tam vidyāt śukram amṛtam iti .. 17..
ENGLISH MEANING
Purusha of the size of a thumb, the inner Self, is ever seated in the heart of all living beings. One should, with steadiness, separate Him from one's own body as stalk from the Munja grass. One should know Him as pure and immortal; one should know Him as pure and immortal.
mṛtyu-proktām naciketaḥ atha labdhvā vidyām etām yoga-vidhim ca kṛtsnam . brahma-prāptaḥ virajaḥ abhūt vimṛtyuḥ ranyaḥ api evam yaḥ vidadhya ātmam eva .. 18..
ENGLISH MEANING
Nachiketas then, having acquired this knowledge imparted by Death, as also the instructions on Yoga in entirety, attained Brahman having become dispassionate and deathless. So does become anyone else also who knows the inner Self thus.
सह नाववतु । सह नौ भुनक्तु । सह वीर्यं करवावहै । तेजस्विनावधीतमस्तु मा विद्विषावहै ॥ १९॥
PADACHEDA
सह नौ अवतु । सह नौ भुनक्तु । सह वीर्यम् करवावहै । तेजस्विनौ अधीतम् अस्तु मा विद्विषावहै ॥ १९॥
TRANSLITERATION
saha nau avatu . saha nau bhunaktu . saha vīryam karavāvahai . tejasvinau adhītam astu mā vidviṣāvahai .. 19..
ENGLISH MEANING
Om! May He protect us both together (by illumining the nature of knowledge). May He sustain us both (by ensuring the fruits of knowledge). May we attain the vigour (of knowledge) together. Let what we learn enlighten us. Let us not hate each other.
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